东准噶尔南缘两套泥盆纪火山岩地球化学特征对比及其地质意义

赵浩; 廖群安; 罗婷; 田锦明; 张孟; 王良玉; 刘鸿飞

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.021

东准噶尔南缘两套泥盆纪火山岩地球化学特征对比及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.021

赵浩^1,,
廖群安^1, ,,
罗婷²,
田锦明¹,
张孟¹,
王良玉³,
刘鸿飞¹

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
陕西省地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710054
3.
核工业二四三大队, 内蒙古赤峰 024006

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 DD20179607

中国地质调查局项目 12120114042801

详细信息

作者简介:
赵浩(1993-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事矿物学、岩石学、矿床学研究

通讯作者:
廖群安

中图分类号: P581;P588
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-10-13
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-15

Geochemistry and Geological Implications of Two Sets of Devonian Volcanic Rocks in South Margin of East Junggar

1.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Geological Survey Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
No.243 Geological Party of Nuclear Industry, CNNC, Chifeng 024006, China

摘要

摘要: 东准噶尔一直以来都是研究新疆北部古生代洋陆格局和构造演化热点地区之一.前人对东准噶尔南缘火山岩的研究较为薄弱, 关注点多在石炭纪火山岩源区及构造属性上, 对泥盆纪火山岩构造背景和岩浆演化过程缺乏认识.对卡拉麦里蛇绿岩北侧的泥盆系北塔山组和乌鲁巴斯套组火山岩的岩石学、地球化学和年代学特征进行了详细研究, 结果表明:卡拉麦里北塔山组火山岩形成于早泥盆世晚期-中泥盆世早期(404 Ma), 具中-高钾、中钛、中铁和低铝的特征, 微量元素显示其富集LREE、LILE和亏损Nb、Ta, 推测其形成于洋壳俯冲的陆缘弧环境, 源区为受过俯冲沉积物熔体和流体交代的亏损地幔楔; 而莫钦乌拉中泥盆统乌鲁巴斯套组火山岩具贫碱、低钾、低钛、高铝等特征, 显示为典型的岛弧火山岩特征, 同位素和微量元素特征显示其来源于俯冲消减板片流体交代的亏损地幔楔.综合两套火山岩的差异特征和区域地质背景, 推测中泥盆纪卡拉麦里洋北向俯冲经历了由陆缘弧到岛弧的转变过程.
- 东准噶尔 /
- 卡拉麦里 /
- 莫钦乌拉 /
- 泥盆纪 /
- 岛弧火山岩 /
- 陆缘弧 /
- 地球化学 /
- 地质年代学
Abstract: The East Junggar has always been one of study hotspots on the Paleozoic ocean-continent transformation and tectonic evolution of the northern Xinjiang.However, studies of volcanic rocks in the south margin of the East Junggar are relatively weak since studies focus more on the origin and structural attributes of Carboniferous volcanic rocks, resulting in a lack of understanding of the tectonic setting and magmatic evolution of the Devonian volcanic rocks.Here we report a detailed petrologic, geochemical and geochronologic analyses on the Devonian volcanic rocks from the Beitashan and Wulubasitao Formations in the northern of the Karamaili ophiolite, to examine its formation environment and magma origin.Combining with the previous works in this region, our study reveals that the volcanic rocks of the Beitashan Formation from the Karamaili formed during the Early Devonian to Middle Devonian (404 Ma), which is characterized by intermediate-high K, Ti and Fe, low Al₂O₃ levels, enriched in LREE and LILE, and relatively depleted in HFSE (Nb, Ta).These rocks was probably formed in a continental marginal arc construction environment and the magma is originated from a depleted mantle wedge metasomatismed by melt and fluid from subduction sediment.For the Wulubasitao Formation, the volcanic rocks formed during the Middle Devonian (MoQinulla), characterized by poor alkali, low K, Ti, Fe and high Al, indicating typical island arc volcanic rocks.Isotope and trace element characteristics show it was derived from depleted mantle wedge metasomatismed by fluid from subducted plate.According to the differences of two volcanic rocks features as well as regional geology, we speculate that the subduction of the Karamaili ocean transformed from continental marginal arc to island arc during the Middle Devonian.
- East Junggar /
- Karamaili /
- MoQinulla /
- Devonian /
- island arc volcanic rock /
- continental marginal arc /
- geochemistry /
- geochronology

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图 1 中亚造山带构造简图(a)、东准噶尔地区构造简图(b)、卡拉麦里地区地质简图(c)和莫钦乌拉地区地质简图(d)

