东天山小尖山金矿床侵入岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义

蒋东祥; 毛启贵; 刘家军; 于明杰; 卫晓峰; 程志龙

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.129

东天山小尖山金矿床侵入岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.129

1.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
北京矿产地质研究院, 北京 100012
3.
武警黄金第六支队, 青海西宁 810000

基金项目:

中国地质调查局公益性地质调查项目 DD20160071

国家重点基础发展研究计划（973计划）项目 2014CB440803

国家重点研发计划 2017YFC0601201

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋东祥(1991-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事矿物学、岩石学、矿床学方面研究.E-mail:532167402@qq.com

通讯作者:
毛启贵, E-mail:qg_mao@sina.cn

中图分类号: P588.12;P597.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-15

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Intrusive Rocks of Xiaojianshan Gold Deposit in the East Tianshan Mountains and Its Geological Significance

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources, Beijing 100012, China
3.
The Sixth Gold Detachment of China Armed Police Force, Xining 810000, China

摘要

摘要: 小尖山金矿床位于东天山康古尔塔格金矿带中段，目前其成矿作用与矿区侵入岩的关系尚不明确.通过岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学特征的系统研究，结果表明小尖山矿区花岗岩脉SiO₂含量为66.30%~68.31%，Al₂O₃含量为16.65%~18.28%，K₂O含量为3.25%~4.00%，Na₂O含量为2.38%~3.46%，K₂O/Na₂O比值为0.94~1.68（平均值1.41），属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列；岩石富集轻稀土元素（（La/Yb）_N=7.68~9.04），并且富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素，相对亏损Ta、Th、U、Nb、Ti等高场强元素，具δEu正异常（1.02~1.25），δCe负异常（0.79~0.86），具有岛弧岩浆稀土微量地球化学特征.Nb-Y图解中，样品投点落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区；Rb-（Y+Nb）图解中，样品投点落在火山弧花岗岩区.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年揭示岩脉的结晶年龄为257.0±2.3 Ma，形成于晚二叠世，与康古尔金矿带挤压走滑构造和成矿作用时间一致.样品的Zr/Hf（31.90~37.60）和Nb/Ta（4.96~11.28）结果显示地壳的部分熔融来源特征；结合区域构造演化过程与成矿时代可知，矿区花岗岩脉为深部地壳的部分熔融产物，侵入就位过程与金成矿作用有密切关系.
- 锆石U-Pb测年 /
- 地球化学 /
- 小尖山金矿 /
- 东天山 /
- 康古尔塔格
Abstract: The Xiaojianshan gold depost is located in the Kanggurtag gold belt of the East Tianshan mountains, but the relationship between the mineralization and the intrusive rocks in the mining area is not clear. Based on the systematic study of petrography, petrogeochemistry and chronology, the results show that Xiaojianshan granite is dominated by adamellite, with SiO₂ concentrations of 66.30%-68.31%, Al₂O₃ of 16.65%-18.28%, K₂O of 3.25%-4.00%, Na₂O of 2.38%-3.46%, and K₂O/Na₂O (0.94-1.68) with an average value of 1.41, belonging to peraluminous high-K cale-alkaline series. The granite is enriched in the light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N values of 7.68-9.04) and LILEs like Rb and K, but is relatively depleted in the high field strength elements (Ta, Th, U, Nb and Ti). This granite has negligible Eu anomalies (δEu=1.02-1.25) and weak negative Ce anomaly (δCe=0.79-0.86). In the Nb-Y diagram, the samples all fall into the area of the volcanic arc-syncollisional granite; In the Rb-(Y+Nb) diagram, the samples fall into the area of volcanic arc granite; LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that granite age is 257.0±2.3 Ma and formed in Late Permian and concordance with the extrusion strike slip structure and metallogenic time of the Kanggur gold belt. The Zr/Hf (31.90-37.60) and Nb/Ta (4.96-11.28) values of the samples show the characteristics of the partial melting of the crust, therefore, the granite is the partial melting product of the tectonic compression of the deep crust, and the emplacement process is closely related to gold mineralization.
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- Xiaojianshan Au deposit /
- East Tianshan mountains /
- Kanggurtag

