Forming Mechanism of Ordovician Microbial Carbonate Reservoir in Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 微生物岩储层是当前的研究热点之一.通过对塔中北坡微生物岩样品的岩芯以及铸体薄片的观察，发现研究区域的微生物岩储层以裂缝-孔隙型储层为主.对其进行全直径孔渗性检测发现，微生物岩储层具有较好的天然气储集物性.通过对微生物岩的形成机制及特点的分析，结合应力敏感实验和成像测井资料，总结出微生物岩储集空间发育的优势因素.原生白云石的生成可以促进方解石的溶解，而塔中北坡微生物岩发生早成岩岩溶作用，部分地区叠加晚期深成热液改造，提高了储集物性；有机质含量较丰富不仅可以在埋藏成岩阶段生成有机酸造成溶蚀，还能够降低微生物岩的极限强度从而容易在构造作用下发生断裂形成裂缝，因此塔中北坡微生物岩储集空间主要以次生作用为主.通过岩石压缩系数的测定，得出微生物岩的抗压实能力一般，但藻屑骨架对藻孔的保护有利，抗压实能力最强的是受到热液作用而硅化的微生物岩，其次是白云石化微生物岩.Abstract: The microbial carbonate reservoir is one of the hot research areas.The observation of microbialite's core and casting thin sections of the northern slope of middle Tarim basin in our study shows that fracture-pore type reservoir dominates in the microbialites of study area. Though the porosity and permeability analysis of full diameter core, we found that the microbialites were good gas reservoirs. On the analysis of the formation mechanism and characteristics of microbialites, combined with stress sensitive experiment and imaging logging, we summarized the advantage factors of the forming reservoir space of microbialites, firstly, the generation of native dolomite can promote the dissolution of calcite. The microbialites of the study area experienced eogenetic karstification, and parts superposition late hypogenic karstification, improving the reservoir physical properties. Secondly, rich organic matter content not only caused dissolution by organic acid generated by microbialites in the burial diagenetic stage, but also reduced the ultimate strength of microbialites which could easy to form cracks under the tectonic movement. Therefore the reservoir space of microbialites in the northern slope of middle Tarim basin is mainly secondary role. Though the determination of rock compressibility, it is concluded that microbialites' compaction resistance is common, but algae crumbs skeleton is advantageous to the protection of the algal hole. The strongest ability to resist compaction is silicified microbialites, followed by dolomitization.
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图 1 塔里木盆地塔中北坡构造单元划分及综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Structural units and comprehensive histogram of Tazhong uplift, Tarim basin
图 2 顺南地区凝块石储集空间及SN6井一间房组部分层段成像测井照片
a, b.凝块石薄片透射光和荧光照片中葛万藻化石，STI井，O2yj，7 706.22 m；c.凝块石岩心样品，STI井，O2yj，7 706.22 m；d, e.凝块石岩心样品及铸体薄片中微裂缝的发育，SN7井，O2yj，6 485.38 m；f.颗粒灰岩铸体薄片照片，SN7井，O2yj，6 491.10 m; g.凝块石铸体薄片中颗粒间残余孔隙，SN7井，O2yj，6 485.45 m；h.凝块石铸体薄片中藻孔大量发育，顺着藻凝块中还有微裂缝的发育，SN7井，O2yj，6 487.36 m；i.凝块石中藻孔的CT照片，SN7井，O2yj；j.凝块石发育层段成像测井照片，SN6井，O2yj
Fig. 2. The reservoir space of Shunnan area's thrombolites and parts of the rock section of Yijianfang Formation of Well SN6 imaging logging
图 3 SN7井一间房组孔隙度-渗透率关系
Fig. 3. Porosity and permeability diagram of Yijianfang formation of Well SN4
图 6 SN5井及SN7井白云石化照片
a, b.单偏光照片显示凝块石发育窗格孔，且被选择性白云石化，SN5井，O1p；c, d.左边透射镜对照右边阴极光照片显示凝块当中发生了白云石化作用
Fig. 6. Dolomitization photos of Well SN5 and SN7
图 8 SN4井微生物岩成岩作用照片
a.凝块石中发生硅化现象，SN4井，O1-2y，6 671.98 m；b.凝块石中发育两期构造裂缝，构造裂缝切穿缝合线，沿缝合线伴生自形白云石，SN4井，O1-2y，6 671.15 m；c.凝块石中发生硅化作用，局部有溶蚀重结晶现象，SN4井，O1-2y，6 672.03 m；d.凝块石中发育两期构造裂缝，SN4井，O1-2y，6 671.42 m.照片来源于中石化西北油田分公司
Fig. 8. Microbiatediagenesis photos of Well SN4
图 9 SN4井及SN5井凝块石压缩系数与有效覆盖压力关系曲线
Fig. 9. Relation curve of rock compressibility and effective cover pressure of thrombolites in Well SN4 and SN5
表 1 塔中北坡奥陶系微生物岩发育层段
Table 1. Ordovician microbial Formation in northeastern slop of Tazhong uplift
井号 凝块石发育层段 凝块石发育深度范围 顺南1井 O2yj 6 531~6 534 m, 6 669~6 674 m 顺南4井 O2yj、O1-2y 6 361~6 461 m, 6 671~6 672 m 顺南5井 O2yj、O1p 6 373~6 379 m, 7 172~7 179 m 顺南6井 O2yj 6 782~6 788 m 顺南7井 O2yj、O1-2y 6 484~6 485 m, 6 535~6 552 m 顺托1井 O2yj 7 704~7 708 m 
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表 2 塔中北坡物性数据统计
Table 2. The statistics of reservoir properties of Tazhong uplift
井号 深度(m) 岩性 地层 孔隙度(%) 渗透率(mD) 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 ST1 7 670.66~7 676.63 砂屑灰岩 O2yj 0.7 3.3 1.9 0.001 1.72 0.306 ST1 7 704.48~7 708.73 凝块石 O2yj 1.5 4.4 3.1 0.001 0.05 0.017 SN7 6 426.70~6 429.72 砂屑灰岩 O2yj 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.001 0.06 0.025 SN7 6 484.42~6 486.12 凝块石 O2yj 3.4 3.5 3.4 0.040 5.84 2.017
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