Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Implications of Late Devonian Quartz Diorite Porphyry in Dunbasitao Area, Northern Margin of East Junggar Basin, Xinjiang
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摘要: 新疆顿巴斯套矿区石英闪长玢岩的研究对厘清古亚洲洋晚泥盆世的演化具有重要意义.新疆顿巴斯套矿区石英闪长玢岩位于东准噶尔盆地北缘，为确定其岩浆侵入活动时限和岩石成因，讨论准噶尔地块北侧的古亚洲洋在晚古生代早期的俯冲作用，开展锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素地球化学，全岩主微量元素地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究.矿区内石英闪长玢岩单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为378±2 Ma，指示晚泥盆世岩浆活动.石英闪长玢岩全岩SiO2含量为54.94%~68.64%，富Na2O（平均含量为4.34%），Na2O/K2O为1.19~2.72，里特曼指数（σ）大多小于3.3，Fe2O3T含量为2.23%~5.65%、MgO含量为0.81%~2.77%、Al2O3含量为14.31%~16.99%，TiO2含量为0.32%~1.02%，CaO含量为2.58%~4.97%，Mg#变化于38.1~51.2，A/CNK为0.83~1.08，属准铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），亏损高场强元素（HFSE，如Nb、Ta、P、Ti），稀土元素配分曲线右倾，具有明显的轻重稀土分异，基本无Eu异常.全岩有较低的（87Sr/86Sr）i（0.703 783~0.703 901），较高的εNd（378 Ma）（+6.2~+6.7），年轻的TDM（560~608 Ma），锆石εHf（t）相对较高，变化于+12.1~+15.1，对应的一阶段模式年龄TDM1（Hf）为403~516 Ma，显示亏损地幔源区特征.综合上述地球化学特征认为石英闪长玢岩为俯冲环境下洋壳部分熔融的产物，俯冲洋壳脱水产生的流体、熔体在上升过程中与地幔楔发生了交代反应.结合新疆北部蛇绿岩及东准噶尔北缘、阿尔泰南缘相关岛弧花岗岩、火山岩等综合对比，认为区内中-晚泥盆世存在古亚洲洋的南北双向俯冲.Abstract: Research on the quartz diorite porphyry in Dunbasitao gold deposit, Xinjiang, will throw light on the evolution of the paleo-Asian ocean in Late Devonian. The quartz diorite porphyry in Dunbasitao gold deposit is located in the northern margin of the East Junggar basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean age of 378±2 Ma for the intrusion, indicating Late Devonian magmatism.The quartz diorite porphyry shows variable SiO2 contents (54.94%-68.64%), with high Na2O (average 4.34%) and Na2O/K2O (1.19%-2.72%), and it has medium Fe2O3T(2.23%-5.65%), MgO (0.81%-2.77%), Al2O3 (14.31%-16.99%), low TiO2 (0.32%-1.02%) with Rittman index (σ) < 3.3.Mg# values of the rocks range from 38.1 to 51.2 with CaO content of 2.58%-4.97 %, A/CNK of 0.81 to 1.08.The quartz diorite porphyry is metaluminous calc-alkaline-high-K calc-alkaline. It is enriched in LILE (Rb, Ba, Tu, K, La, Sr) and LREE, and depleted in HFSE (Nb, Ta, P, Ti) relative to the primitive mantle; the REE exhibits right-dipping patterns having significant LREE and HREE differentiation. All the samples have low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.703 783-0.703 938), high εNd(t) (+6.2 to +6.7) and zircon εHf(t)=+12.1 to +15.1, as well as young Nd isotopic model ages (TDM ranging in 546-608 Ma) and zircon Hf isotopic model age (TDM1 ranging in 403-516 Ma), indicating a depleted mantle source. The rock was sourced from subducting slab during the subduction of the paleo-Asian ocean in Middle-Late Devonian. Trace element discrimination diagrams indicate that rock formed in volcanic arc environment, which implies bidirectional subduction (north and south) existing in early Late Paleozoic, combined with spatial distribution of ophiolite, granodiorites and volcanic rocks in the northern Xinjiang and northern margin of East Junggar.