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图 1 东天山构造格架及矿产地质简图

1.中新生代沉积盖层；2.晚古生代火山-沉积岩系；3.晚古生代岛弧火山岩；4.前寒武纪变质岩；5.花岗岩类；6.剪切带；7.铜(钼)矿床；8.钼矿床；9.金矿床；10.铁矿床；11.银矿床；12.铜镍硫化物矿床；13.小尖山所在位置；据Mao et al.(2005)、Huang et al.(2013)，略有修改

Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch and the geotectonic position of Xiaojianshan in the East Tianshan mountains

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图 2 新疆康古尔地区地质简图

γ₄.晚古生代花岗岩；γ₅.中生代花岗岩；δO₄.海西期英云闪长岩；F₁.康古尔断裂；F₂.雅满苏断裂；F₃.阿奇克库都克断裂；据张连昌等(2000)修改

Fig. 2. Geologic sketch of Kanggur area, Xinjiang

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图 3 小尖山金矿区地质略图

1.第四系；2.灰褐色英安质凝灰岩；3.灰褐色英安质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩；4.灰绿色片理化安山质凝灰岩；5.灰绿色安山玢岩；6.中石炭统苦水组；7.下石炭统雅满苏组第二岩性段；8.下石炭统雅满苏组第一岩性段；9.金矿体；10.实测、推测断层；11.花岗岩脉；12.钻孔；13.金矿化；14.金矿体(矿化带)编号；据赵玉社和张红英(2010)修改

Fig. 3. Geologic sketch of Xiaojianshan gold deposit

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图 4 矿石手标本及镜下特征

a, b.绿泥石化、绢云母化矿石；c.假象褐铁矿及裂隙金；d.细脉状黄铁矿；e.黄铜矿交代为铜蓝；f.黄铁矿包含黄铜矿；g.黄铁矿与石英粒间金；h.黄铁矿、黄铜矿与闪锌矿共生；i.石英脉与孔雀石；j.绢云母化带内细粒黄铁矿；Gl.金；Lm.褐铁矿；Py.黄铁矿；Ccp.黄铜矿；Cv.铜蓝；Sp.闪锌矿；Mal.孔雀石；Qtz.石英

Fig. 4. Hand specimens and microscopic characteristics of ore

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图 5 花岗岩脉与围岩接触关系

Fig. 5. Contact relationship between granite and wall rocks

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图 6 花岗岩宏观及微观特征

a.地表呈脉状延伸的花岗岩；b.花岗岩与矿体呈侵入接触；c.隐约可见的花岗结构；d.钾长石的卡式双晶及绿泥石化、绢云母化；e, f.绢云母化、绿泥石化、高岭土化；Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Ser.绢云母；Chl.绿泥石；Kln.高岭土

Fig. 6. Macroscopic and microscopic features of granite

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图 7 小尖山花岗岩的Q-P-A图解(a)、SiO₂-K₂O图解(b)和铝饱和指数(A/CNK-A/NK)图解(c)

1.富石英花岗岩；2.碱长花岗岩；3a.花岗岩；3b.花岗岩(二长花岗岩)；4.花岗闪长岩；5.英云闪长岩、斜长花岗岩；6.碱长石英正长岩；7.石英正长岩；8.石英二长岩；9.石英二长闪长岩；10.石英闪长岩、石英辉长岩、石英斜长岩.图a底图据Maitre(1989)；图b底图据Rickwood(1989)；图c底图据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)

Fig. 7. Q-P-A diagram (a), SiO₂-K₂O diagram (b) and Aluminum saturation index diagram (c) of Xiaojianshan granite

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图 8 小尖山花岗岩脉稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式(a)及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

图a中的标准化值据Boynton(1984)；图b中的标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram (b) for the Xiaojianshan granite

