Gas-Bearing Characteristics and Origin Analysis of Shale Gas in Longtan Formation, Permian, Shaoyang Sag, Central Hunan
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摘要: 针对湘中地区邵阳凹陷二叠系龙潭组页岩气资源评价，部署了页岩气调查井2015H-D3井，通过现场解析气等相关样品测试定量分析了页岩含气性特征及其影响因素，并借助气体稳定碳、氢同位素对气体成因进行了初步探讨.结果显示：钻深从150 m处开始出现气显，随深度增加，解析气含量呈现先逐渐增大后减小的趋势，300~425 m为最高含气层段，累计厚度达125 m，现场解析气含量全部大于0.5 m3/t，最高为2.35 m3/t，平均1 m3/t，证实龙潭组具良好页岩气资源潜力.当埋深大于300 m时，解析气含量受有机碳含量控制，而埋深小于300 m时，解析气含量并不简单受控于有机碳含量，而是受到保存条件的严重制约.气体碳、氢同位素测试显示δ13C1介于-29.87‰~-36.82‰，平均为-34.52‰，δ13C2介于-29.45‰~-31.02‰，平均为-30.09‰，δD1介于-131.20‰~-178.40‰，平均为-167.40‰.气体成因分析揭示龙潭组页岩气属热成因中的油型气类型.基于沉积现象判断龙潭组为海陆过渡相环境，与氢同位素判断结果基本吻合，但目前还无法确定具体判定区间.Abstract: In order to evaluate shale gas resources potential in the Permian Longtan Formation, Shaoyang sag, Central Hunan, a shale gas survey well-2015H-D3 was done in this study. The gas-bearing properties and its influencing factors were quantitatively analyzed by the well on-site desorption with other related tests, combined with gas stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes, preliminary discussion on the origin of hydrocarbon gas is made. The gas logging values become abnormal from the depth of 150 m, and the gas content of desorption firstly increases gradually and then decreases with the increase of depth. 300-425 m is the highest gas-bearing zone, with a cumulative thickness of 125 m. The gas content of desorption is all over 0.5 m3/t, the highest value is 2.35 m3/t, with an average value of 1 m3/t, indicating that the Longtan Formation has a good potential for shale gas exploration. The gas content of desorption is controlled by organic carbon content while the depth is more than 300 m, and the desorption gas content is not simply constrained by organic carbon content but rather restricted by the preservation conditions while the buried depth is less than 300 m. The gas carbon isotope test shows that δ13C1 is between -29.87‰ and -36.82‰ with the average value of -34.52‰, δ13C2 is between -29.45‰ and -31.02‰ with the average value of -30.09‰, and δD1 is between -131.2‰ and -178.4‰ with the average value of -167.4‰. The gas origin analysis reveals that the shale gas in Longtan Formation belongs to the type of oil source gas in thermal genesis. It can be determined that the Longtan Formation is the transitional environment through sedimentary phenomena, which is consistent with the results of hydrogen isotope, but it is still unable to determine the specific judgment interval.
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Key words:
- Central Hunan /
- Longtan Formation /
- transitional facies /
- shale gas /
- carbon and hydrogen isotopes
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图 1 湘中邵阳凹陷地层分布及钻井位置
Fig. 1. Stratigraphic distribution and drilling location map of Shaoyang sag in Central Hunan
图 2 龙潭组典型岩心照片
a.上段细砂岩，顺层分布大量星点状黄铁矿；b.粉砂岩中的小型槽状交错层理；c.暗色泥岩，可见构造挤压形成的镜面构造；d.泥岩中广泛分布的厚度不等的菱铁矿层，发育丰富的纵向石英脉；e.泥质粉砂岩底面重荷模；f.含粉砂页岩与暗色页岩频繁互层，水平韵律层发育；g.暗色泥岩，见零星植物化石碎片
Fig. 2. Typical core photos of Longtan Formation
图 3 页岩气调查井2015H-D3井龙潭组综合柱状图
Fig. 3. Comprehensive column of Longtan Formation in 2015H-D3 well
图 4 解析气含量与有机碳含量相关性
Fig. 4. Correlation analysis of gas content and organic carbon content
图 5 解析气含量与页岩有机地化指标、矿物组成及孔渗条件的相关性分析
Fig. 5. Correlation analysis between gas content of on-site desorption and organic geochemical indexes, mineral composition and porosity and permeability of shale
图 6 甲烷碳同位素值与氢同位素相关性分析图
Fig. 6. Correlation analysis between methane carbon isotope value and hydrogen isotope
表 1 龙潭组不同埋深页岩气碳氢同位素数据
Table 1. Hydrocarbon isotope data of shale gas in different depths in Longtan Formation
样品
序号取样深度
(m)δ13CvPDB
(甲烷，‰)δ13CvPDB
(乙烷，‰)δDvSMOW
(甲烷，‰)δDvSMOW
(乙烷，‰)备注 1 313.0 -33.80 -30.13 / / 2 352.0 -33.57 -29.68 / / 3 357.0 -33.35 -30.13 / / 4 358.0 -33.14 -30.07 / / 5 369.0 -33.60 -31.02 / / 6 371.0 -33.72 -30.66 / / 7 376.0 -33.75 -29.95 / / 8 391.0 -33.59 -29.58 -161.2 -156.7 9 399.0 -29.87 / -131.2 -137.8 10 400.6 -33.10 -30.08 -162.4 -156.0 11 403.0 -32.94 -29.45 -157.0 -157.6 12 407.4 -34.14 -29.87 -162.2 -161.8 13 409.6 -34.17 -29.79 -166.7 -167.2 14 458.0 -35.01 -30.09 -173.4 -171.2 15 460.6 -35.14 -29.56 -169.8 -158.6 16 463.6 -35.17 -29.75 -171.1 -183.1 17 466.6 -35.48 -30.44 -163.7 / 乙烷含量很低 18 469.6 -35.75 -30.82 -175.3 -168.6 19 475.6 -35.77 -30.24 -174.3 -165.4 20 481.6 -35.65 -30.43 -175.6 -175.9 21 484.6 -35.72 -30.23 -171.0 -161.4 22 487.6 -36.82 / -164.2 / 有机气体很少 23 490.6 -36.23 -30.33 -178.3 -174.6 24 495.6 -36.40 -29.80 -178.4 -170.0 25 501.8 -35.49 -30.03 -177.9 -183.1 26 507.0 -36.15 -30.05 -166.7 -181.8 
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