西南天山超高压变质带的两类石榴角闪岩

吕增; 王凯

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.009

西南天山超高压变质带的两类石榴角闪岩

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.009

吕增,
王凯

北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41330210

国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） 2015CB856105

国家自然科学基金项目 41372004

详细信息

作者简介:
吕增(1981-), 男, 副教授, 主要从事变质作用研究

中图分类号: P588
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-07-10
- 刊出日期: 2018-01-15

Metamorphic Evolution of Two Types of Garnet Amphibolites from UHP Terrane of Southwestern Tianshan, NW China

Lü Zeng,
Wang Kai

The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education; School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

摘要: 角闪岩是西南天山超高压变质带变基性岩的常见岩石类型之一.野外关系和矿物反应结构表明，大多数角闪岩是由榴辉岩或蓝片岩受到不同程度的钠长绿帘角闪岩相退变质叠加形成的.但对于一些平衡结构发育良好且孤立产出的角闪岩类型（如石榴角闪岩）仍缺乏系统的岩石学研究.本次从岩相学、矿物成分以及热力学模拟几个方面对哈布腾苏河下游地区超高压带内不含钠长石的石榴角闪岩开展了详细的工作.这些石榴角闪岩的主要矿物为绿色角闪石（钙质-钠钙质闪石）、帘石（黝帘石-绿帘石）和石榴石，三者总体积占80%~90%，明显有别于大多数由榴辉岩退变而成的含有钠长石变斑晶的石榴角闪岩.虽然这些角闪岩化学成分十分相近，都具有富钙贫钠和高的Mg/（Mg+Fe）比值，但在结构、构造和矿物组成等方面存在显著差异，据此将它们划分为两类.第一类角闪岩基质中不含石英，保存在变斑晶中的少量残余矿物组合为石榴石+绿辉石+硬柱石+蓝闪石+金红石，指示峰期硬柱石榴辉岩相变质条件，富钛矿物全部为金红石.第二类角闪岩强烈面理化，面理由绿色角闪石、绿帘石和绿泥石以及条带状石英集合体构成.石榴石粒度呈双峰式分布，粗粒比细粒低钙低锰.基质和包体中均未发现高压变质特征矿物绿辉石和蓝闪石.富钛矿物以榍石为主，金红石和钛铁矿仅存在于个别石榴石中.两类角闪岩的石榴石成分具有较大区分度，前者的钙含量较高而镁含量较低.P-T视剖面计算显示它们的峰期条件为480~520 ℃，30~33 kbar，均达到超高压范围，与哈布腾苏河下游及以西地区的榴辉岩相似，表明西南天山超高压变基性岩构成沿中天山南缘断裂延伸数十千米的独立地质单元，不存在所谓的俯冲隧道混杂现象.
- 西南天山造山带 /
- 超高压变质地体 /
- 石榴角闪岩 /
- 相平衡模拟 /
- 变质演化 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: Amphibolite is one of the common metabasic rock types exposed in the the UHP metamorphic belt of southwestern Tianshan. It is found in the field relationship and mineral reaction textures that most of such amphibolites are retrograded after eclogites or blueschists to various extents at albite-epidote amphibolite facies conditions. However, petrological studies are not systematic and sufficient for those with equilibrated textures from homogeneous blocks. In this paper, it is presented a detailed study of petrography, mineral chemistry and thermodynamic modelling on some albite-free garnet amphibolites in the UHP unit at the lower part of the Habutengsu valley. Results show that they largely consist of green amphibole (Ca-or Na-Ca-amphibole), epidote (or zoisite) and garnet (80% to 90% total volume), substantially different from the equivalents that retrograded from UHP eclogites contain albite porphyroblast. Though these garnet amphibolites are similar in bulk compositions, with high CaO and low Na₂O and high Mg content, based on contrasting differences in terms of texture, structure and mineral assemblage, two types are divided herein. Type Ⅰ garnet amphibolite is quartz-free and relict or inclusion assemblage of Grt+Omp+Lws+Gln+Rt indicating peak lawsonite eclogite facies conditions. Rutile is the only Ti-rich phase as inclusion or in the matrix. Type Ⅱ garnet amphibolite is strongly foliated shown by oriented green amphibole, epidote, chlorite and banded quartz aggregates. Garnet is characterized by bimodal grain size and the larger ones have lower Ca and Mn. No HP indicator such as omphacite or sodic amphibole has been detected. Ti-rich phase is dominated by titanite and rare rutile and ilmenite are only found in some garnets. Generally, garnet compositions are distinguishable between the two types of amphibolites, Type Ⅰ with higher Ca but lower Mg. P-T pseudosection calculations show that peak metamorphic conditions of both types are 480 to 520℃, 30 to 33 kbar, in the UHP field akin to other eclogites in the lower reach of the Habutengsu River and adjacent areas to the west. This indicates a coherent UHP unit extending tens of kilometers along the southern Central Tianshan fault, rather than tectonic mélange from a fossil subduction channel.
- southwestern Tianshan orogenic belt /
- UHP terrane /
- garnet amphibolite /
- phase equilibria modelling /
- metamorphic evolution /
- petrology