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图 9 花岗岩测点锆石CL图像

Fig. 9. Cathodoluminescence (CL) image of tested zircons for granite

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图 10 小尖山花岗岩锆石平均年龄(a)与U-Pb谐和图(b)

Fig. 10. Zircon weighted average (a) and U-Pb concordia diagram (b) for the granite in Xiaojianshan

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图 11 小尖山花岗岩(Y+Nb)-Rb图解(a)，Y-Nb图解(b)

底图据Pearce et al.(1984)

Fig. 11. (Y+Nb)-Rb diagram (a) and Y-Nb diagram (b) for the granite in Xiaojianshan

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图 12 康古尔塔格金矿带金矿床成矿年龄直方图

Fig. 12. Age histogram of gold deposits in the Kanggurtag gold belt

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表 1 主量(%)、微量和稀土元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 1. Results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10^-6) cotents

样品号	QX1701-1	QX1701-2	QX1701-3	QX1701-4	QX1701-5	QX1701-6
SiO₂	63.51	63.52	64.68	63.60	63.77	66.08
Al₂O₃	17.21	17.51	16.42	15.78	16.03	16.20
TFe₂O₃	3.96	3.98	4.13	4.00	3.87	4.04
MgO	1.51	1.53	1.49	1.54	1.23	1.44
CaO	2.59	2.49	2.44	3.71	4.09	2.06
Na₂O	2.54	2.55	2.27	2.35	2.55	3.35
K₂O	3.82	3.80	3.81	3.40	3.64	3.15
MnO	0.031	0.038	0.028	0.041	0.052	0.024
TiO₂	0.410	0.407	0.423	0.407	0.396	0.429
P₂O₅	0.194	0.202	0.205	0.192	0.199	0.212
LOI	4.16	3.90	4.03	4.92	4.08	2.95
FeO	1.90	1.94	1.99	2.18	1.66	2.18
Total	99.72	99.71	99.71	99.69	99.74	99.68
σ	1.89	1.88	1.64	1.52	1.77	1.78
A/CNK	1.92	1.98	1.93	1.67	1.56	1.89
La	19.5	17.6	20.0	17.1	17.8	20.1
Ce	32.9	32.2	34.4	31.7	30.6	36.0
Pr	4.95	4.50	5.01	4.39	4.49	5.01
Nd	18.7	17.1	19.4	16.7	17.0	18.9
Sm	3.61	3.25	3.74	3.27	3.24	3.48
Eu	1.16	1.14	1.39	1.31	1.44	1.55
Gd	3.17	3.00	3.68	3.48	3.80	4.36
Tb	0.52	0.50	0.58	0.58	0.61	0.66
Dy	2.91	2.74	3.15	3.14	3.24	3.41
Ho	0.56	0.52	0.60	0.60	0.62	0.64
Er	1.89	1.64	1.75	1.81	1.99	1.93
Tm	0.25	0.21	0.25	0.24	0.24	0.26
Yb	1.61	1.32	1.55	1.49	1.56	1.57
Lu	0.26	0.21	0.24	0.23	0.24	0.25
Y	14.6	12.8	14.3	13.0	12.7	12.5
∑REE	91.95	85.97	95.70	86.11	86.89	98.04
LREE/HREE	7.23	7.48	7.10	6.44	6.07	6.49
(La/Yb)_N	8.18	9.04	8.69	7.75	7.68	8.61
δEu	1.02	1.10	1.13	1.18	1.25	1.22
δCe	0.79	0.85	0.81	0.86	0.81	0.84
Li	19.9	22.3	21.8	24.1	20.5	23.5
Be	1.21	1.22	1.30	1.22	1.20	1.23
Nb	6.51	6.53	6.62	6.37	6.24	7.01
Ga	19.0	18.9	19.6	18.9	18.6	19.8
Zr	212	195	191	189	183	223
Th	2.09	1.12	1.05	0.76	0.64	0.65
Sr	163	161	155	181	174	227
Ba	386	360	371	357	364	335
V	58.0	59.1	62.3	61.8	60.6	62.4
Cr	14.0	13.7	14.8	15.4	16.4	15.3
Co	8.43	8.45	8.48	8.73	8.80	8.77
Ni	5.89	5.75	6.16	6.17	7.14	6.25
Rb	102.0	99.9	107.0	92.1	93.1	78.8
Ta	0.58	0.62	1.34	0.64	0.58	0.76
U	0.40	0.35	0.25	0.20	0.18	0.14
Hf	5.63	5.63	5.70	5.78	5.73	6.47

