样品保存过程中降解对GDGTs环境代用指标的影响

张佳皓; 裴宏业; 赵世锦; 李越; 杨欢

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.319

样品保存过程中降解对GDGTs环境代用指标的影响

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.319

张佳皓^1,2, ,,
裴宏业²,
赵世锦²,
李越²,
杨欢^1,2, ,

1.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41602189

国家自然科学基金项目 41330103

详细信息

作者简介:
张佳皓(1994-), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事地质微生物研究

通讯作者:
杨欢

中图分类号: P59
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-08-19
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-15

The Impact of Degradation on the Tetraether-Based Proxies during the Sample Storage

Zhang Jiahao^{1,2
,
,},
Pei Hongye²,
Zhao Shijin²,
Li Yue²,
Yang Huan^{1,2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 微生物细胞膜脂甘油二烷基甘油四醚（GDGTs）样品在实验室冰箱储存过程中可能会遭受降解，进而对GDGTs各指标应用的准确性产生影响.了解GDGTs各类化合物抗降解能力的差异能够为指标的准确应用提供重要的判别手段.2017年，通过对2012年的石笋样品提取物（GDGTs）进行二次测试，发现GDGTs化合物绝对含量明显减少且各化合物的相对含量变化明显：细菌brGDGTs含量相对于古菌isoGDGTs含量变化较小，对应的干旱化指标R_i/b值略有减小，陆源输入指数BIT值增大，故细菌brGDGTs化合物在保存过程中更稳定；古菌isoGDGTs含环少的化合物变化较小，环化指数CBT值增加，表明少环的化合物在降解过程中更稳定；基于古菌isoGDGTs建立的古温度指标TEX₈₆值显著降低；基于细菌brGDGTs建立的甲基化指数MBT值增加，表明甲基越多的化合物越易降解.
- GDGTs /
- 降解 /
- TEX₈₆ /
- MBT/CBT /
- R_i/b /
- BIT /
- 环境地质
Abstract: The glycerol dialkyl glycerol ether (GDGTs) may be subjected to degradation during the sample storage, which may have an effect on the application of GDGTs. Thus, it is important to understand the resistance of GDGTs compounds to degradation for the accurate application of GDGT derived proxies. In this study, the extractions (GDGTs) of stalagmite sample from the year of 2012 was reanalyzed in 2017. It is found that the absolute concentration of GDGTs has decreased and the relative content of each component has changed significantly. The change of the concentration of bacterial brGDGT is smaller than that of the archaeal isoGDGTs, which corresponds to the decreased R_i/b value and increased BIT values. Therefore, compared to the isoGDGTs, the brGDGTs are more stable during the processes of degradation. Smaller changes of the concentration of archaeal isoGDGTs of less-cyclic-moieties and increasing CBT values indicate that GDGTs with fewer rings tend to be more stable during the degradation processes. The isoGDGTs based TEX₈₆ values also decrease significantly. The increasing of the brGDGTs based MBT values show that GDGTs with more cyclopentyl moieties are more easily to be degraded.
- GDGTs /
- degradation /
- TEX₈₆ /
- MBT/CBT /
- R_i/b /
- BIT /
- environmental geology

HTML全文

图 1 GDGTs分子结构图及质子化后的质核比（m/z）

Fig. 1. The structures of GDGTs and their protonated mass to charge ratio (m/z)

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图 2 采样点和尚洞地理位置（a），和尚洞口（b），HS4石笋（c）

Fig. 2. Map of China showing the sampling location in this study (a), the entrance of Heshang Cave (b) and the HS4 stalagmite (c)

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图 3 所有样品中各GDGTs化合物平均含量(a)和平均相对含量(b)的变化

Fig. 3. Changes in the average absolute (a) and the average relative abundances (b) of GDGTs for all the samples analyzed

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图 4 GDGTs各化合物含量主成分分析图

a、b分别为石笋样品古菌isoGDGTs组分含量主成分分析图和化合物载荷图（loading）；c、d分别石笋样品细菌brGDGTs组分含量主成分分析图和化合物载荷图（loading）.图a和c中绿色圆点代表的是2012年样品数据点，蓝色圆点代表2017年样品数据点，红色小箭头代表了从2012年到2017年数据的变化方向和趋势.a和c中箭头指向实际上代表了图b和d中化合物含量变化趋势.

