东昆仑那更康切尔银多金属矿床流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

国显正; 谢万洪; 周洪兵; 田承盛; 李金超; 孔会磊; 杨涛; 姚学钢; 贾群子

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.101

东昆仑那更康切尔银多金属矿床流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.101

1.
中国地质大学地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室, 西北地质科技创新中心, 陕西西安 710054
3.
四川省冶金地质勘查局水文工程大队, 四川成都 611730
4.
青海省地质调查局, 青海西宁 810012

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160013

详细信息

作者简介:
国显正(1990-), 男, 博士研究生在读, 主要从事岩石学, 矿床学研究

通讯作者:
贾群子

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-15

Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Geochemistry of the Rhyolite Porphyry in the Nagengkangqieer Silver Polymetallic Deposit, East Kunlun and Their Geological Significance

1.
Geological Survey of China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Xi'an Center, China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposit, MNR, Northwest China Center for Geoscience Innovation, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
Metallurgical Geological Prospecting Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611730, China
4.
Geological Survey Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining 810012, China

摘要

摘要: 那更康切尔银多金属矿床是青海省目前发现的首个大型银矿床，通过对赋矿流纹斑岩进行岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究，结果表明：流纹斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为217.4±3.1 Ma，形成于晚三叠世；流纹斑岩SiO₂的含量在73.08%~75.78%，Al₂O₃含量介于14.05%~16.04%，Na₂O+K₂O含量为4.31%~4.77%，K₂O含量为4.20%~4.61%，K₂O/Na₂O比值远大于1，属于钙碱性强过铝钾质火山岩.岩石具有高硅、富铝、富钾的特征，Mg^#值介于45~54，具有明显的轻稀土元素富集，重稀土元素亏损的特征；富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K，亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素；ε_Hf（t）介于－4.4~－9.7，二阶段Hf模式年龄T_DM2为1 533~1 864 Ma.综上表明流纹斑岩主要源于中元古代－古元古代下地壳重熔，同时混入幔源物质；赋矿流纹斑岩形成于东昆仑晚三叠世造山后伸展环境.那更康切尔大型银矿床的发现，是东昆仑晚三叠世成矿作用的表现，为区域上寻找同期侵入岩或陆相火山岩有关的多金属矿床奠定基础.
- 流纹斑岩 /
- 锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 地球化学 /
- 那更康切尔银多金属矿床 /
- 东昆仑
Abstract: The Nagengkangqieer silver polymetallic deposit located in the East Kunlun orogenic belt is a newly discovered large-scale silver deposit in Qinghai Province. Orebodies of the deposit are mainly hosted in rhyolite porphyry. This paper presents zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopes, whole-rock major and trace elements for rhyolite porphyry in the Nagengkangqieer deposit. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses for rhyolite porphyry show that rocks formed during the Late Triassic with ages of 217.4±3.1 Ma. The rhyolite porphyry has high contents of SiO₂ (73.08%-75.78%), Al₂O₃ (14.05%-16.04%), with K₂O+Na₂O ranging from 4.31% to 4.77%, and K₂O=4.20%-4.61%, belonging to the high-potassium calc-alkaline strong peralkaline volcanic rocks. These rocks are characterized by high silicon, aluminum and high-potassium, the Mg^# values range from 45 to 54; and rhyolite porphyry is depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, P, and Ti), and enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Th and K); ε_Hf(t) values vary from -4.4 to -9.7, and the two-stage model age of T_DM2 ranges from 1 533 Ma to 1 864 Ma. According to the petrology, geochemistry and regional tectonic background, we conclude that the rhyolite porphyry was predominantly derived from partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic continental crust and some mantle derived material, it formed in extension tectonic settings. The Nagengkangqieer silver polymetallic deposit reflects the Late Triassic mineralization, which is essential for future exploration of polymetallic deposit in the area where intrusive rocks or volcanic rocks in East Kunlun orogenic belt would be very obvious.
- rhyolite porphyry /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- Nagengkangqieer silver polymetallic deposit /
- East Kunlun

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图 1 那更康切尔银多金属矿地质图

图a据Xia et al. (2015)；图b据许远平等(2014)修改

Fig. 1. The sketch geological map of the Nagengkangqieer silver polymetallic deposit