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表 2 小尖山花岗岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年数据

Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating data for granite in Xiaojianshan

分析点	Pb(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	Th/U	同位素比值						同位素年龄(Ma)
分析点	Pb(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
1	19.3	186	308	0.60	0.0444	0.0066	0.2363	0.0368	0.0402	0.0008	169.0	129.3	215.0	30.2	254.0	4.9
2	21.2	189	326	0.58	0.0462	0.0053	0.2483	0.0289	0.0405	0.0006	255.5	124.4	225.0	23.5	256.0	3.8
3	47.0	438	774	0.57	0.0517	0.0036	0.2857	0.0209	0.0406	0.0005	272.0	161.1	255.0	16.5	257.0	2.8
4	26.7	216	425	0.51	0.0588	0.0035	0.3338	0.0196	0.0420	0.0006	567.0	131.5	292.0	14.9	265.0	3.7
5	53.1	487	762	0.64	0.0576	0.0024	0.3228	0.0129	0.0408	0.0005	517.0	86.1	284.0	9.9	258.0	3.3
6	29.2	230	478	0.48	0.0571	0.0043	0.3088	0.0201	0.0397	0.0008	494.0	166.6	273.0	15.6	251.0	5.1
7	20.8	181	361	0.50	0.0540	0.0031	0.2877	0.0148	0.0403	0.0006	372.0	131.5	257.0	11.7	255.0	3.7
8	24.6	214	290	0.74	0.0555	0.0049	0.3052	0.0268	0.0407	0.0008	432.0	198.9	270.0	20.8	257.0	5.0
9	33.1	351	490	0.72	0.0506	0.0027	0.2763	0.0144	0.0396	0.0005	233.0	122.2	248.0	11.4	251.0	3.3
10	23.7	221	331	0.67	0.0540	0.0046	0.2923	0.0224	0.0407	0.0008	369.0	194.4	260.0	17.6	257.0	4.9
11	26.3	223	357	0.63	0.0524	0.0035	0.2989	0.0184	0.0421	0.0007	302.0	158.3	266.0	14.4	266.0	4.1
12	52.7	285	456	0.62	0.0574	0.0044	0.3162	0.0211	0.0420	0.0007	509.0	202.8	279.0	16.3	265.0	4.6
13	37.2	363	417	0.87	0.0503	0.0031	0.2722	0.0152	0.0396	0.0000	209.0	144.4	244.0	12.1	251.0	3.6
14	25.8	255	305	0.83	0.0609	0.0050	0.3231	0.0221	0.0408	0.0009	639.0	176.7	284.0	17.0	258.0	5.4
15	31.4	278	420	0.66	0.0571	0.0036	0.3252	0.0196	0.0417	0.0007	494.0	140.7	286.0	15.0	264.0	4.1
16	29.0	277	319	0.87	0.0554	0.0049	0.2885	0.0204	0.0403	0.0008	428.0	198.1	257.0	16.0	255.0	4.7
17	21.3	240	296	0.81	0.0542	0.0091	0.2781	0.0392	0.0401	0.0023	389.0	329.3	249.0	31.1	254.0	14.3
18	47.1	420	653	0.64	0.0504	0.0038	0.2864	0.0196	0.0418	0.0008	213.0	171.3	256.0	15.5	264.0	5.3
19	54.1	451	1070	0.42	0.0517	0.0021	0.2733	0.0103	0.0404	0.0022	272.0	86.1	245.0	8.2	255.0	13.5
20	47.2	341	682	0.50	0.0670	0.0035	0.3616	0.0186	0.0390	0.0006	839.0	109.3	313.0	13.9	247.0	3.9
21	29.0	237	450	0.53	0.0520	0.0033	0.2939	0.0177	0.0411	0.0007	283.0	144.4	262.0	13.9	260.0	4.5
22	28.1	255	413	0.62	0.0546	0.0035	0.3047	0.0169	0.0411	0.0008	394.0	172.2	270.0	13.1	260.0	4.8
23	20.2	173	308	0.56	0.0502	0.0055	0.2698	0.0290	0.0399	0.0011	211.0	227.8	243.0	23.2	252.0	7.0

