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    特提斯喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆的岩石组合、构造特征与成因

    张林奎 张志 李光明 董随亮 夏祥标 梁维 付健刚 曹华文

    张林奎, 张志, 李光明, 董随亮, 夏祥标, 梁维, 付健刚, 曹华文, 2018. 特提斯喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆的岩石组合、构造特征与成因. 地球科学, 43(8): 2664-2683. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.141
    引用本文: 张林奎, 张志, 李光明, 董随亮, 夏祥标, 梁维, 付健刚, 曹华文, 2018. 特提斯喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆的岩石组合、构造特征与成因. 地球科学, 43(8): 2664-2683. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.141
    Zhang Linkui, Zhang Zhi, Li Guangming, Dong Suiliang, Xia Xiangbiao, Liang Wei, Fu Jiangang, Cao Huawen, 2018. Rock Assemblage, Structural Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of the Cuonadong Dome, Tethys Himalaya. Earth Science, 43(8): 2664-2683. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.141
    Citation: Zhang Linkui, Zhang Zhi, Li Guangming, Dong Suiliang, Xia Xiangbiao, Liang Wei, Fu Jiangang, Cao Huawen, 2018. Rock Assemblage, Structural Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of the Cuonadong Dome, Tethys Himalaya. Earth Science, 43(8): 2664-2683. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.141

    特提斯喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆的岩石组合、构造特征与成因

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.141
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160015

    国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC060308

    国家自然科学基金项目 41602214

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张林奎(1983-), 男, 高级工程师, 从事青藏高原地质研究工作.

      通讯作者:

      张志

    • 中图分类号: P54

    Rock Assemblage, Structural Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of the Cuonadong Dome, Tethys Himalaya

    • 摘要: 目前关于新近发现的错那洞穹隆的精细构造、岩石组成、变质变形运动学特征等方面均不清楚,严重阻碍了其演化历程的还原以及成穹与成矿耦合关系的解剖工作.在详实的野外地质调查基础上,补充采集了穹隆中新发现的岩浆岩进行年代学研究.结果表明,错那洞穹隆由上(边部)-中(幔部)-下(核部)3个构造层组成,分别以上、下拆离断层为分界线.核部岩石组合主要为片麻岩、淡色花岗岩以及少量深熔混合岩,可见大量伟晶岩脉穿插;幔部为古生界,岩石组合为一套强变质变形片岩夹碳酸盐岩,从内至外具有蓝晶石+十字石+石榴石+黑云母的蓝晶石带→十字石+石榴石+黑云母的十字石带→石榴石+堇青石+黑云母的石榴石带→绿泥石+黑云母的绿泥石带的巴罗式变质分带特征;边部主要为三叠纪-侏罗纪浅变质沉积岩系,岩石组合为一套砂板岩及少量千枚岩.穹隆内从早至晚经历了南北向逆冲推覆、南北向伸展、东西向伸展3期次的构造运动,穹隆的形成主要与南北向伸展作用有关.穹隆中岩浆活动从早至晚可见有早古生代片麻岩(约500 Ma)、中生代辉绿岩(140 Ma)、渐新世变形二云母花岗岩/伟晶岩(26 Ma)、中新世弱定向二云母花岗岩(18 Ma)、含石榴石电气石花岗岩(16.8~15.9 Ma)5期.综合研究表明,错那洞穹隆的形成是早期伸展拆离核杂岩叠加晚期岩浆底劈热穹隆综合作用的结果,成穹构造的初始阶段与始新世-渐新世藏南拆离系(STDS)的运动密切相关.

       

    • 图  1  喜马拉雅地质简图(a)及扎西康整装勘查区地质图(b)

      张志等(2017a)修改

      Fig.  1.  Generalized geological maps of Himalaya (a) and zhaxikang integrated exploration area (b)

      图  2  错那洞穹隆地质简图

      Fig.  2.  Generalized geological map of the Cuonadong dome

      图  3  错那洞穹隆核部典型岩石组合照片

      a.糜棱状片麻岩;b.糜棱状片麻岩;c.电气石石榴石细粒花岗岩穿切片麻岩;d.条带状片麻岩;e.糜棱状片麻岩镜下照片(+);f.糜棱状片麻岩镜下照片(+);g.条带状片麻岩

      Fig.  3.  Typical photos of the rocks composition in the center of the Cuonadong dome