图a据Jahn(2004); 图b据Xiao et al.(2008); 图c据1:50 000滴水泉幅; 图d据1:50 000板房沟幅

Fig. 1. Tection sketch of Central Asia and adjacent regions(a), tection sketch of the East Junggar(b), geological sketch of the Karamaili(c) and the MoQinulla(d)

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图 2 东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区北塔山组火山岩实测剖面(a)和莫钦乌拉地区乌鲁巴斯套组火山岩实测剖面(b)

Fig. 2. The geological sections of volcanic rocks from the Beitashan Formation in the Karamaili area(a) and the Wulubasitao Formation in the MoQinulla area(b) of East Junggar

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图 3 东准噶尔中泥盆世火山岩野外露头照片和岩相学特征

图a、d为北塔山组玄武安山岩(+), 图b、e为乌鲁巴斯套组玄武粗安岩(+), 图c、f为安山质角砾熔岩(-); Pl.斜长石, Cpx.单斜辉石

Fig. 3. Outcrop photograph and petrological features of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 4 东准噶尔卡拉麦里北塔山组下段玄武安山岩的锆石U-Pb谐和图(a)和阴极发光图像(b)

Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram(a) and CL images(b) of the basaltic andesite from the Beitashan Formation in the Karamaili area, East Junggar

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图 5 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩TAS图解(a)和Zr/TiO₂-Nb/Y图解(b)

图a据le Maitre(1989); 图b据Winchester and Floyd(1977)

Fig. 5. TAS diagram(a) and Zr/TiO₂-Nb/Y diagram(b) of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 6 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩硅钾图(a)和哈克图解(b~g)

图a据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)

Fig. 6. K₂O vs.SiO₂ diagram(a) and Harker diagrams(b-g) of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 7 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)

标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989); CC.大陆地壳

Fig. 7. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern(a) and PM-normalized trace element spider diagram(b) of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 8 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩初始Sr-Nd-Pb同位素源区图解

图a中MORB、EMⅠ、EMⅡ数据据Zimmer et al.(1995), 东准噶尔火山岩数据据Su et al.(2012)和Zhang et al.(2009); 图d中EMⅡ据Zindler and Hart(1986), MORB和NHRL据White et al.(1987); MORB.洋中脊玄武岩, DM.亏损地幔, PREMA.普通地幔, BSE.总硅酸盐地球, EMⅠ.Ⅰ型富集地幔, EMⅡ.Ⅱ型富集地幔, NHRL.北半球参考线

Fig. 8. Initial Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic source diagrams of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 9 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩源区判别图解

图a据Saunders et al.(1992)和夏林圻等(2007); 图c据Pearce(1982); 图d据Jahn et al.(1999); DM.亏损地幔, CC.大陆地壳, OIB.洋岛玄武岩, WPB.板内玄武岩, MORB.洋中脊玄武岩, IAB.岛弧玄武岩, IAT.岛弧拉斑系列, ICA.岛弧钙碱性系列, SHO.岛弧橄榄玄粗岩系列

Fig. 9. Source discrimination diagrams of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 10 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩Sm/Yb-Sm图解

DM.亏损地幔, PM.原始地幔, WAM.西安纳托尼亚地幔, gt-Iherzolite.石榴石二辉橄榄岩, sp-Iherzolite.尖晶石二辉橄榄岩; 底图据Aldanmaz et al.(2000)

Fig. 10. Sm/Yb vs.Sm diagram of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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图 11 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩构造环境判别图解

图a据Meschede(1986), AI、AII.板内碱性玄武岩, B.P-MORB, C.板内拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩, D.N-MORB; 图b据Pearce(1982), A.岛弧拉斑玄武岩, B.岛弧拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩, C.岛弧钙碱性玄武岩, D.板内玄武岩

Fig. 11. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

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表 1 东准噶尔卡拉麦里北塔山组火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测试结果

Table 1. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of volcanic rocks from the Beitashan Formation in the Karamaili area, eastern Junggar terrane

