The Neogene Extra-Super Heavy Oil Reservoir Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in Liaodong Bay Depression
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摘要: 辽东湾坳陷新近系河流相块状特-超稠油油藏模式极其特殊，具有弧形的外含油边界和波状起伏的油水界面，油水关系复杂，出现了大型的油水倒置现象.通过对储层物性和含油性、岩石薄片、流体包裹体荧光观察和饱和烃芳烃色-质谱等资料的研究表明：这种特殊的油藏模式受储层渗透率分布的影响，研究区在垂向上自下而上河道滞留、心滩和河漫滩三种沉积微相以河道形式依次叠置，呈现出旋回性特征；在河漫滩和心滩顶部，以及多期河道滞留沉积微相叠加形成的厚层粗碎屑段，由于较高泥质含量及粗粒碎屑沉积的影响，发育渗透率相对较差的层段，形成不同规模的“物性分隔层”，成为储层含油性和原油地球化学特征规律性变化的边界.Abstract: The Neogene fluvial massive extra-super heavy oil reservoir in Liaodong Bay depression is extremely special, characterized by the arc oil boundary, undulation of the oil-water interface, complex oil-water relation, and large scale oil-water relation inversion. In this paper, reservoir physical properties and oil saturation, thin section, fluid inclusions fluorescence observation, saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon gas chromatography mass spectrometry have been studied. Results show that this special reservoir model is controlled by the distribution characteristics of reservoir permeability. In the vertical direction, there are three sedimentary micro-facies in the study area:channel lag deposit, central bar and flood plain, which overlap each other in the form of multi-channel rivers, showing the characteristics of cyclicity. On the top of flood plain and central bar, and the thick layer coarse clastic segment formed by multi-stage channel lag deposit, relatively poor permeability is formed because of the high content of mud and coarser clastic deposits, resulting in "physical separation layers" of different scales, which become the boundary of both oil saturation property and geochemical characteristics regular change of crude oil.
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图 2 特‒超稠油油藏含油范围与构造等值线叠合图
a.L1油田，断块圈闭馆陶组油层顶面构造图; b.L2油田, 背斜圈闭馆陶组油层顶面构造图
Fig. 2. Extra-super heavy oil reservoir outer oil-bearing boundary and tectonic contour overlap maps
图 3 L1-1井特‒超稠油油水关系垂向分布特征
Fig. 3. Oil-water relation vertical distribution characteristics of extra-super heavy oil in Well L1-1
图 4 新近系（L1-1井和L2-1井）储层物性和含油饱和度关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between reservoir physical properties and oil saturation of Neogene(L1-1 and L2-1 wells)
图 5 新近系（L1-1井）储层偏度和泥质含量与渗透率的关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between reservoir skewness and shale content and permeability of Neogene (Well L1-1)
图 6 明化镇组和馆陶组储层铸体薄片镜下特征（L1-1井）
a. 882.21 m，河漫滩沉积，泥质粉砂岩，水层，渗透率63.1×10-3 μm2，未见孔隙; b. 894.40 m，心滩顶部沉积，细砂岩，水层，渗透率755.3× 10-3 μm2，孔隙度32.2%; c. 895.60 m，心滩顶部沉积，粉‒细砂岩，水层，渗透率297.32×10-3 μm2，孔隙度31.4%; d. 955.61 m，河道沉积，细‒中砂岩，含油水层，渗透率394.6×10-3 μm2，孔隙度28.7%; e. 966.32 m，河道沉积，中‒粗砂岩, 含油水层，渗透率214.0×10-3 μm2，孔隙度27.7%; f. 956.12 m，河道沉积，中‒粗砂岩, 水层，渗透率594.8×10-3 μm2，孔隙度26.9%; g. 960.89 m，河道沉积，含砾粗砂岩, 含油水层，渗透率858.0×10-3 μm2，孔隙度27.0%; h. 925.11 m，河道沉积，中‒粗砂岩, 油层，渗透率2 548.0×10-3 μm2，孔隙度31.2%. i. 1 038.52 m，河道沉积，中‒粗砂岩, 油层，渗透率2 046.7×10-3 μm2，孔隙度29.5%.图a~c为明化镇组“物性分隔层”内样品，图d~g为大型油水关系倒置带内的样品，图h和i分别为明化镇组和馆陶组油层的样品；图中标注的孔渗数据为岩心样品实测结果，均通过覆压孔渗换算至地下条件
Fig. 6. Casting thin-section characteristics under microscope of Minghuazhen and Guantao formations(Well L1-1)
图 7 L2-1井河道沉积旋回期次划分和岩心含油饱和度特征
Fig. 7. Division of channel sedimentary cycles and characteristics of core oil saturation of Well L2-1
图 8 新近系（L1-1井）储层渗透率与原油降解程度关系
Fig. 8. Relationship between permeability and biodegradation degree of Neogene(Well L1-1)
图 9 明化镇组和馆陶组油层段（L1-1井）地化参数变化特征
Fig. 9. Geochemical parameter variation characteristics in oil bed of Minghuazhen and Guantao formations (Well L1-1)
图 10 两期辫状河道沉积剖面地质模式
据葛云龙等（1998）修改
Fig. 10. Geological model of two braided channel sediment profiles
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