      图  4  错那洞穹隆中构造层典型岩石组合照片

      a.十字石石榴石片岩;b.蓝晶石石榴石片岩;c.十字石石榴石片岩;d.石榴石二云母片岩;e.大理岩;f.大理岩中揉流构造;g.构造片岩中两期面理构造(+);h.片岩中石榴子石变斑晶(-).St.十字石;Ky.蓝晶石;Grt.石榴子石;Mb.大理岩;ρ.伟晶岩

      Fig.  4.  Typical photos of the rocks composition in the middle structure of the Cuonadong dome

      图  5  错那洞穹隆上构造层中发育不对称褶皱

      Fig.  5.  Typical photos of the asymmetric folds in the upper structure of the Cuonadong dome

      图  6  错那洞穹隆线理的野外特征

      a.含石榴石云母片岩中的拉伸线理,产状为168∠18°,记录了早期由北向南逆冲的特征;b.韧性剪切带中鞘褶皱的拉伸线理,产状为350∠20°,记录了由南向北的伸展特征;c.图b放大,鞘褶皱的XY面,显示平行于鞘褶皱X的拉伸线理,产状为350∠20°;d.含蓝晶石石榴石云母片岩,镜头方向为正南,面理产状为48∠15°,记录了近东西向伸展变形特征

      Fig.  6.  Field characteristics of the typical lineation in the Cuonadong dome

      图  7  错那洞穹隆构造变形特征

      a.错那洞穹隆上构造层中膝褶皱及轴面劈理;b.上构造层中不对称褶皱及轴面劈理,产状为145∠40°,石英脉呈一系列透镜体产出,指示向北伸展特征;c.中构造层中含蓝晶石石榴石十字石片岩的S-C组构,指示右旋剪切特征;d.中构造层中含蓝晶石石榴石十字石片岩中的S-C组构,指示左旋剪切特征;e.错那洞穹隆北部中构造层中鞘褶皱,镜头方向为鞘褶皱的YZ面;f.鞘褶皱的YZ面,呈圈闭的椭圆形;g.中构造层中含石榴石十字石片岩中的σ型旋转斑晶,指示右旋剪切特征;h.中构造层中含蓝晶石石榴石云母片岩中的σ型旋转斑晶,指示右旋剪切特征;i.中构造层中变形的伟晶岩,片岩和伟晶岩均发生强烈变形

      Fig.  7.  Tectonic deformation characteristics of the Cuonadong dome

      图  8  错那洞穹隆片麻岩锆石CL图像及锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图

      Fig.  8.  Cathodoluminescence images and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of the gneiss in the Cuonadong dome

      图  9  错那洞穹隆弱定向二云母花岗岩(a、b)与电气石石榴石花岗岩(c、d)锆石CL图像及锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图

      Fig.  9.  Cathodoluminescence images and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of the weak directional mica granite (a, b) and tourmaline garnet fine grained granite (c, d) in the Cuonadong dome

