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    西藏冈底斯中段恰功多金属矿床成矿流体性质与演化

    李应栩 李光明 谢玉玲 张丽 刘保顺 李腊梅

    李应栩, 李光明, 谢玉玲, 张丽, 刘保顺, 李腊梅, 2018. 西藏冈底斯中段恰功多金属矿床成矿流体性质与演化. 地球科学, 43(8): 2684-2700. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.170
    引用本文: 李应栩, 李光明, 谢玉玲, 张丽, 刘保顺, 李腊梅, 2018. 西藏冈底斯中段恰功多金属矿床成矿流体性质与演化. 地球科学, 43(8): 2684-2700. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.170
    Li Yingxu, Li Guangming, Xie Yuling, Zhang Li, Liu Baoshun, Li Lamei, 2018. Properties and Evolution Path of Ore-Forming Fluid in Qiagong Polymetallic Deposit of Middle Gangdese in Tibet, China. Earth Science, 43(8): 2684-2700. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.170
    Citation: Li Yingxu, Li Guangming, Xie Yuling, Zhang Li, Liu Baoshun, Li Lamei, 2018. Properties and Evolution Path of Ore-Forming Fluid in Qiagong Polymetallic Deposit of Middle Gangdese in Tibet, China. Earth Science, 43(8): 2684-2700. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.170

    西藏冈底斯中段恰功多金属矿床成矿流体性质与演化

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.170
    基金项目: 

    国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC0600308

    国家自然科学基金项目 41702086

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160015

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      李应栩(1982-), 男, 工程师, 博士, 主要从事地质矿产调查与成矿预测研究工作

      通讯作者:

      谢玉玲

    • 中图分类号: P611

    Properties and Evolution Path of Ore-Forming Fluid in Qiagong Polymetallic Deposit of Middle Gangdese in Tibet, China

    • 摘要: 目前对于中冈底斯成矿带上的矿床的研究主要在地质特征、成矿时代和成矿岩体成因方面,而对于其形成过程尤其是成矿流体演化方面的详细研究报道较少.该成矿带上的恰功多金属矿床代表了主碰撞期的成矿作用,其矿化形式包括矽卡岩型的铁(铜)、热液脉型铅锌银(铜)和碳酸盐交代型铅锌银3种.通过野外地质调查和镜下岩矿相观察,可将该矿床的形成过程划分为(Ⅰ)石榴石-磁铁矿复合阶段、(Ⅱ)绿帘石-磁铁矿阶段、(Ⅲ)石英-赤铁矿阶段、(Ⅳ)萤石-黄铜矿阶段、(Ⅴ)方解石-方铅矿-闪锌矿阶段和(Ⅵ)方解石-石英6个成矿阶段.对代表成矿各阶段的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、显微激光拉曼、质子激发X荧光光谱分析等,结果显示成矿流体从早期到晚期温度、压力、密度和盐度不断降低,兼有渐变和突变,流体相主要成分由早期H2O-NaCl(Ⅰ-Ⅱ)经中期H2O-NaCl-FeCl2-3±MgCl2(Ⅲ)和H2O-CO2-NaCl(Ⅳ)向晚期H2O-NaCl-CaCl2(Ⅴ&Ⅵ)变化.期间铜的沉淀主要与Ⅳ阶段流体沸腾有关,铅锌的沉淀可能与Ⅴ阶段温度降低有关,也可能为叠加矿化的结果.

       

    • 图  1  西藏冈底斯弧背断隆带多金属矿床分布

      Zhu et al.(2011)段志明等(2014)修改.LMF.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带; ZCF.扎日南木错-措麦断裂带; YNJF.永珠-纳木错-嘉黎断裂带

      Fig.  1.  The distribution of polymetallic deposits in Gangdese back arc fault uplift belt of Tibetan Plateau

      图  2  恰功多金属矿矿区地质简图

      谢玉玲等(2009)李应栩等(2011)修改

      Fig.  2.  Geological sketch of Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      图  3  恰功多金属矿床矿石及其围岩照片

      a.角砾状磁铁矿石,石榴石矽卡岩胶结磁铁矿角砾;b.含铜磁铁矿化石榴石矽卡岩;c.矽卡岩化塔克那组东部铜铅锌矿赋矿断裂;d.包裹于块状方铅矿中的黄铜矿和萤石

      Fig.  3.  Photos of ores and wallrock of Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      图  4  恰功多金属矿成矿阶段