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图 1 东准噶尔大地构造位置(a)及其北缘地质简图(b)
a.据董连慧等(2009)修改；b.据张栋等(2011)修改.①额尔齐斯蛇绿岩带; ②阿尔曼泰绿岩带; ③卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带; ④巴音沟蛇绿岩带; ⑤冰达坂蛇绿岩带; ⑥红柳河蛇绿岩带.Ⅰ.西伯利亚板块; Ⅱ.哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块; Ⅱ1.萨吾尔山晚古生代大洋岛弧; Ⅱ2.野马泉早古生代大陆岛弧; Ⅱ3.准噶尔-吐哈陆块; Ⅱ4.天山地区古生代复合弧盆系统; Ⅲ.塔里木板块.1.第四系; 2.中生界; 3.上石炭统; 4.下石炭统; 5.泥盆系; 6.志留系; 7.韧性剪切带; 8.深大断裂带; 9.地层界线; 10.后碰撞花岗岩; 11.蛇绿岩; 12.研究区
Fig. 1. Regional tectonic background map (a) and geological sketch in northern margin of East Junggar (b)
图 2 顿巴斯套金矿区地质简图
据张洋洋等(2015)修改.1.砂砾岩；2.长石岩屑砂岩；3.粉砂岩；4.金矿体；5.石英闪长玢岩；6.断裂；7.地质界线；8.产状(°)；9.采样岩心钻孔及编号
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of Dunbasitao gold mining area
图 3 顿巴斯套地区石英闪长玢岩野外标本及镜下照片(正交偏光)
a.地表石英闪长玢岩脉照片；b.地表石英闪长玢标本；c.ZK005-2样品照片；d.ZK3902-1样品照片；e~i.样品镜下照片(正交偏光).Bi.黑云母；Cc.方解石；Qz.石英；Chl.绿泥石；Hb.角闪石；Kf.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Ser.绢云母；Py.黄铁矿
Fig. 3. Sample and microphotographs of quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao area
图 4 顿巴斯套地区石英闪长玢岩中(ZK005-2)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像(a)、U-Pb年龄谐和图(b)和锆石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(c)
图a中实心圆圈和蓝色虚线圆圈分别代表U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素测试激光剥蚀点位；圈中数字为分析点号，编号同附表 1，锆石下方年龄为206Pb/238U表面年龄，蓝色数字代表εHf(t)；图c球粒陨石数据据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) image (a), zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (b) and chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (c) for zircons of quartz diorite porphyry sample (ZK005-2) from Dunbasitao area
图 5 顿巴斯套石英闪长玢岩主量元素图解
a.K2O-SiO2关系图, 底图据Rollinson(1993)；b.A/NK-A/CNK关系图, 底图据Maniar and Piccoli(1989).数据来源：正常岛弧型黑云母闪长岩(379.7 Ma，吕书君等, 2012)；正常岛弧型花岗岩数据来自希勒克特哈腊苏花岗闪长斑岩(381 Ma，杨文平等, 2005)和喀腊萨依二长闪长斑岩(376 Ma，Zhang et al., 2006)；陆壳部分熔融英云闪长岩(375 Ma，柴凤梅等, 2013)；早泥盆世托让格库都克组埃达克岩(许继峰等, 2001; 张海祥等, 2004)
Fig. 5. Major element plots for the quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao area and rocks from its adjacent areas
图 6 顿巴斯套地区石英闪长玢岩稀土元素配分图(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)
数据来源同图 5，球粒陨石和原始地幔数据来自Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements patterns (b) for the quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao area
图 7 顿巴斯套石英闪长玢岩(La/Yb)N-YbN(a)和Sr/Y-Y关系图(b)
数据来源同图 5，图a、b底图据Defant and Drummond(1990)，图中带小短线的虚线为部分熔融曲线
Fig. 7. (La/Yb)N-YbN diagram (a) and Sr/Y-Y diagram (b) for the quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao area