      表  1  错那洞穹隆片麻岩(PM01-B1)锆石年代学分析结果

      Table  1.   Zircon dating result of the gneiss (PM01-B1) in the Cuonadong dome

      分析点 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U
      PM01-B101 478.93 2 778.04 0.17 0.057 58 0.001 85 0.639 78 0.022 18 0.080 09 0.001 39 522.3 70.4 502.2 13.7 496.6 8.3
      PM01-B102 454.98 786.19 0.58 0.064 08 0.002 56 0.717 96 0.030 45 0.080 26 0.001 07 744.1 85.2 549.5 18.0 497.7 6.4
      PM01-B103 645.28 2 601.29 0.25 0.056 51 0.001 73 0.629 35 0.018 91 0.080 33 0.000 96 472.3 36.1 495.7 11.8 498.1 5.7
      PM01-B104 1 885.32 1 002.14 1.88 0.056 80 0.002 16 0.647 94 0.024 23 0.080 48 0.000 84 483.4 83.3 507.2 14.9 499.0 5.0
      PM01-B105 613.74 805.64 0.76 0.056 20 0.001 88 0.628 51 0.021 09 0.080 55 0.000 97 461.2 74.1 495.2 13.2 499.4 5.8
      PM01-B106 451.25 2 083.86 0.22 0.056 20 0.001 63 0.636 11 0.022 36 0.080 62 0.001 60 461.2 64.8 499.9 13.9 499.8 9.5
      PM01-B107 371.75 2 106.83 0.18 0.057 04 0.001 48 0.641 84 0.016 56 0.080 82 0.000 89 494.5 57.4 503.4 10.2 501.0 5.3
      PM01-B108 711.56 1 435.97 0.50 0.056 54 0.002 01 0.639 64 0.022 19 0.080 94 0.000 99 472.3 77.8 502.1 13.7 501.7 5.9
      PM01-B109 359.22 734.26 0.49 0.056 26 0.002 30 0.637 44 0.025 50 0.081 00 0.001 14 461.2 90.7 500.7 15.8 502.1 6.8
      PM01-B110 281.27 615.58 0.46 0.061 37 0.002 97 0.690 97 0.030 72 0.081 01 0.001 19 653.7 105.5 533.4 18.5 502.2 7.1
      PM01-B111 745.51 2 491.90 0.30 0.055 37 0.001 60 0.623 37 0.019 36 0.081 03 0.001 53 427.8 69.4 492.0 12.1 502.2 9.2
      PM01-B112 658.72 997.29 0.66 0.054 33 0.001 60 0.610 85 0.018 02 0.081 03 0.000 91 383.4 66.7 484.1 11.4 502.2 5.4
      PM01-B113 2704.11 4 812.12 0.56 0.057 97 0.001 47 0.655 08 0.019 46 0.081 06 0.001 46 527.8 55.5 511.6 11.9 502.5 8.7
      PM01-B114 144.35 306.67 0.47 0.057 96 0.002 66 0.650 74 0.030 54 0.081 17 0.001 17 527.8 97.2 508.9 18.8 503.1 7.0
      PM01-B115 352.20 523.37 0.67 0.060 31 0.003 05 0.673 70 0.030 64 0.081 21 0.001 39 613.0 109.2 523.0 18.6 503.3 8.3
      PM01-B116 370.52 517.52 0.72 0.055 98 0.002 49 0.632 68 0.027 27 0.081 30 0.001 11 450.0 98.1 497.8 17.0 503.9 6.6
      PM01-B117 204.77 584.41 0.35 0.052 95 0.002 59 0.598 19 0.027 05 0.081 61 0.001 24 327.8 111.1 476.1 17.2 505.7 7.4
      PM01-B118 489.71 911.10 0.54 0.058 94 0.002 17 0.661 26 0.024 65 0.080 65 0.001 01 564.9 79.6 515.4 15.1 500.0 6.0
      PM01-B119 271.33 393.43 0.69 0.061 63 0.003 12 0.692 97 0.033 35 0.080 69 0.001 37 661.1 108.2 534.6 20.0 500.2 8.2
      PM01-B120 160.17 430.94 0.37 0.063 38 0.002 83 0.712 69 0.031 71 0.080 82 0.001 06 720.4 89.8 546.3 18.8 501.0 6.3
      PM01-B121 290.32 1 149.74 0.25 0.055 33 0.001 92 0.616 60 0.020 63 0.079 92 0.000 82 433.4 77.8 487.7 13.0 495.6 4.9
      PM01-B122 247.80 723.97 0.34 0.056 49 0.002 23 0.629 39 0.024 38 0.079 96 0.001 14 472.3 91.7 495.7 15.2 495.9 6.8
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  片麻岩(PM01-B2)锆石年代学分析结果

