Geochemistry Characteristics and 40Ar-39Ar Age of Biotite from the Saima Aegirine-Nepheline Syenite and Its Geological Significance
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摘要: 黑云母不仅是理想的40Ar-39Ar年代学定年矿物，其化学组成还可用来指示母岩浆物理化学条件、岩浆源区及分异演化程度、成矿潜力和成岩构造环境.本文对辽宁赛马碱性杂岩体中分布最为广泛的霓霞正长岩中的黑云母开展系统电子探针分析和40Ar-39Ar定年，结合pMELTS软件对前人全岩主量元素分析数据开展了平衡结晶计算，探讨了母岩浆物理化学性质、演化过程和成岩构造背景.电子探针分析结果表明赛马霓霞正长岩黑云母具有高铁高钛特征，属铁质黑云母.根据黑云母主量元素含量及比值估算黑云母结晶温度为770~800℃，lgfO2介于-16~-14，而pMELTS平衡结晶计算结果表明整个霓霞正长岩岩浆体系于1 300℃以上便已开始结晶，且随温度降低氧逸度呈现不断降低的趋势，这种较高温度和持续降低的氧逸度环境不利于岩浆热液的分异，使得碱金属（Na）、挥发分及铀钍稀有元素保留在岩浆房内并在后期钠质岩浆（异霞正长岩）结晶分异过程中富集成矿.部分黑云母发育完好的振荡环带，且核部较幔部具有更高的TiO2、Na2O含量和更低的SiO2含量和Fe3+/（Fe3++Fe2+）比值，也进一步证实黑云母结晶后残余岩浆具有更低氧逸度和更高Na含量.赛马碱性岩是华北克拉通北缘近东西向碱性岩带的一部分，本文获得其黑云母40Ar-39Ar年龄为222 Ma左右，形成于古亚洲洋闭合之后的后碰撞伸展构造背景.
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关键词:
- 赛马碱性杂岩体 /
- 40Ar-39Ar定年 /
- 黑云母 /
- 地球化学 /
- 岩浆演化 /
- pMELTS平衡计算 /
- 中亚造山带
Abstract: Biotite is not only a robust 40Ar-39Ar geochronometer, but also commonly used to constrain the physico-chemical conditions, magma source and evolution process, mineralization potential and tectonic settings of the parental magma. In this study, we have obtained the 40Ar-39Ar age and major element compositions of biotite from the most widely outcropped aegirine-nepheline syenite of the Saima alkaline complex. We further discuss the physicochemical property, the evolution process and tectonic settings of the rock by the combination of equilibrium calculation using pMELTS software on previously reported data. The biotite crystals from the aegirine-nepheline syenite have high Fe and Ti contents and belong to annite in both the APSE classification diagram and Mg-(Fe3++AlⅥ+Ti)-(Fe2++Mn) diagram for biotite. On the basis of the major element compositions of the biotite, the crystallization temperatures and oxygen fugacity (lgfO2) are estimated to range from 770 to 800℃ and -16 to -14, respectively, while the equilibrium calculation by pMELTS indicates that the magmatic system crystallized at >1 300℃ and the oxygen fugacity have decreased since the crystallization begun. The high temperature and decreasing oxygen fugacity prevent the early exsolution of a fluid phase, and the alkalis and volatiles are therefore retained in the melt and finally enriched in the hydrothermal fluids related to the late sodic lujavrite. Some of the biotite plates show oscillatory zoning, high TiO2, Na2O but low SiO2 contents and low Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) ratio from the core to the rim, further indicating that the residual magmas after biotite crystallization would have lower temperature, lower oxygen fugacity but higher alkalis contents. The Saima alkaline complex is part of the E-W-trending alkaline rock belt at the northern margin of the NCC, and it is formed at~222 Ma as indicated by biotite 40Ar-39Ar age in post-collisional extension tectonic settings after the closure of the palaeo-Asian Ocean. -