      Fig.  4.  Mineralization stages of Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      图  5  恰功多金属矿床成矿流体包裹体岩相照片(a~f)及ADV类LRM分析谱图(g~i)

      a.石英中的AV类流体包裹体;b.石榴石中的AV类流体包裹体;c.石英中的AV类流体包裹体群;d.石英中的非均一捕获AC类流体包裹体群;e.萤石中的非均一捕获AC类流体包裹体群被后期AV类流体包裹体群切割;f.含少量CO2的ADV类流体包裹体;g.石英子晶LRM谱图;h.水溶液相LRM谱图;i.气泡相LRM谱图

      Fig.  5.  Petrographic photos of fluid inclusions in ores of Qiagong polymetallic deposit (a-f) and LRM results of ADV type (g-i)

      图  6  恰功铅锌矿体中AV类流体包裹体的均一温度和频数分布直方图

      Fig.  6.  Frequency histogram for homogenization temperature of AV type fluid inclusions in lead-zinc ores of Qiagong

      图  7  恰功矿床AV类包裹体PIXE扫描图片及显微照片

      Fig.  7.  PIXE mapping and micrography of AV type fluid inclusions of Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      图  8  恰功多金属矿萤石-黄铜矿阶段非均一捕获流体包裹体群等容线法温压图解

      Fig.  8.  Temperature and pressure diagram of iso-Th line for inhomogeneous trapping F.I.A.at fluorite-chalcopyrite stage of Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      图  9  恰功多金属矿床流体演化路径

      Fig.  9.  Evolution path of ore-forming fluid in Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      表  1  恰功多金属矿流体包裹体显微测温结果

      Table  1.   The fluid inclusion microthermometric results of Qiagong polymetallic deposit

      类型 矿物 矿物组合 所属阶段 尺寸(μm) 气相充填度(%) 数量(个) Tm(CO2) Te Tm(ice) Th(CO2) Th(L-V) Tm 均一方式
      (℃)
      ADV 石榴石 石榴石矽卡岩磁铁矿矿石 4~8 25 5 401~410 319~328 L
      绿帘石 绿帘石矽卡岩 8~12 20~25 5 391~405 301~320 L
      石英 含粒状石英透辉石矽卡岩 8~13 20~25 7 372~382 227~232 L
      AC 石英 石英-赤铁矿脉 12~15 25~40 8 -56.6 -37.8 -1.2~3.5 278~318 L
      萤石 萤石-黄铜矿矿石 20~45 15~20 10 -59.5 4.7~6.9 26.7~29.1 233破裂
      22~32 25~40 8 -57.8 5.3~5.6 26.2~26.5 212破裂
      19~35 45~60 9 -56.6 6.4~8.3 24.9~27.9 220破裂
      15~21 60~80 12 -56.6 4.4~4.6 24.9~26.9 235破裂
      12~16 >90 12 -59.6 4.5~5.0 24.5~25.3 215破裂
      石英 含石英萤石-黄铜矿矿石 12~15 15~20 15 -58.6 4.2~6.9 271~277 L
      11~12 25~40 8 -57.6 5.0~5.8 288~310 L
      11~12 45~60 12 -58.5 -6.7~8.0 340~342 L部分气相扩大后临界
      11~13 60~80 5 -59.2 5.0~5.5 290~327 V
      8~10 >90 3 -56.6 4.3~5.5 267~283 V
      石榴石 含赤铁矿石榴石矽卡岩 S 8 25~30 2 -57.5 -36.9 -0.3~0.5 310~323
      C 萤石 含石英萤石-黄铜矿矿石 15 / 1 -56.9 24.6
      石英 含石英萤石-黄铜矿矿石 9 / 1 -56.8 24.6
      AV 石英 石英-黄铁矿 7~12 20~25 11 -20.8~-21.6 -2.0~-4.1 219~239
      含石英方解石铅锌矿石 8~12 15~20 81 -26.2~-29.8 -2.6~-5.1 161~279
      石英-方解石脉 9~13 8~15 15 -21.3~-52.3 -1.5~-4.2 50~210
      方解石 含石英方解石铅锌矿石 7~12 15~20 79 -26.2~-29.8 -2.6~-5.1 168~283
      石英-方解石脉 9~12 8~15 14 -21.5~-50.6 -1.5~-4.2 55~208
      石榴石 含方解石石榴石矽卡岩 S 9~12 15~25 10 -23.0~-41.0 -7.5~-16.5 318~362
      萤石 含石英萤石-黄铜矿矿石 S 6~9 10~15 10 -26.8~30.3 -1.1~-2.0 240~251
      注:S.次生相;L.液相;V.气相.所属阶段指所测流体包裹体代表的阶段,见正文描述.
      下载: 导出CSV
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