图 8 顿巴斯套地区石英闪长玢岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2判别图解
底图据Winchester and Floyd (1976)
Fig. 8. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 diagram for the quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao area
图 9 顿巴斯套石英闪长玢岩Sr-Nd同位素组成图解(a)和锆石Hf同位素组成图解(b)
图a底图据黄岗等(2016)
Fig. 9. Plots of initial 87Sr/86Sr vs.εNd(t) (t=378 Ma) (a) and Hf isotopic compositions of zircons from the Dunbasitao quartz diorite porphyry (b)
图 10 顿巴斯套石英闪长玢岩Y-Nb图解(a)和(Yb+Ta)-Rb图解(b)
syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩; WPG.板内花岗岩; VAG.岛弧花岗岩; ORG.洋中脊花岗岩.底图据Pearce et al.(1984)
Fig. 10. The Y-Nb and (Yb+Ta)-Rb diagrams for discriminating the tectonic setting of the quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao
图 11 中晚泥盆世古亚洲洋构造演化示意
年龄数据见章节5.2
Fig. 11. A suggetsted model for the evoloution of paleo-Asian ocean during Middle-Late Devonian
表 1 顿巴斯套地区石英闪长玢岩主量元素(%)、微量及稀土元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1. Major (%) and trace (10-6) element compositions of the quartz diorite porphyry from Dunbasitao area
样品编号 ZK005-2 ZK704-1 ZK1504-1 ZK1504-2 ZK3902-1 *PM3YQ-3 *PM3YQ-4 SiO2 67.14 54.94 66.58 66.4 56.21 68.64 63.12 TiO2 0.32 1.02 0.34 0.35 0.97 0.32 0.52 Al2O3 14.38 15.27 14.31 14.82 14.92 15.52 16.99 Fe2O3T 2.23 5.65 2.32 2.45 5.40 2.60 4.50 MnO 0.059 0.100 0.047 0.048 0.087 0.140 0.140 MgO 1.18 2.77 1.23 1.21 2.54 0.81 1.85 CaO 2.69 4.97 2.78 2.72 4.21 2.58 4.15 Na2O 4.62 3.19 4.26 3.52 5.04 4.62 5.14 K2O 2.01 2.67 2.39 2.75 1.85 3.35 2.35 P2O5 0.15 0.48 0.13 0.14 0.47 0.12 0.24 LOI 4.72 8.48 5.14 5.44 6.78 1.30 1.49 Total 99.50 99.54 99.53 99.85 98.48 99.76 100.09 Na2O/K2O 2.30 1.19 1.78 1.28 2.72 1.38 2.17 Na2O+K2O 6.63 5.86 6.65 6.27 6.89 7.97 7.49 σ 1.82 2.88 1.88 1.68 3.59 2.48 2.79 A/CNK 0.98 0.89 0.98 1.08 0.83 0.97 0.92 A/NK 1.47 1.87 1.49 1.69 1.45 1.38 1.54 Mg# 51.1 49.3 51.2 49.5 48.2 38.1 44.9 Sc 4.55 10.05 4.91 5.15 8.98 5.10 7.90 Cr 18.6 37.4 19.6 20.1 30.2 7.8 31.3 Co 16.6 26.9 21.4 17.4 24.8 Ni 13.4 41.8 14.3 16.0 34.7 Rb 37.5 43.4 42.2 48.9 28.1 57.4 31.0 Sr 374 451 441 394 460 724 1 045 Y 7.0 12.2 7.2 7.2 11.1 6.1 8.0 Zr 102 126 108 108 116 89 102 Nb 12.9 15.2 12.2 12.2 14.8 7.8 6.9 Ba 434 573 445 663 423 1 297 1 051 La 21.5 26.5 21.4 21.7 24.0 15.5 16.0 Ce 38.5 53.6 39.0 38.9 49.2 32.2 34.9 Pr 4.00 6.27 4.05 4.11 5.67 3.78 4.08 Nd 14.1 23.9 14.3 14.2 21.6 11.7 13.5 Sm 2.37 4.49 2.36 2.57 3.99 