图 1 华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性岩分布（a）和赛马岩体地质简图（b）
碱性岩位置据阎国翰等（2000）；图b据陈肇博等（1996）
Fig. 1. Triassic alkaline rocks at the northern margin of the North China Craton (a) and the geological map of the Saima alkaline complex (b)
图 2 赛马霓霞正长岩中主要矿物镜下特征
a.片状黑云母与霓石、霞石共生（正交偏光）；b.片状黑云母与霓石、钾长石共生，内部包裹自形榍石（正交偏光）；c.片状黑云母与霓石、霞石、钾长石共生，黑云母内部或边缘出现磷灰石和榍石，霞石往往蚀变成钠沸石（正交偏光）；d.与霓石、钾长石等共生的黑云母呈环带结构（正交偏光）；e.黑云母环带结构（BSE图像）；f.针状、放射状稀土矿物与磷灰石、方解石共生（BSE图像），产于钾长石等矿物粒间；g.不规则的异性石与霓石、钾长石共生（BSE图像）；h.图g中放大区域显示异性石出溶结构：灰白色仅含K（硅钾锆石？）；灰黑色含Na、Ca的异性石（呈出溶叶片构成三角格架）（BSE图像）；i.钾钙板锆石内极小（< 10 μm）的锆石包体（BSE图像）.矿物缩写：Aeg.霓石（霓辉石）；Ap.磷灰石；Bt.黑云母；Cal.方解石；Eud.异性石；Kfs.钾长石；Ne.霞石；REE.稀土矿物；Ttn.榍石；Wad.钾钙板锆石
Fig. 2. Microphotographs showing major minerals from the Saima aegirine-nepheline syenite
图 3 赛马霓霞正长岩中黑云母的APSE分类图解（a）及Mg-(Fe3++AlⅥ+Ti)-(Fe2++Mn)图解（b）
图a底图据Rieder（1999）；图b底图据Foster（1960）；APSE指代铁云母-金云母-铁叶云母-镁叶云母
Fig. 3. Biotite composition of the Saima aegirine-nepheline syenite rocks plotted on the APSE quadrilateral (a) and Mg-(Fe3++AlⅥ+Ti)-(Fe2++Mn) diagram (b)
图 4 振荡环带黑云母核幔元素空间变异特征
a.振荡环带黑云母背散射图像，数字及圆圈为探针测点及点号；b.不同测点SiO2含量变化；c.不同测点Al2O3含量变化；d.不同测点TiO2含量变化；e.不同测点MgO变化规律；f.不同测点Na2O含量变化；g.不同测点Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值变化规律；h.不同测点Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+)比值变化
Fig. 4. Element spatial variation of biotite with oscillatory zones
图 5 赛马霓霞正长岩黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄谱图（a）、等时线（b）及反等时线（c）年龄图
Fig. 5. 40Ar/39Ar age spectra (a), isochronal (b) and inverse isochronal (c) age of biotite from Saima aegirine-nepheline syenite rocks
图 6 赛马霓霞正长岩的Fe2+-Mg2+-Fe3+图解
Fig. 6. The Fe2+-Mg2+-Fe3+ diagram for biotite from the Saima aegirine-nepheline syenites
图 7 赛马霓霞正长岩黑云母的lgfO2-T图解
据Wones and Eugster (1965)；图中数字代表黑云母－碱性长石－磁铁矿共生组合中黑云母的100×Fe/(Fe+Mg)值；HM、NNO、FMQ分别代表Fe3O4-Fe2O3、Ni-NiO、Fe2SiO4-SiO2-Fe3O4三种氧逸度缓冲对，该相图压力值为207 MPa；图中整个岩浆体系氧逸度演化曲线根据pMELTS软件计算结果绘制
Fig. 7. LgfO2-T diagram for biotite plates from the Saima aegirine-nepheline syenites
图 8 赛马霓霞正长岩环带黑云母的Ti-Si协变图解
Fig. 8. Ti-Si correlation diagram for biotite with oscillatory zoning from the Saima aegirine-nepheline syenites
图 9 赛马霓霞正长岩岩浆体系自1 300 ℃至800 ℃氧逸度演化趋势（a）和不同矿物/熔体含量变化（b）
TOli.橄榄石初始结晶温度；TOlf.橄榄石消失温度；TCpxi.霓石（霓辉石）初始结晶温度；TBti.黑云母初始结晶温度；TFsi.长石初始结晶温度；TNei.霞石初始结晶温度；TLei.白榴石初始结晶温度；Sp.尖晶石；Olv.橄榄石；Aeg.霓石；Bt.黑云母；Fs.长石；Ne.霞石；Le.白榴石
Fig. 9. LgfO2-T diagram showing the fO2 changes (a) and mineral/melt contents (b) in the Saima aegirine-nepheline syenite magmatic system from 1 300 ℃ to 800 ℃
图 10 赛马霓霞正长岩的FeOT-MgO-Al2O3图解
底图据Abdel-Rahman (1994)；A.非造山构造背景下碱性岩浆岩；C.造山带钙碱性岩浆岩；P.过铝质花岗岩
Fig. 10. FeOT-MgO-Al2O3 diagram of the Saima nepheline syenite
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