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表 3 康古尔塔格金矿带侵入岩与金矿床形成时代

Table 3. Age of gold deposits and intrusive rocks in the Kanggurtag gold belt

矿区	测试对象	分析方法	年龄(Ma)	备注	资料来源
康古尔金矿	石英正长斑岩	全岩Rb-Sr	282±16	成岩时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
康古尔金矿	岛弧火山岩(流纹斑岩)	全岩Rb-Sr	300±13	成岩时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
康古尔金矿	安山岩	全岩Rb-Sr	290±5	成岩时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
康古尔金矿	英云闪长岩	全岩Rb-Sr	248.0±1.0	成岩时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
康古尔金矿	石英-碳酸盐脉	石英Rb-Sr	220±21	成矿时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
康古尔金矿	石英-碳酸盐脉	石英Rb-Sr	254±7	成矿时代	张连昌等，1997
康古尔金矿	多金属硫化物石英脉	石英Rb-Sr	258±21	成矿时代	张连昌等，1997
康古尔金矿	磁铁矿-黄铁矿-绿泥石-石英矿石	石英Rb-Sr	282.3±5.0	成矿时代	张连昌等，1997
康古尔金矿	绢英岩	绢云母Rb-Sr	241±5	成矿时代	张连昌等，1997
康古尔金矿	黄铁绢英岩	绢云母Ar-Ar	261	成矿时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
康古尔金矿	金矿石	绢云母Ar-Ar	252.5±1.7	成矿时代	陈文等，2007
康古尔金矿	金矿石	石英Rb-Sr	261±1	成矿时代	陈文等，2007
康古尔金矿	金矿石	矿石K-Ar	263.3~253.3	成矿时代	陈文等，2007
马头滩金矿	金矿石	石英Rb-Sr	258.8±6.8	成矿时代	刘重芃等，2014
马头滩金矿	金矿石	白云母Ar-Ar	256.0±1.5	成矿时代	刘重芃等，2014
西凤山金矿	花岗闪长斑岩	全岩Rb-Sr	284±13	成岩时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
西凤山金矿	含金石英脉	石英Rb-Sr	272±3	成矿时代	姬金生和杨建国，1996
红石金矿	石英钠长斑岩	锆石U-Pb	344±4	成岩时代	孙敬博等，2012
红石金矿	金矿石	绢云母Ar-Ar	253.9±1.8	成矿时代	陈文等，2007
红石金矿	金矿石	石英Rb-Sr	257±4	成矿时代	孙敬博等，2013
红石金矿	金矿石	绢云母Ar-Ar	258.7±1.3	成矿时代	陈文等，2007
红石金矿	糜棱岩	绢云母Ar-Ar	262±1	成矿时代	孙敬博等，2012
石英滩金矿	含金石英脉	石英Rb-Sr	288±7	成矿时代	李华芹，1998
石英滩金矿	含金石英脉	石英Rb-Sr	276±7	成矿时代	李华芹，1998
石英滩金矿	含金石英脉	石英Rb-Sr	261.6±7.0	成矿时代	李华芹，1998
石英滩金矿	含矿隐爆角砾岩	全岩Rb-Sr	244±9	成矿时代	李华芹，1998
元宝山金矿	含矿围岩	全岩Rb-Sr	255.6±1.0	成矿时代	段瑞春等，2017
元宝山金矿	金矿石	石英Rb-Sr	256±14	成矿时代	段瑞春等，2017

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