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图 2 那更康切尔流纹斑岩野外和显微照片

a.流纹斑岩野外产出；b.钻孔中含矿流纹斑岩；c.流纹斑岩手标本；d.流纹斑岩镜下，Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Qtz.石英

Fig. 2. Field photograph and microphotographs of Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 3 那更康切尔流纹斑岩锆石阴极发光图像及年龄（Ma）

Fig. 3. Typical CL images and ages (Ma) of zircons from Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 4 那更康切尔流纹斑岩锆石U⁃Pb年龄谐和图及加权平均年龄

Fig. 4. Zircon U⁃Pb concordia diagram and weighted mean ages diagram from Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 5 那更康切尔流纹斑岩岩石分类图解

a.火山岩TAS图解，底图据Bas et al. (1986)；b.Nb/Y-10³ Zr/TiO₂图解，底图据Winchester and Floyd (1977)；c.K₂O-SiO₂图解，底图据Hastie et al. (2007)；d.A/NK-A/CNK图解，底图据Maniar and Piccoli (1989）

Fig. 5. Geochemical diagram of volcanic rocks from Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 6 那更康切尔流纹斑岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）

标准化数据据Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns (b) for the Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 7 那更康切尔流纹斑岩ε_Hf(t)年龄图解

Fig. 7. ε_Hf(t)-Age diagram of Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 8 那更康切尔流纹斑岩Rb/Sr⁃Ba/Rb图解

底图据Furman and Graham（1999）

Fig. 8. Rb/Sr⁃Ba/Rb diagram of Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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图 9 那更康切尔流纹斑岩Nb/La-Ba/Rb (a)和Th/La-Ce/Pb (b)图解

图a底图据Nelson (1992)；图b底图据Oyhantçabal et al. (2007)）

Fig. 9. Nb/La-Ba/Rb (a) and Th/La-Ce/Pb (b) diagrams of Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

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表 1 那更康切尔流纹斑岩锆石LA⁃ICP⁃MS测年结果

Table 1. LA⁃ICP⁃MS isotopic data of zircon from Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

点号	Th	U	Th/U	比值		比值		比值		年龄（Ma）		年龄（Ma）
点号	(10^-6)	(10^-6)	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ
052N201	82.13	84.23	0.98	0.049 66	0.005 64	0.034 05	0.001 11	0.233 09	0.025 59	215.9	6.9	212.7	21.1
053N202	71.51	98.01	0.73	0.050 59	0.005 24	0.034 69	0.001 16	0.241 90	0.023 98	219.8	7.3	220.0	19.6
055N204	88.53	118.66	0.75	0.050 07	0.004 25	0.034 14	0.000 97	0.235 61	0.019 10	216.4	6.0	214.8	15.7
057N206	114.62	140.26	0.82	0.051 94	0.003 80	0.034 43	0.000 89	0.246 48	0.017 15	218.2	5.6	223.7	14.0
059N207	75.57	98.41	0.77	0.050 68	0.005 02	0.034 30	0.001 12	0.239 65	0.022 69	217.4	7.0	218.1	18.6
060N208	84.61	121.04	0.70	0.050 55	0.004 30	0.034 18	0.000 99	0.238 15	0.019 29	216.6	6.2	216.9	15.8
061N209	68.32	86.51	0.79	0.051 43	0.007 24	0.034 06	0.001 75	0.241 49	0.032 01	215.9	10.9	219.6	26.2
062N210	39.50	56.27	0.70	0.049 41	0.006 76	0.034 67	0.001 31	0.236 11	0.031 26	219.7	8.2	215.2	25.7
063N211	77.23	99.58	0.78	0.049 94	0.004 91	0.034 39	0.001 10	0.236 72	0.022 27	218.0	6.9	215.7	18.3
068N213	98.31	113.13	0.87	0.052 93	0.004 89	0.034 12	0.001 17	0.248 94	0.021 67	216.3	7.3	225.7	17.6
069N214	86.99	98.73	0.88	0.050 60	0.005 34	0.03476	0.001 30	0.242 49	0.024 23	220.3	8.1	220.5	19.8
070N215	113.15	135.37	0.84	0.047 43	0.003 86	0.034 21	0.000 87	0.223 69	0.017 52	216.8	5.4	205.0	14.5
071N216	41.13	61.34	0.67	0.049 89	0.007 34	0.034 58	0.001 47	0.237 85	0.033 74	219.2	9.1	216.7	27.7
073N218	66.22	90.90	0.73	0.050 85	0.005 10	0.034 21	0.001 11	0.239 80	0.022 99	216.8	6.9	218.3	18.8
075N219	59.55	91.56	0.65	0.050 79	0.006 03	0.033 78	0.001 34	0.236 54	0.026 73	214.2	8.4	215.6	22.0
076N220	84.71	104.36	0.81	0.050 61	0.004 56	0.033 93	0.000 97	0.236 76	0.020 48	215.1	6.1	215.8	16.8
077N221	46.76	61.09	0.77	0.052 88	0.007 16	0.033 75	0.001 67	0.246 07	0.031 37	214.0	10.4	223.4	25.6
078N222	91.87	112.11	0.82	0.051 02	0.004 39	0.034 73	0.001 04	0.244 27	0.019 97	220.1	6.5	221.9	16.3
079N223	104.04	117.43	0.89	0.052 09	0.004 46	0.034 40	0.001 13	0.247 01	0.019 87	218.0	7.0	224.1	16.2
080N224	50.60	73.41	0.69	0.048 91	0.005 86	0.034 53	0.001 22	0.232 82	0.026 88	218.8	7.6	212.5	22.1