Fig. 4. Principal component analysis diagram of GDGTs

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图 5 GDGTs温度指标2017年数据与2012年数据之差(a~c)及利用MBT/CBT重建的温度值变化情况(d)

a.∆TEX₈₆（2017年与2012年数据之差）；b.∆MBT（2017年与2012年数据之差）；c.∆CBT（2017年与2012年数据之差）；d.利用公式（6）计算的温度值变化情况（2017年与2012年数据之差）.图a~d中黑线为0，两条虚线为误差线-0.02~0.02

Fig. 5. The difference in GDGT-based proxies (a-c) and the difference in temperature reconstructed from MBT/CBT (d) between the 2017 data set and 2012 data set

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图 6 2017年与2012年的BIT变化差值∆BIT（a），和R_i/b变化差值∆R_i/b（b）

图中黑线为0，两条虚线为误差线-0.02~0.02

Fig. 6. The difference in BIT (a) and R_i/b (b) between the 2017 data set and 2012 data set

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表 1 2012年测试获得的石笋样品中各化合物占总GDGTs百分比

Table 1. The percentage of each GDGT compound in total GDGTs fromstalagmite samplesin the 2012 data set

样品名称	样品编号	GDGT-0	GDGT-1	GDGT-2	GDGT-3	Crenarchaeol	Crenarchaeol'	Ia	Ib	Ic	IIa	IIb	IIc	IIIa	IIIb	IIIc
HS4-112	1	0.10	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.60	0.02	0.14	0.07	0.01	0.27	0.23	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.02
HS4-9	2	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.62	0.03	0.14	0.04	0.01	0.33	0.13	0.02	0.30	0.02	0.02
HS4-15	3	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.62	0.03	0.15	0.07	0.02	0.27	0.22	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.03
HS4-71	4	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.07	0.60	0.04	0.15	0.04	0.01	0.39	0.15	0.01	0.24	0.02	0.01
HS4-198	5	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.60	0.02	0.10	0.09	0.04	0.13	0.33	0.09	0.10	0.04	0.07
HS4-83	6	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.62	0.02	0.14	0.05	0.01	0.31	0.20	0.02	0.21	0.04	0.02
HS4-204	7	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.59	0.03	0.12	0.09	0.03	0.20	0.31	0.07	0.11	0.04	0.04
HS4-179	8	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.59	0.02	0.15	0.08	0.02	0.20	0.27	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.04
HS4-144	9	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.59	0.03	0.13	0.04	0.01	0.37	0.10	0.02	0.30	0.02	0.01
HS4-165	10	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.60	0.03	0.14	0.08	0.02	0.22	0.28	0.04	0.12	0.05	0.04
HS4-128	11	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.59	0.03	0.13	0.07	0.01	0.28	0.22	0.03	0.21	0.04	0.02
HS4-30	12	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.60	0.02	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.29	0.18	0.03	0.21	0.03	0.03
HS4-86	13	0.10	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.61	0.02	0.13	0.07	0.01	0.29	0.22	0.02	0.19	0.05	0.03
HS4-52	14	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.58	0.03	0.15	0.06	0.01	0.36	0.14	0.02	0.22	0.01	0.02
HS4-196	15	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.59	0.02	0.11	0.08	0.03	0.22	0.28	0.04	0.13	0.05	0.05
HS4-21	16	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.60	0.02	0.15	0.06	0.01	0.33	0.17	0.03	0.19	0.03	0.03
HS4-77	17	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.60	0.03	0.15	0.03	0.01	0.38	0.13	0.01	0.26	0.02	0.01
HS4-120	18	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.59	0.03	0.13	0.08	0.02	0.23	0.27	0.05	0.14	0.04	0.03
HS4-175	19	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.57	0.02	0.10	0.16	0.02	0.13	0.32	0.07	0.09	0.05	0.06
HS4-64	20	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.60	0.03	0.12	0.08	0.01	0.29	0.20	0.03	0.19	0.03	0.04
HS4-174	21	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.07	0.60	0.02	0.16	0.06	0.02	0.19	0.30	0.05	0.12	0.06	0.05
HS4-130	22	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.61	0.03	0.13	0.06	0.01	0.26	0.23	0.03	0.20	0.05	0.02
HS4-168	23	0.12	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.56	0.02	0.14	0.05	0.01	0.25	0.21	0.02	0.24	0.05	0.03
HS4-132	24	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.62	0.03	0.14	0.05	0.01	0.32	0.17	0.02	0.25	0.03	0.01
HS4-16	25	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.60	0.03	0.14	0.07	0.01	0.29	0.20	0.03	0.19	0.03	0.03
HS4-60	26	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.07	0.59	0.05	0.15	0.04	0.00	0.43	0.09	0.01	0.26	0.01	0.01
HS4-119	27	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.58	0.02	0.13	0.10	0.02	0.24	0.26	0.04	0.14	0.04	0.04