2.23 2.81 Eu 0.62 1.44 0.64 0.63 1.18 0.70 0.96 Gd 1.66 3.38 1.83 1.84 3.08 1.85 2.47 Tb 0.25 0.46 0.23 0.26 0.43 0.23 0.31 Dy 1.34 2.47 1.26 1.37 2.31 1.28 1.74 Ho 0.23 0.43 0.23 0.24 0.38 0.25 0.34 Er 0.59 1.05 0.61 0.62 1.01 0.71 0.93 Tm 0.09 0.16 0.10 0.09 0.15 0.11 0.13 Yb 0.54 0.88 0.57 0.61 0.91 0.77 0.91 Lu 0.08 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.15 Hf 2.84 2.95 3.03 3.07 2.79 2.90 3.50 Ta 1.11 0.89 1.08 1.05 0.88 0.64 0.52 Pb 12.50 8.37 6.42 4.21 4.37 Th 6.09 2.71 5.97 6.22 2.61 3.40 2.70 U 2.90 2.16 2.80 2.29 1.18 REE 85.86 125.16 87.29 114.02 86.67 71.43 79.19 LREE/HREE 16.98 12.98 16.02 12.59 16.55 12.38 10.35 (La/Yb)N 28.52 21.72 25.66 18.94 26.90 14.43 12.61 δEu 0.91 1.09 0.85 0.99 0.91 1.02 1.09 Sr/Y 53.20 36.97 61.25 54.50 41.44 118.30 131.28 Ce/Th 6.32 19.78 6.53 6.25 18.85 9.47 12.93 Ba/Th 71.26 211.44 74.54 106.59 162.07 381.47 389.26 Nb/U 4.45 7.04 4.36 5.33 12.54 Ce/Pb 3.08 6.40 6.07 9.24 11.26 Zr/Sm 43.04 28.06 45.76 42.02 29.07 39.91 36.30 注：A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O); A/NK=Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O); 带*的数据来源于新疆有色地质勘查局七O一队, 2011, 新疆青河县阿克加尔一带1:5万区域地质调查报告. 
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表 2 东准噶尔北缘相关地质体年龄
Table 2. Northern margin of East Junggar statistics related geological ages
地区 岩体 测试对象及方法 年龄 资料来源 老山口铁铜金矿区 北塔山组玄武岩 380.5±2.2 Ma 柴凤梅等, 2012 黑云母闪长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 379.3±2.3 Ma 吕书君等, 2012 闪长玢岩 379.7±3 Ma 吕书君等, 2012 希勒克特哈腊苏铜矿区 花岗闪长斑岩 锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 381±6 Ma Zhang et al., 2006 花岗闪长斑岩 锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 375±8.7 Ma、371.8±9.6 Ma 吴淦国, 2008 石英闪长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 382±1.3 Ma 杨富全等, 2012 含矿闪长玢岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 379±1.2 Ma、379±1.9 Ma 杨富全等, 2012 玉勒肯哈腊苏铜矿区 苏斑状花岗岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 381.6±2.5 Ma 赵战锋等, 2009 喀腊萨依 二长闪长斑岩 锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 376±10 Ma Zhang et al., 2006 卡拉先格尔Ⅰ号矿区 花岗闪长斑岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 390.2±4.9 Ma 相鹏等, 2009 乔夏哈拉铜金矿区 闪长岩脉 角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄 378.1±3.6 Ma 应立娟, 2007 闪长玢岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 377.6±1.4 Ma 张志欣等, 2012 加玛特金铜矿 辉长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 379.6±2.9 Ma 李远友等, 2017
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