      Table  2.   2Zircon dating result of the gneiss (PM01-B2) in the Cuonadong dome

      分析点 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U
      PM01-B201 98.60 254.96 0.39 0.052 76 0.002 77 0.588 53 0.02799 0.080 20 0.001 24 316.7 120.4 469.9 17.9 497.3 7.4
      PM01-B202 514.26 870.82 0.59 0.055 58 0.001 95 0.618 58 0.02152 0.080 32 0.000 95 435.2 77.8 489.0 13.5 498.0 5.7
      PM01-B203 988.81 726.81 1.36 0.059 30 0.001 77 0.665 96 0.01969 0.080 52 0.000 79 588.9 60.2 518.3 12.0 499.2 4.7
      PM01-B204 994.83 2 060.62 0.48 0.053 39 0.001 46 0.596 91 0.01617 0.080 62 0.000 86 346.4 61.1 475.3 10.3 499.8 5.2
      PM01-B205 267.32 530.96 0.50 0.053 43 0.002 41 0.596 90 0.02698 0.080 70 0.001 11 346.4 106.5 475.3 17.2 500.3 6.6
      PM01-B206 973.76 1 228.11 0.79 0.054 98 0.001 85 0.615 51 0.02037 0.080 71 0.000 93 413.0 69.4 487.0 12.8 500.4 5.5
      PM01-B207 409.45 600.09 0.68 0.060 45 0.003 03 0.672 84 0.03116 0.080 81 0.001 23 620.4 107.4 522.4 18.9 500.9 7.3
      PM01-B208 863.71 1 645.50 0.52 0.061 00 0.002 21 0.687 27 0.02273 0.080 83 0.000 90 638.9 77.8 531.2 13.7 501.1 5.4
      PM01-B209 253.42 249.46 1.02 0.054 50 0.003 96 0.611 55 0.04651 0.080 87 0.001 60 390.8 162.9 484.5 29.3 501.3 9.6
      PM01-B210 278.97 495.79 0.56 0.055 43 0.002 50 0.619 91 0.02692 0.080 92 0.000 93 427.8 101.8 489.8 16.9 501.6 5.5
      PM01-B211 613.04 1 993.53 0.31 0.054 11 0.001 59 0.606 84 0.01722 0.080 93 0.000 88 376.0 64.8 481.6 10.9 501.7 5.2
      PM01-B212 709.15 3 220.44 0.22 0.056 45 0.001 77 0.636 08 0.02213 0.080 94 0.001 31 477.8 70.4 499.9 13.7 501.7 7.8
      PM01-B213 340.75 546.37 0.62 0.057 70 0.002 68 0.646 67 0.02893 0.080 94 0.001 20 516.7 101.8 506.4 17.8 501.8 7.2
      PM01-B214 340.81 790.76 0.43 0.052 97 0.002 06 0.593 22 0.02249 0.080 97 0.001 03 327.8 88.9 472.9 14.3 501.9 6.1
      PM01-B215 136.29 375.86 0.36 0.054 91 0.002 54 0.621 69 0.02936 0.080 98 0.001 11 409.3 103.7 490.9 18.4 502.0 6.6
      PM01-B216 479.80 1 665.20 0.29 0.055 86 0.001 56 0.627 20 0.01687 0.081 03 0.000 83 455.6 63.0 494.4 10.5 502.3 5.0
      PM01-B217 308.06 517.47 0.60 0.054 90 0.002 62 0.614 86 0.02785 0.081 04 0.001 08 409.3 112.0 486.6 17.5 502.3 6.4
      PM01-B218 490.46 932.11 0.53 0.053 90 0.002 10 0.606 99 0.02296 0.081 08 0.001 00 364.9 88.9 481.7 14.5 502.5 6.0
      PM01-B219 968.09 1 475.73 0.66 0.055 13 0.001 64 0.623 42 0.01812 0.081 20 0.000 82 416.7 66.7 492.0 11.3 503.3 4.9
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  弱定向二云母花岗岩(DD2017-B1)锆石年代学分析结果

      Table  3.   Zircon dating results of the weak directional mica granite (DD2017-B1) in the Cuonadong dome