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表 2 2017年测试获得的石笋样品中各化合物占总GDGTs百分比

Table 2. The percentage of each GDGT compound in total GDGTs fromstalagmite samplesin the 2017 data set

样品名称	样品编号	GDGT-0	GDGT-1	GDGT-2	GDGT-3	Crenarchaeol	Crenarchaeol'	Ia	Ib	Ic	IIa	IIb	IIc	IIIa	IIIb	IIIc
HS4-112	1	0.16	0.13	0.14	0.10	0.45	0.02	0.19	0.07	0.01	0.27	0.21	0.03	0.16	0.03	0.02
HS4-9	2	0.13	0.10	0.12	0.08	0.53	0.03	0.20	0.04	0.01	0.34	0.12	0.02	0.24	0.02	0.01
HS4-15	3	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.53	0.02	0.22	0.07	0.02	0.26	0.18	0.03	0.16	0.03	0.02
HS4-71	4	0.14	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.54	0.04	0.17	0.05	0.01	0.39	0.14	0.00	0.23	0.01	0.00
HS4-198	5	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.55	0.02	0.11	0.08	0.05	0.15	0.30	0.09	0.11	0.05	0.05
HS4-83	6	0.13	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.56	0.02	0.18	0.06	0.00	0.29	0.18	0.03	0.19	0.04	0.02
HS4-204	7	0.14	0.10	0.09	0.07	0.57	0.03	0.13	0.07	0.03	0.20	0.31	0.08	0.11	0.04	0.03
HS4-179	8	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.08	0.54	0.02	0.17	0.07	0.02	0.21	0.26	0.03	0.14	0.06	0.04
HS4-144	9	0.15	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.53	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.01	0.37	0.09	0.02	0.26	0.02	0.01
HS4-165	10	0.12	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.57	0.03	0.16	0.09	0.02	0.21	0.28	0.04	0.11	0.05	0.04
HS4-128	11	0.13	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.56	0.03	0.16	0.08	0.01	0.28	0.21	0.03	0.18	0.03	0.01
HS4-30	12	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.08	0.55	0.02	0.19	0.07	0.02	0.29	0.17	0.03	0.17	0.04	0.02
HS4-86	13	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.55	0.02	0.16	0.05	0.01	0.30	0.22	0.02	0.17	0.05	0.02
HS4-52	14	0.14	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.55	0.03	0.22	0.05	0.00	0.39	0.14	0.00	0.20	0.00	0.00
HS4-196	15	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.56	0.02	0.13	0.08	0.03	0.24	0.26	0.05	0.14	0.03	0.03
HS4-21	16	0.12	0.12	0.11	0.08	0.55	0.02	0.15	0.05	0.02	0.33	0.16	0.03	0.19	0.03	0.03
HS4-77	17	0.14	0.13	0.08	0.09	0.55	0.00	0.16	0.03	0.00	0.27	0.17	0.09	0.18	0.00	0.00
HS4-120	18	0.14	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.54	0.03	0.16	0.09	0.00	0.24	0.26	0.05	0.14	0.03	0.03
HS4-175	19	0.13	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.54	0.02	0.16	0.07	0.03	0.18	0.30	0.05	0.11	0.05	0.04
HS4-64	20	0.15	0.12	0.11	0.08	0.52	0.03	0.19	0.03	0.00	0.23	0.11	0.01	0.21	0.02	0.18
HS4-174	21	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.08	0.53	0.02	0.19	0.07	0.03	0.19	0.27	0.05	0.10	0.06	0.04
HS4-130	22	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.57	0.03	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.27	0.23	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.02
HS4-168	23	0.15	0.14	0.09	0.09	0.51	0.02	0.17	0.06	0.01	0.26	0.21	0.02	0.20	0.04	0.03
HS4-132	24	0.13	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.55	0.03	0.16	0.06	0.01	0.32	0.17	0.02	0.22	0.03	0.01
HS4-16	25	0.14	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.53	0.03	0.20	0.05	0.00	0.31	0.18	0.00	0.21	0.06	0.00
HS4-60	26	0.13	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.56	0.04	0.17	0.04	0.00	0.44	0.09	0.00	0.26	0.00	0.00
HS4-119	27	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.09	0.54	0.02	0.18	0.08	0.02	0.24	0.25	0.04	0.13	0.03	0.03