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表 2 那更康切尔流纹斑岩主量元素（%）和微量元素（10^-6）

Table 2. Contents of major elements (%) and trace elements (10^-6) of Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

样品编号	17NGH1	17NGH2	17NGH3	17NGH4
SiO₂	73.08	73.56	75.29	75.78
TiO₂	0.67	0.64	0.61	0.62
Al₂O₃	16.04	15.58	14.64	14.05
Fe₂O₃	0.69	0.78	0.93	0.76
FeO	0.22	0.25	0.29	0.31
MnO	0.08	0.04	0.05	0.03
MgO	0.56	0.58	0.51	0.52
CaO	0.29	0.29	0.16	0.29
Na₂O	0.16	0.16	0.15	0.11
K₂O	4.61	4.54	4.25	4.20
P₂O₅	0.10	0.02	0.04	0.09
烧失	3.41	3.46	2.97	3.17
Total	99.91	99.90	99.89	99.93
Mg^#	54	52	45	48
A/CNK	2.77	2.72	2.84	2.67
A/NK	3.05	3.00	3.01	2.97
Rb	264.00	230.00	245.00	212.00
Ba	577.00	556.00	681.00	572.00
Th	11.50	9.84	11.70	10.10
U	1.60	1.17	1.75	1.40
Sr	17.00	15.40	21.20	18.10
Nb	14.00	12.60	14.70	13.20
Ta	1.01	0.89	1.05	0.91
Zr	165.00	148.00	169.00	153.00
Hf	5.10	4.59	5.22	4.66
Co	0.84	0.40	0.76	0.57
Ni	0.75	0.45	1.08	0.83
Cr	21.70	18.30	19.90	17.40
V	50.10	49.10	53.20	47.30
Sc	14.20	11.80	12.40	13.50
Cs	20.30	17.40	19.00	14.50
Cu	10.50	5.84	6.29	8.40
Pb	86.60	32.60	35.80	58.00
Zn	25.20	20.80	30.60	19.10
Sn	29.60	8.30	10.90	13.90
La	29.80	32.20	35.10	33.20
Ce	58.60	63.70	69.20	64.30
Pr	6.68	6.93	7.73	6.79
Nd	24.00	25.50	28.60	24.90
Sm	4.21	4.14	4.68	4.12
Eu	0.58	0.70	0.84	0.62
Gd	3.45	3.53	3.86	3.49
Tb	0.50	0.50	0.61	0.56
Dy	2.63	2.98	3.53	3.46
Ho	0.53	0.56	0.66	0.67
Er	1.50	1.57	1.88	1.92
Tm	0.24	0.25	0.30	0.29
Yb	1.52	1.63	1.92	1.93
Lu	0.23	0.25	0.29	0.29
Y	12.40	14.70	16.80	17.60
ΣREE	134.47	144.44	159.20	146.54
LREE	123.87	133.17	146.15	133.93
HREE	10.60	11.27	13.05	12.61
LREE/HREE	11.69	11.82	11.20	10.62
La_N/Yb_N	14.06	14.17	13.11	12.34
δEu	0.47	0.56	0.60	0.50
δCe	1.02	1.05	1.03	1.05