      分析点 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U
      DD2017-B501 359.949 7 8 167.607 0.04 0.047 65 0.000 73 0.018 14 0.000 28 0.002 76 0.000 02 83.4 30.6 18.3 0.3 17.8 0.1
      DD2017-B502 325.766 1 8 452.618 0.04 0.048 92 0.000 82 0.018 75 0.000 33 0.002 77 0.000 02 142.7 38.9 18.9 0.3 17.8 0.1
      DD2017-B503 179.616 6 6 248.751 0.03 0.048 06 0.000 90 0.018 34 0.000 33 0.002 77 0.000 02 101.9 44.4 18.5 0.3 17.8 0.1
      DD2017-B504 173.698 8 5 091.655 0.03 0.047 47 0.001 09 0.018 22 0.000 42 0.002 78 0.000 02 72.3 55.6 18.3 0.4 17.9 0.1
      DD2017-B505 295.644 0 9 464.237 0.03 0.046 62 0.000 67 0.018 09 0.000 26 0.002 81 0.000 02 27.9 37.0 18.2 0.3 18.1 0.1
      DD2017-B506 476.932 5 1 0838.560 0.04 0.046 77 0.000 70 0.018 20 0.000 27 0.002 82 0.000 02 39.0 -163.9 18.3 0.3 18.1 0.1
      DD2017-B507 157.371 0 5 582.908 0.03 0.047 55 0.000 96 0.018 58 0.000 39 0.002 83 0.000 03 76.0 48.1 18.7 0.4 18.2 0.2
      DD2017-B508 400.512 4 1 0358.350 0.04 0.046 87 0.000 72 0.018 35 0.000 28 0.002 83 0.000 02 42.7 37.0 18.5 0.3 18.2 0.1
      DD2017-B509 351.089 1 1 0763.430 0.03 0.047 35 0.000 76 0.018 53 0.000 29 0.002 83 0.000 02 77.9 38.9 18.6 0.3 18.2 0.1
      DD2017-B510 216.997 4 6 972.365 0.03 0.046 71 0.000 78 0.018 30 0.000 30 0.002 84 0.000 02 35.3 37.0 18.4 0.3 18.3 0.1
      DD2017-B511 327.150 7 9 102.487 0.04 0.046 24 0.000 80 0.018 35 0.000 31 0.002 87 0.000 02 9.4 40.7 18.5 0.3 18.5 0.1
      DD2017-B512 264.342 2 7 643.585 0.03 0.045 36 0.000 77 0.018 05 0.000 30 0.002 88 0.000 02 / / 18.2 0.3 18.5 0.1
      DD2017-B513 231.729 9 4 902.503 0.05 0.049 71 0.001 49 0.019 81 0.000 61 0.002 88 0.000 03 189.0 70.4 19.9 0.6 18.6 0.2
      DD2017-B514 239.967 7 3 357.240 0.07 0.044 94 0.001 11 0.017 93 0.000 45 0.002 89 0.000 02 / / 18.0 0.4 18.6 0.1
      DD2017-B515 179.123 9 55 11.921 0.03 0.046 22 0.000 99 0.018 43 0.000 38 0.002 89 0.000 02 9.4 51.8 18.5 0.4 18.6 0.1
      DD2017-B516 379.709 8 12 467.080 0.03 0.045 63 0.000 68 0.018 34 0.000 28 0.002 91 0.000 02 / / 18.4 0.3 18.7 0.1
      DD2017-B517 205.222 4 5 357.011 0.04 0.047 17 0.000 96 0.018 90 0.000 38 0.002 91 0.000 02 57.5 48.1 19.0 0.4 18.7 0.1
      DD2017-B518 277.135 8 7 781.116 0.04 0.047 36 0.000 78 0.019 11 0.000 38 0.002 91 0.000 03 77.9 36.1 19.2 0.4 18.7 0.2
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  电气石石榴石细粒花岗岩(D1126-B1)锆石年代学分析结果

      Table  4.   Zircon dating results of the tourmaline garnet fine grained granite (D1126-B1) in the Cuonadong dome

      分析点 含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U
      D1126-B101 1 260.13 31 548.35 0.04 0.046 05 0.000 83 0.015 19 0.000 21 0.002 39 0.000 03 / / 15.3 0.2 15.4 0.4
      D1126-B102 665.34 19 358.87 0.03 0.046 48 0.001 7 0.015 81 0.000 52 0.002 47 0.000 04 23 77 15.9 0.5 15.9 0.4
      D1126-B103 77.08 6 814.39 0.01 0.049 25 0.001 9 0.016 72 0.000 61 0.002 46 0.000 03 160 90 16.8 0.6 15.9 0.4
      D1126-B104 211.76 6 983.56 0.03 0.046 05 0.001 48 0.016 13 0.000 49 0.002 54 0.000 03 / / 16.2 0.5 16.4 0.4
      D1126-B105 82.30 6 677.76 0.01 0.047 05 0.001 93 0.015 82 0.000 62 0.002 44 0.000 03 52 89 15.9 0.6 15.7 0.4
      D1126-B106 117.56 7 145.29 0.02 0.046 05 0.000 73 0.016 0 0.000 19 0.002 52 0.000 03 / / 16.1 0.2 16.2 0.4
      D1126-B107 2 248.67 46 173.27 0.05 0.046 05 0.000 96 0.014 78 0.000 26 0.002 33 0.000 03 / / 14.9 0.3 15.0 0.4
      D1126-B108 62.79 3 658.22 0.02 0.050 75 0.003 2 0.018 24 0.001 12 0.002 61 0.000 04 230 146 18.0 1.0 16.8 0.4
      D1126-B109 63.24 3 953.27 0.02 0.046 05 0.001 01 0.015 84 0.000 28 0.002 50 0.000 03 / / 16.0 0.3 16.1 0.4
      D1126-B110 186.94 13 115.32 0.01 0.048 23 0.001 51 0.016 67 0.000 49 0.002 51 0.000 03 110 73 16.8 0.5 16.1 0.4
      D1126-B111 155.78 7 546.52 0.02 0.046 66 0.001 52 0.015 30 0.000 46 0.002 38 0.000 03 32 69 15.4 0.5 15.3 0.4
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    • 收稿日期:  2018-03-10
    • 刊出日期:  2018-08-15

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