分析点	Th/U	元素含量(10^-6)			同位素比值						年龄(Ma)
分析点	Th/U	Pb	Th	U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
1	1.4	173	504	356	0.057 7	0.003 2	0.536 1	0.030 5	0.067 3	0.000 9	517	122	436	20	420	6
3	2.7	285	1 164	430	0.049 0	0.003 0	0.434 6	0.026 6	0.063 7	0.000 8	150	137	367	19	398	5
5	1.5	412	1 448	959	0.054 0	0.001 7	0.490 3	0.015 8	0.065 4	0.000 6	372	70	405	11	409	4
6	1.4	112	413	293	0.053 0	0.003 2	0.464 1	0.028 2	0.063 8	0.001 0	332	137	387	20	399	6
7	0.9	571	1 819	1 955	0.053 3	0.001 2	0.481 2	0.011 0	0.065 2	0.000 5	339	54	399	8	407	3
11	1.3	360	1 288	1 000	0.051 2	0.002 0	0.468 9	0.019 3	0.065 7	0.000 8	250	86	390	13	410	5
12	0.8	137	397	482	0.055 5	0.002 4	0.527 1	0.022 3	0.069 2	0.001 0	432	98	430	15	431	6
13	0.3	138	271	797	0.059 3	0.002 4	0.532 9	0.020 2	0.065 3	0.000 8	589	89	434	13	408	5
14	1.3	681	2 118	1 597	0.062 8	0.002 0	0.579 0	0.020 1	0.066 0	0.000 8	702	69	464	13	412	5
15	1.1	935	1 414	1 269	0.071 0	0.002 2	1.323 0	0.039 5	0.134 2	0.001 5	958	63	856	17	812	8
16	0.2	527	434	2 253	0.062 1	0.001 7	0.902 0	0.024 1	0.104 5	0.001 1	680	64	653	13	641	6
18	1.8	708	2 784	1 522	0.053 2	0.001 8	0.458 9	0.014 8	0.062 2	0.000 7	345	74	384	10	389	4
19	1.4	332	1 031	726	0.058 5	0.002 4	0.597 5	0.025 5	0.073 7	0.001 2	550	89	476	16	458	7
20	0.6	167	416	6 796	0.058 1	0.002 5	0.581 7	0.025 1	0.072 3	0.000 9	600	96	466	16	450	6
22	1.0	1 426	3 355	3 515	0.070 1	0.002 0	0.800 3	0.022 5	0.082 1	0.000 9	932	57	597	13	509	5
23	1.3	333	1 174	919	0.054 7	0.002 1	0.496 2	0.018 8	0.065 4	0.000 8	398	81	409	13	409	5

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表 2 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩的主量元素(%)、微量元素(10^-6)、稀土元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 2. Major elements(%), trace elements(10^-6) and rare earth elements(10^-6) results from the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