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图 1 西南天山造山带西段高压-超高压变质带地质简图及采样位置

据吕增和张立飞(2014)

Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the western part of the HP-UHP metamorphic belt of southwestern Tianshan and sample localities

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图 2 西南天山超高压变质带石榴角闪岩的产状

a.第一类石榴角闪岩(手标本)，第一类角闪岩局部发育钠云母-石英脉，其中可见来自围岩的细粒石榴石集合体；b.第二类石榴角闪岩(野外露头)

Fig. 2. The occurrences of garnet amphibolites from the UHP belt of southwestern Tianshan

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图 3 西南天山超高压变质带石榴角闪岩的显微结构

a.样品H713-30中的细粒石榴石散布于黝帘石变斑晶和绿色角闪石中(单偏光)；b.样品H713-30中无序排列的板条状绿色角闪石，含有均匀分布的细小金红石(正交偏光)；c.样品H161-29中由条带状石英和长柱状角闪石构成的定向构造，发育粒度差异明显的两类石榴石；d.样品H161-29中发育不规则环带的绿帘石集合体；e.样品H713-30中石榴石包裹的绿辉石和硬柱石假象(电子背散射图象)；f.样品H713-30中黝帘石变包裹的石榴石(发育明显成分环带)和绿辉石(电子背散射图象)；g.样品H161-29中的粗粒石榴石及其包体(电子背散射图象).图e~g的比例尺长为100 μm.本文所用的矿物英文缩写除特别说明外，均来自Whitney and Evans(2010).Grt^*.石榴石中异常富钙的不规则区域(Grs＞40)，一般与石英或钠云母构成多相包体

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of garnet amphibolites from the UHP belt of southwestern Tianshan

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图 4 西南天山超高压变质带石榴角闪岩主要矿物的成分变化图解

a.石榴石；图a中的斜线区域和阴影区域分别代表西南天山超高压和高压变基性岩的石榴石成分范围，据Lü et al.(2017).H713-30样品的一个高钙低镁成分对应于石榴石变斑晶内的暗色富钙区域(参看图 3e中的Grt^*)，很可能是包体硬柱石减压分解的产物之一；b.单斜辉石，据Morimoto(1988)；图b中的斜线区域代表文献中的西南天山超高压变基性岩中的绿辉石成分变化范围；c.角闪石，据Leake et al.(1997).Grs=Ca/(Ca+Fe²⁺+Mg+Mn)×100；Prp=Mg/(Ca+Fe²⁺+Mg+Mn)×100

Fig. 4. Compositional variations of main minerals in garnet amphibolites from the UHP belt of southwestern Tianshan

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图 5 西南天山超高压变质带石榴角闪岩在NCKFMASH体系下的P-T视剖面图

a.样品H713-30；b.样品H161-29.圆圈表示石榴石成分——钙铝榴石(Grs)和镁铝榴石(Prp)等值线的交点，带箭头的粗实线表示石榴石成分环带确定的轨迹，粗虚线表示推测的退变质轨迹，星形图案表示观察到的退变质矿物组合；部分矿物组合因为稳定范围较小，未标注.图中所用的矿物英文缩写均来自Whitney and Evans(2010)

Fig. 5. P-T pseudosections of garnet amphibolites from the UHP belt of southwestern Tianshan in the system NCKFMASH

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表 1 西南天山超高压变质带中石榴角闪岩的主要矿物电子探针成分(%)

Table 1. Electron microprobe analyses of main minerals in garnet amphibolites from the UHP belt of southwestern Tianshan (%)

Sample	H713-30
Mineral	Grt		Grt	Grt	Amp	Amp	Amp	Amp	Ep	Ep	Cpx	Cpx	Pg
Position	C	M	M	R	matrix	matrix	in Ep	relict	C	R	in Ep	in Grt	matrix
SiO₂	38.05	37.79	38.62	38.75	55.17	55.42	53.75	57.72	39.50	39.81	57.26	56.64	46.84
TiO₂	0.10	0.05	0.14	0.00	0.04	0.11	0.15	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.05
Al₂O₃	22.02	22.50	22.13	22.14	6.06	5.19	8.60	12.36	32.64	32.95	10.41	10.54	40.68
Cr₂O₃	0.06	0.00	0.06	0.08	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.04	0.21	0.17	0.08	0.05	0.12
FeO^T	30.91	31.06	30.45	28.23	6.67	7.41	8.03	7.43	1.39	1.27	3.62	4.13	0.15
MnO	0.62	0.65	0.67	0.37	0.03	0.09	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01
MgO	3.00	3.13	3.37	4.05	17.42	17.77	15.38	12.05	0.05	0.01	8.84	8.55	0.09
CaO	6.32	6.24	6.23	7.29	9.34	10.03	9.07	2.39	23.89	23.65	13.87	13.67	0.26
Na₂O	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.00	2.66	1.95	2.94	6.25	0.02	0.06	6.58	6.68	6.61
K₂O	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.09	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.28
Totals	101.08	101.44	101.69	100.91	97.59	98.15	98.11	98.30	97.73	97.94	100.68	100.30	95.09
Oxygens	12	12	12	12	23	23	23	23	12.5	12.5	6	6	11
Si	2.99	2.96	3.00	3.01	7.65	7.66	7.47	7.79	3.01	3.02	2.02	2.01	2.98
Ti	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Al	2.04	2.08	2.03	2.03	0.99	0.85	1.41	1.97	2.93	2.95	0.43	0.44	3.05
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01
Fe³⁺	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.12	0.19	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.01
Fe²⁺	2.03	2.02	1.98	1.83	0.66	0.67	0.86	0.80	0.03	0.04	0.11	0.12	0.00
Mn	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mg	0.35	0.36	0.39	0.47	3.60	3.66	3.18	2.42	0.01	0.00	0.46	0.45	0.01
Ca	0.53	0.52	0.52	0.61	1.39	1.49	1.35	0.35	1.95	1.92	0.52	0.52	0.02
Na	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.52	0.79	1.64	0.00	0.01	0.45	0.46	0.82
K	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02
Sum	7.99	8.00	7.98	7.97	15.15	15.08	15.18	15.01	7.99	7.99	3.99	4	6.91

