Formation Conditions and Prospecting Prediction of Tuguanzhai Ion-Adsorption Type REE Deposit in Tengchong-Lianghe Area
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摘要: 滇西腾冲-梁河地区是近年来寻找离子吸附型稀土矿床的热点地区，但关于该类型矿床在滇西高海拔地区的控矿因素、形成条件等研究接近空白.通过分析土官寨稀土矿床的风化壳结构、矿体垂向-走向变化特征，总结了区域成矿地质条件和找矿标志.滇西腾冲-梁河地区与花岗岩有关的离子吸附型稀土矿主要受控于母岩稀土元素丰度和地形，"高山丘陵区"和"盆-山过渡带"内的"低山丘陵区"是有利成矿地形区.基于上述认识，对江东地区开展了小范围找矿预测，取得了良好的找矿效果.Abstract: Tengchong-Lianghe area in western Yunnan is becoming a hot area for ion-adsorption type REE deposit prospecting.However, there is few study on the ore-controlling factors and formation conditions of this type of deposit in high altitude areas in western Yunnan.In this paper, we have analyzed the composition of weathering crust and the variation of orebody in vertical-strike of Tuguanzhai deposit.We consider that the ion-adsorption type REE deposit is controlled by REE of parent rock and topography.The mountainous and hilly regions and low mountains and hills are favorable mineralization regions.8 favorable areas which have satisfactory ore-prospecting results have been found in Jiangdong area, indicating the effectiveness of the prospecting method.
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Key words:
- western Yunnan /
- ion-adsorption type /
- REE deposit /
- metallogenic condition /
- prospecting prediction /
- ore deposit
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图 1 滇西土官寨稀土矿区地质图
图a据潘桂堂等(2009)修改.Ⅶ-5-1.拉达克-南冈底斯-下察隅-铜壁关岩浆弧；Ⅶ-5-2-1.腾冲-梁河岩浆杂岩及陆内滞后火山弧(T-N)；Ⅶ-5-2-2.高黎贡山活化基地残块-岩浆杂岩带；Ⅶ-8-1.耿马被动陆缘(-T2)；Ⅶ-8-2.保山碳酸盐台地(-T2)；Ⅶ-8-3.耿马被动陆缘(Z-T2)；Ⅶ-4-5.昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带(Pz2)；Ⅶ-2-9.碧罗雪山-崇山岩浆弧(P-T).Qhal.第四系淤泥、砂、砾；K1ηγb.早白垩世中粒黑云母二长花岗岩
Fig. 1. The geological map of Tuguanzhai deposit area in western Yunnan
图 3 研究区样品的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式
母岩样品数据邹光富等(2014)
Fig. 3. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern of samples in the study area
图 4 风化壳稀土氧化物总量(TREEO)垂向变化
Fig. 4. Vertical distribution of characteristic parameters showing TREEO in weathering crust
图 5 钻孔风化壳厚度与矿体厚度关系
Fig. 5. The comparison of thickness of bored weathering crust and orebody thickness
图 6 滇西土官寨稀土矿区地形与花岗岩风化壳关系示意图
Fig. 6. The schematic drawing of the relation between terrain and the thickness of weathering granite of Tuguanzhai deposit area in western Yunnan
图 7 地形地貌对离子吸附型稀土矿床的控制作用示意图
Fig. 7. The schematic drawing of the controlling effect of terrain and geomorphic condition to the ion-adsorption type REE deposit
表 1 土官寨矿区稀土元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1. The REE (10-6) results of composite sample in Tuguanzhan deposit area
样品 TCZ007-ZH1 TCZ007-ZH2 TCZ007-ZH3 TCZ007-ZH4 TCZ007-ZH5 TCZ007-ZH6 TCZ007-ZH7 TCZ007-ZH8 La 215.14 382.76 213.50 160.73 173.51 169.65 179.21 177.80 Ce 292.22 284.47 287.52 278.53 297.17 285.78 293.90 310.43 Pr 44.16 74.00 40.91 31.20 34.16 32.07 33.52 34.34 Nd 175.02 279.21 164.02 127.06 135.13 125.89 131.43 136.49 Sm 22.03 50.40 30.44 21.32 22.59 20.24 20.50 21.35 Eu 2.21 6.10 3.63 2.41 2.51 2.30 2.48 2.54 Gd 13.25 40.16 28.81 18.16 19.05 16.65 16.93 17.43 Tb 1.13 4.67 4.32 2.38 2.51 2.00 1.99 2.04 Dy 4.33 21.70 23.39 11.99 12.32 9.52 9.11 9.54 Ho 0.79 4.04 4.44 2.24 2.23 1.72 1.66 1.73 Er 2.58 11.05 11.67 5.95 5.82 4.51 4.45 4.57 Tm 0.31 1.40 1.40 0.73 0.69 0.51 0.51 0.54 Yb 2.43 9.51 8.99 4.89 4.65 3.35 3.45 3.70 Lu 0.24 1.02 0.93 0.48 0.46 0.34 0.36 0.36 Y 16.43 101.74 136.75 63.13 59.73 40.67 41.76 43.35 LREE 94.76 84.65 77.03 84.97 86.09 88.92 89.18 89.13 HREE 5.2 15.4 23.0 15.0 13.9 1.1 10.8 10.9 δEu 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.40 0.39 LREE/HREE 18.09 5.51 3.35 5.65 6.19 8.02 8.24 8.20 ∑REE 792.27 1 272.22 960.72 731.18 772.53 715.19 741.25 766.22 TREEO 917.58 1 473.45 1 112.67 846.82 894.71 828.31 858.49 887.41 注：测试单位为西南冶金地质测试所；测试仪器为美国PE公司Nex ION 300x ICP-MS. 
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表 2 滇西腾冲-梁河地区主要期次中酸性侵入岩的稀土元素总量
Table 2. The ∑REE of acidic-intermediate intrusive rock of Tengchong-Lianghe area in western Yunnan
测区花岗岩 ∑REE(10-6) 平均值(10-6) LREE/HREE 资料来源 三叠纪花岗岩 88.21~506.96 261.20 2.15~8.64 邹光富等(2011) 白垩纪花岗岩 花岗岩 62.20~697.54 268.04 1.64~9.57 罗改等(2012)；邹光富等(2014) 花岗闪长岩 165.24~477.93 260.88 2.97~12.83 毛琼等(2016) 闪长岩 175.86~226.08 199.79 1.87~3.40 高永娟等(2014a) 合计 62.20~697.54 265.83 1.64~12.83 古近纪花岗岩 158.85~304.26 260.40 2.96~6.37 高永娟等(2014b) 新岐花岗岩(百花脑) 67.80~412.19 215.07 0.34~10.63 周新平等(2015) 邦棍尖山花岗岩(龙安) 260.31~809.59 421.00 3.08~8.99 巫嘉德(2014)
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