样品号	卡拉麦里北塔山组			莫钦乌拉乌鲁巴斯套组
	061-8-1H	061-12-1H	061-10-1H	P0082-1H	P0082-3H	D8101-4H	P0083-1H	D8109-1H	D8101-2H	P0083-2H
	玄武安山岩	玄武安山岩	玄武安山岩	玄武粗安岩	玄武粗安岩	粗安岩	安山岩	安山岩	安山岩	安山岩
SiO₂	50.48	52.27	54.74	50.78	52.45	54.65	57.12	57.63	58.93	59.44
TiO₂	2.48	1.93	1.96	0.67	0.65	0.53	0.46	0.47	0.48	0.41
Al₂O₃	14.47	15.72	15.72	18.78	18.82	18.40	18.52	17.59	16.31	17.64
FeO^T	10.96	9.51	8.96	9.52	8.78	8.13	5.78	5.92	7.02	5.04
MnO	0.19	0.18	0.15	0.18	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.12
MgO	5.23	3.65	3.30	4.27	3.82	4.21	4.36	3.60	3.76	4.23
CaO	7.02	6.09	6.44	5.56	4.47	3.38	4.39	4.89	3.65	3.28
Na₂O	4.12	3.59	3.07	5.25	6.10	5.09	4.90	4.49	4.94	5.29
K₂O	1.40	0.86	2.16	0.27	0.19	1.12	0.44	0.82	0.49	0.43
P₂O₅	0.38	0.40	0.42	0.20	0.20	0.15	0.16	0.12	0.13	0.21
LOI	1.71	4.32	1.82	3.19	2.68	3.08	3.04	3.20	3.00	2.93
Total	98.44	98.52	98.74	98.67	98.32	98.89	99.31	98.89	98.85	99.02
Mg^#	50.02	44.58	43.57	48.47	47.70	52.07	61.28	56.04	52.91	63.77
K₂O/Na₂O	0.34	0.24	0.70	0.05	0.03	0.22	0.09	0.18	0.10	0.08
Sc	35.6	22.6	24.0	21.9	23.4	22.9	19.5	17.5	23.7	15.9
V	295.2	220.8	231.5	302	334	295	149	158	248	125
Cr	71.2	24.2	24.5	20	20	20	50	30	10	40
Co	35.2	33.2	33.0	28.9	25.8	24.2	23.1	17.9	21.9	19.6
Ni	15.9	27.0	26.9	9.2	8.4	8.9	14.8	8.6	8.3	12.7
Cs	1.77	2.09	2.89	0.23	0.19	0.43	0.21	0.37	0.27	0.19
Rb	35.5	20.2	61.5	3.8	2.7	18.6	8.0	14.3	8.0	7.9
Ba	292.9	415.9	589.6	144.5	132.0	304	198.0	223	141.5	199.0
Th	5.24	5.21	6.17	1.51	1.43	1.27	1.53	0.83	1.23	1.42
U	1.07	1.11	1.37	0.62	0.59	0.45	0.56	0.37	0.44	0.53
Nb	8.0	10.2	10.8	1.2	1.3	0.9	1.4	1.5	1.0	1.4
Ta	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pb	6.9	9.2	9.2	4.1	3.4	3.0	3.1	2.0	4.4	2.1
Sr	402	449	734	521	413	486	509	466	567	356
Y	37.6	34.1	35.7	19.4	19.2	14.2	14.7	17.0	12.8	15.1
Zr	221.8	269.4	283.1	70	70	53	82	81	48	75
Hf	5.7	5.7	7.4	2.2	2.0	1.6	2.3	2.3	1.4	2.0
La	17.6	28.1	27.9	12.2	11.2	9.6	10.3	6.3	8.0	10.1
Ce	41.1	61.5	61.5	29.7	27.9	21.8	24.9	15.2	18.6	24.1
Pr	5.72	7.65	7.86	3.95	3.81	2.77	3.33	2.05	2.43	3.22
Nd	26.3	32.5	33.6	17.1	17.0	12.2	14.2	8.9	10.6	13.8
Sm	6.78	7.40	7.57	3.90	3.80	2.76	3.07	2.29	2.48	3.13
Eu	1.99	2.06	2.17	1.29	1.31	0.93	0.99	0.78	0.76	0.98
Gd	7.05	7.04	7.49	3.87	3.73	2.63	2.91	2.67	2.37	2.78
Tb	1.18	1.15	1.22	0.52	0.51	0.37	0.41	0.40	0.33	0.38
Dy	7.15	6.70	7.04	3.47	3.17	2.42	2.53	2.74	2.17	2.52
Ho	1.42	1.31	1.37	0.78	0.68	0.56	0.55	0.63	0.49	0.54
Er	4.19	3.76	3.98	2.27	2.04	1.56	1.51	1.83	1.39	1.52
Tm	0.59	0.53	0.56	0.34	0.32	0.23	0.23	0.28	0.21	0.23
Yb	3.99	3.67	3.87	2.19	1.99	1.53	1.54	1.81	1.36	1.53
Lu	0.58	0.56	0.58	0.34	0.30	0.24	0.24	0.29	0.22	0.24
ΣREE	125.6	163.9	166.7	81.9	77.8	59.6	66.7	46.2	51.4	65.1
(La/Yb)_N	3.16	5.17	5.48	4.00	4.04	4.50	4.80	2.50	4.22	4.74
δEu	0.87	0.87	0.86	1.00	1.05	1.04	1.00	0.96	0.94	0.99

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表 3 东准噶尔泥盆纪火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 3. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic results of the Devonian volcanic rocks of East Junggar

来源	样号	岩性	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(±2σ)	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i	¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd(±2σ)	(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i	ε_Nd(t)	t_DM1(Ga)	t_DM2(Ga)	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(±2σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(±2σ)	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(±2σ)	(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)t	(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)t	(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)t
莫钦乌拉	P0082-3H	玄武粗安岩	0.018 915	0.703 907(±6)	0.703 798	0.136 077	0.512 854(±4)	0.512 493	7.36	0.58	0.53	18.139 1(±5)	15.451 0(±5)	37.740 4(±13)	17.480 6	15.415 2	37.224 9
乌鲁巴斯套组	D8109-1H	安山岩	0.088 789	0.704 396(±5)	0.703 884	0.156 640	0.512 909(±5)	0.512 494	7.37	0.64	0.53	18.348 4(±12)	15.476 2(±12)	37.925 1(±32)	17.642 2	15.437 9	37.413 4
乌鲁巴斯套组	P0083-2H	安山岩	0.064 206	0.704 141(±5)	0.703 771	0.138 074	0.512 807(±3)	0.512 441	6.34	0.69	0.60	18.457 8(±10)	15.484 0(±10)	38.157 3(±25)	17.489 8	15.431 5	37.319 6
注:(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_样品+(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)(e^λt-1), λ_Rb=1.42×10^-11a^-1; ε_Nd(t)=[(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_样品/(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_CHUR(t)-1]×10⁴, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_CHUR(t)=(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_CHUR-(¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd)_CHUR(e^λt-1), λ_Sm=6.54×10^-12a^-1; 乌鲁巴斯套组火山岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素初始值以380 Ma为基准计算, 亏损地幔的Sm-Nd同位素组成采用(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_CHUR=0.512 638, (¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd)_CHUR=0.196 7.

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