Sample	H161-29
Mineral	Grt	Grt	Grt	Grt	Grt	Amp	Amp	Chl	Chl	Ep	Ep	Ep	Ilm
Position	S, C	S, M	L, C	L, M	L, R	in Grt	matrix	Ps. Grt	matrix	in Grt	matrix	matrix	in Grt
SiO₂	37.63	37.78	37.58	37.84	37.90	52.48	51.01	27.44	26.94	38.98	38.32	38.94	0.04
TiO₂	0.16	0.13	0.17	0.13	0.16	0.20	0.19	0.00	0.03	0.15	0.09	0.02	51.86
Al₂O₃	21.34	21.04	21.21	21.34	21.45	6.29	9.79	21.22	21.29	29.57	27.36	32.89	0.17
Cr₂O₃	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.09	0.14	0.01	0.00	0.19	0.12	0.09	0.10	0.00	0.07
FeO^T	24.59	25.55	30.45	31.33	29.03	11.05	11.79	20.24	19.58	5.91	7.65	1.60	40.73
MnO	3.32	1.75	0.19	0.09	0.11	0.17	0.18	0.27	0.20	0.16	0.22	0.02	6.63
MgO	2.04	2.54	2.51	2.17	2.98	14.75	12.94	18.70	18.96	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.09
CaO	10.78	10.76	7.85	7.86	8.08	10.39	9.47	0.03	0.01	22.76	22.84	23.77	0.19
Na₂O	0.05	0.09	0.02	0.02	0.00	1.87	2.81	0.31	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.07
K₂O	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Totals	99.91	99.69	100.00	100.88	99.85	97.24	98.23	88.42	87.15	97.73	96.62	97.27	99.86
Oxygens	12	12	12	12	12	23	23	14	14	12.5	12.5	12.5	3
Si	2.98	2.99	2.99	2.99	3.00	7.49	7.23	2.78	2.76	3.01	3.01	2.98	0.00
Ti	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.98
Al	1.99	1.96	1.99	1.99	2.00	1.06	1.64	2.54	2.57	2.69	2.53	2.97	0.01
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
Fe³⁺	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.15	0.13	0.00	0.00	0.30	0.46	0.03	0.03
Fe²⁺	1.60	1.64	2.01	2.06	1.92	1.17	1.27	1.72	1.68	0.08	0.05	0.08	0.83
Mn	0.22	0.12	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.14
Mg	0.24	0.30	0.30	0.26	0.35	3.14	2.73	2.83	2.90	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
Ca	0.92	0.91	0.67	0.67	0.69	1.59	1.44	0.00	0.00	1.88	1.92	1.95	0.01
Na	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.52	0.77	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
K	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Sum	8	8	8	8	7.99	15.15	15.26	9.97	9.95	7.99	7.99	8.02	2
注：矿物成分由北京大学电子探针实验室完成，单位为质量百分含量.型号：JOEL-JXA8100，加速电压15 kV，电流10 nA，束斑2 μm，采用PRZ修正数据；矿物化学式采用AX软件计算；C.核部；M.幔部；R.边部；S.细粒；L.粗粒；Ps.(交代)假象

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表 2 西南天山超高压变质带中两类石榴角闪岩的全岩成分(%)

Table 2. XRF analytical results of two representative garnet amphibolites from the UHP belt of southwestern Tianshan (%)

Sample No.	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃^T	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	LOI	Total
H713-30	46.17	15.80	1.44	12.78	10.19	10.03	0.11	1.90	0.21	0.09	2.33	101.04
H161-29	47.32	15.22	0.69	10.43	12.00	9.06	0.14	1.90	0.17	0.04	2.26	99.23
注：全铁当作三价铁；LOI.烧失量.

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