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表 3 石笋样品GDGTs各指标值

Table 3. GDGT-based proxies for the stalagmite samples

样品名称	样品编号	TEX₈₆		MBT		CBT		BIT		R_i/b
样品名称	样品编号	2012年	2017年	2012年	2017年	2012年	2017年	2012年	2017年	2012年	2017年
HS4-112	1	0.63	0.66	0.22	0.27	0.13	0.20	0.63	0.70	0.57	0.34
HS4-9	2	0.68	0.70	0.19	0.25	0.43	0.52	0.61	0.78	0.77	0.40
HS4-15	3	0.66	0.67	0.23	0.31	0.17	0.28	0.35	0.45	1.78	1.53
HS4-71	4	0.67	0.63	0.19	0.23	0.47	0.46	0.62	0.66	0.79	0.79
HS4-198	5	0.63	0.65	0.23	0.25	-0.26	-0.18	0.09	0.13	4.72	4.89
HS4-83	6	0.65	0.62	0.20	0.24	0.26	0.30	0.54	0.56	0.92	0.94
HS4-204	7	0.69	0.65	0.23	0.23	-0.10	-0.07	0.28	0.36	1.31	1.38
HS4-179	8	0.63	0.62	0.25	0.26	0.00	0.06	0.23	0.30	2.86	2.21
HS4-144	9	0.66	0.63	0.18	0.23	0.53	0.62	0.72	0.76	0.52	0.48
HS4-165	10	0.67	0.63	0.24	0.27	0.00	0.01	0.34	0.40	1.58	1.30
HS4-128	11	0.66	0.63	0.21	0.25	0.15	0.18	0.57	0.70	0.79	0.46
HS4-30	12	0.65	0.60	0.23	0.29	0.24	0.29	0.40	0.56	1.65	0.94
HS4-86	13	0.64	0.63	0.20	0.22	0.16	0.23	0.40	0.51	1.54	1.14
HS4-52	14	0.65	0.62	0.22	0.27	0.41	0.52	0.52	0.64	1.17	0.84
HS4-196	15	0.63	0.62	0.22	0.24	-0.03	0.05	0.11	0.16	5.99	4.71
HS4-21	16	0.64	0.64	0.22	0.23	0.32	0.36	0.43	0.52	1.46	1.14
HS4-77	17	0.65	0.56	0.22	0.24	0.17	0.23	0.42	0.56	1.44	0.73
HS4-120	18	0.65	0.62	0.24	0.25	0.00	0.07	0.48	0.55	0.93	0.84
HS4-175	19	0.64	0.63	0.28	0.26	-0.30	-0.24	0.16	0.25	2.93	2.56
HS4-64	20	0.67	0.64	0.19	0.25	0.51	0.75	0.68	0.69	0.64	0.55
HS4-174	21	0.62	0.59	0.25	0.29	0.00	0.05	0.25	0.32	2.34	1.94
HS4-130	22	0.68	0.66	0.20	0.23	0.12	0.15	0.63	0.68	0.57	0.51
HS4-168	23	0.62	0.60	0.20	0.24	0.19	0.22	0.57	0.58	0.87	0.89
HS4-132	24	0.67	0.64	0.19	0.23	0.32	0.33	0.80	0.84	0.29	0.25
HS4-16	25	0.66	0.65	0.22	0.23	0.19	0.38	0.31	0.47	2.25	1.50
HS4-60	26	0.71	0.68	0.19	0.20	0.64	0.65	0.67	0.74	0.71	0.54
HS4-119	27	0.65	0.63	0.24	0.28	0.02	0.10	0.31	0.44	1.93	1.31

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