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表 3 那更康切尔流纹斑岩锆石Hf同位素

Table 3. Zircon in situ Hf isotope analysis data of Nagengkangqieer rhyolite porphyry

样品点	t(Ma)	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	±2σ	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	T_DM1(Ma)	T_DM2(Ma)	f_Lu/Hf
Hf-172-N201	215.9	0.024 632	0.000 872	0.282 449	0.000 029	‒11.4	‒6.8	1 133	1 687	‒0.97
Hf-172-N202	219.8	0.014 953	0.000 542	0.282 463	0.000 028	‒10.9	‒6.2	1 103	1 650	‒0.98
Hf-172-N203^*	217.4	0.011 634	0.000 424	0.282 414	0.000 024	‒12.7	‒8.0	1 168	1 759	‒0.99
Hf-172-N204	216.4	0.013 912	0.000 505	0.282 444	0.000 028	‒11.6	‒6.9	1 128	1 693	‒0.98
Hf-172-N205^*	217.4	0.015 640	0.000 561	0.282 466	0.000 027	‒10.8	‒6.1	1 100	1 645	‒0.98
Hf-172-N206	218.2	0.019 011	0.000 708	0.282 477	0.000 028	‒10.4	‒5.8	1 089	1 621	‒0.98
Hf-172-N207	217.4	0.014 830	0.000 538	0.282 437	0.000 031	‒11.9	‒7.2	1 139	1 710	‒0.98
Hf-172-N208	216.6	0.016 425	0.000 630	0.282 442	0.000 022	‒11.7	‒7.0	1 136	1 700	‒0.98
Hf-172-N209	215.9	0.015 070	0.000 553	0.282 458	0.000 027	‒11.1	‒6.5	1 111	1 664	‒0.98
Hf-172-N210	219.7	0.010 963	0.000 395	0.282 429	0.000 027	‒12.1	‒7.4	1 146	1 725	‒0.99
Hf-172-N211	218.0	0.015 480	0.000 563	0.282 438	0.000 031	‒11.8	‒7.1	1 139	1 707	‒0.98
Hf-172-N212^*	217.4	0.017 483	0.000 647	0.282 400	0.000 028	‒13.1	‒8.5	1 193	1 792	‒0.98
Hf-172-N213	216.3	0.015 609	0.000 575	0.282 516	0.000 025	‒9.0	‒4.4	1 030	1 533	‒0.98
Hf-172-N214	220.3	0.017 228	0.000 619	0.282 422	0.000 029	‒12.4	‒7.6	1 162	1 741	‒0.98
Hf-172-N215	216.8	0.017 152	0.000 639	0.282 403	0.000 028	‒13.1	‒8.4	1 190	1 787	‒0.98
Hf-172-N216	219.2	0.009 405	0.000 353	0.282 508	0.000 027	‒9.3	‒4.6	1 035	1 547	‒0.99
Hf-172-N217^*	217.4	0.013 902	0.000 488	0.282 399	0.000 029	‒13.2	‒8.5	1 191	1 794	‒0.99
Hf-172-N218	216.8	0.014 698	0.000 523	0.282 445	0.000 027	‒11.6	‒6.9	1 128	1 692	‒0.98
Hf-172-N219	214.2	0.012 144	0.000 447	0.282 482	0.000 025	‒10.2	‒5.6	1 074	1 609	‒0.99
Hf-172-N220	215.1	0.014 182	0.000 507	0.282 485	0.000 026	‒10.1	‒5.5	1 071	1 603	‒0.98
Hf-172-N221	214.0	0.012 160	0.000 424	0.282 368	0.000 026	‒14.3	‒9.7	1 231	1 864	‒0.99
Hf-172-N222	220.1	0.013 895	0.000 508	0.282 426	0.000 027	‒12.2	‒7.5	1 153	1 731	‒0.98
Hf-172-N223	218.0	0.020 733	0.000 731	0.282 439	0.000 030	‒11.8	‒7.1	1 143	1 707	‒0.98
Hf-172-N224	218.8	0.015 712	0.000 553	0.282 499	0.000 026	‒9.7	‒4.9	1 054	1 571	‒0.98
注：带*号锆石年龄采用加权平均年龄进行计算.

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