西天山吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

张京渤; 安芳; 魏少妮

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.320

西天山吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.320

张京渤^1,,
安芳^1, ,,
魏少妮²

1.
西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069
2.
西安科技大学地质与环境学院, 陕西西安 710054

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41403033

陕西省自然科学基金面上项目 S2018-JC-YB-1300

陕西省教育厅科技计划项目 14KJ1761

详细信息

作者简介:
张京渤(1994—), 男, 硕士研究生, 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业

通讯作者:
安芳(1984—), 女

中图分类号: P588;P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-17
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-11

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Granite in Tulasu Pluton in West Tianshan, and Its Geological Significance

Zhang Jingbo^1
,,
An Fang^{1
, ,},
Wei Shaoni²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
2.
College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 吐拉苏岩体位于西天山吐拉苏盆地的东北缘，由石英闪长玢岩、辉石闪长玢岩和花岗岩组成，其中花岗岩主要为花岗闪长玢岩和花岗斑岩.它们表现出高硅、高铝、富碱的特征，里特曼指数（σ）=1.61~3.18，A/CNK=1.00~1.09，A/NK=1.07~1.68，为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩；相对富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素，明显亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素；轻重稀土分馏明显，（La/Yb）_N=7.48~12.12、中等Eu负异常（δEu=0.47~0.62），无Ce异常.但花岗斑岩较花岗闪长玢岩碱含量更高，更加接近准铝质钾玄岩系列，Sr、P、Ti等元素的亏损程度更强，且轻稀土更富集，可能说明花岗斑岩中壳源物质含量增加.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究获得花岗斑岩的侵位年龄为305.9±5.9 Ma.锆石Hf同位素组成显示，ε_Hf（t）值介于0.4~8.7，表明花岗岩的岩浆源区有幔源物质的加入；T_DM2值介于766~1 294 Ma，表明岩浆源区为中元古代-新元古代新生地壳.综合吐拉苏岩体中两类花岗岩的地质、地球化学特征、年代学和区域地质背景，认为从花岗闪长玢岩到花岗斑岩结晶分异增强、壳源物质的贡献增大，花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境，岩浆源区为中元古代-新元古代新生地壳，但有不同比例幔源物质的加入.
- 吐拉苏岩体 /
- 花岗岩 /
- 锆石U-Pb年龄 /
- 地球化学 /
- 后碰撞
Abstract: Tulasu pluton in Chinese West Tianshan is located in the northeastern of Tulasu basin, composed of three lithofacies, i. e. quartzdiorite, pyroxene diorite and granite. The granites are composed of granodiorite porphyrite and granite porphyry, characterized by high silicon, high aluminum, enrichment of alkali, Rittman index(σ)=1.61-3.18, A/CNK=1.00-1.09, A/NK=1.07-1.68, belonging to metaluminous-weakly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline granite. They are relatively enriched in LILEs (Rb, Th, U), extremely poor in Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Ti, etc., obviously fractionated in LREE and HREE, (La/Yb)_N=7.48-12.12, showing a medium negative Eu anomaly and no Ce anomaly, δEu=0.47-0.62. But granite porphyry has higher alkali content, more close to shoshonite series and Sr, P, Ti strongly negative, indicating increased involvement of crustal materials. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for the granite yields an age of 305.9±5.9 Ma. Analyses on zircon Hf isotopic compositions yield positive ε_Hf(t) values varying from +0.4 to +8.7, implying that the involvement of mantle-derived magmatic materials during the formation of granite; T_DM2 varies from 766 to 1 294 Ma, showing that magma was derived from Proterozoic-Neoproterozoic crust. By comparison, it is concluded that fractional crystallization enhanced, involvement of crustal materials increased from granodiorite to granite porphyry. The granite was formed in post-collisional setting.
- Tulasu pluton /
- granite /
- zircon U-Pb age /
- geochemistry /
- post-collision

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图 1 西天山区域地质略图(a)和吐拉苏盆地区域地质图(b)

图a据Wang et al.(2011)修改; 图b据新疆地质矿产局(1993)修改

Fig. 1. Regional geological map of Chinese West Tianshan (a) and regional geological map of the Tulasu basin (b)

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图 2 吐拉苏岩体地质图

据新疆地质矿产局(1993)修改

Fig. 2. Geological map of the Tulasu pluton

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图 3 吐拉苏岩体花岗闪长玢岩和花岗斑岩的岩石学特征

a.花岗闪长玢岩的手标本照片; b.聚片双晶发育的斜长石斑晶; c.粒状石英斑晶和长柱状角闪石斑晶; d.花岗斑岩的手标本照片; e.表面高岭土化的钾长石斑晶; f.浑圆状和港湾状的石英斑晶. Qz.石英; Amp.角闪石; Kfs.钾长石; Pl.斜长石

Fig. 3. Petrological features of granodiorite porphyry and granite porphyry in the Tulasu pluton

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图 4 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的TAS分类图解

据Middlemost(1994); Irvine and Baragar(1971)

Fig. 4. TAS diagram of the granite in the Tulasu pluton

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图 5 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的K₂O-SiO₂图(a)和A/NK-A/CNK图(b)

图a据Ewart(1989);图b据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)

Fig. 5. K₂O-SiO₂ diagram (a) and A/NK-A/CNK diagram (b) of the granite in the Tulasu pluton

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图 6 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(a)和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图(b)

标准化值据Sun and McDonough (1989)

Fig. 6. Primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams (a) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) of granite in the Tulasu pluton

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图 7 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的锆石CL图像(a)及定年结果(b)

Fig. 7. Zircon CL graphics (a) and zircon U-Pb dating results (b) of the granite in the Tulasu pluton

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图 8 西天山地区部分侵入岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)-t图解

数据来源：杨蓉等(2017), 李宁波等(2013), 黄栋等(2017).底图据黄河等(2015)

Fig. 8. Zircon ε_Hf(t)-t diagram of some intrusions in the West Tianshan

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图 9 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩哈克图解

Fig. 9. Harker diagrams of the granite in the Tulasu pluton

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图 10 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩Nb/Ta-La/Yb图解

Fig. 10. Nb/Ta-La/Yb diagram of the granite in the Tulasu pluton

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图 11 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩微量元素构造环境判别图解

VAG.火山弧花岗岩; syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩; WPG.板内花岗岩; ORG.洋中脊花岗岩; Post-COLG.后碰撞花岗岩.底图据Pearce et al.(1984); Pearce (1996)

Fig. 11. Tectonic discrimination diagrams of the granite trace elements in the Tulasu pluton

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表 1 吐拉苏岩体中花岗岩的主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 1. Major element (%) and trace element (10^-6) compositions of granite in Tulasu pluton

样品号	16A-85	16A-86	16A-86R	16A-88	16A-89
岩石类型	花岗闪长玢岩			花岗斑岩
SiO₂	69.43	70.83	70.88	73.43	73.52
TiO₂	0.58	0.53	0.52	0.19	0.17
Al₂O₃	14.76	14.88	14.85	14.19	14.18
Fe₂O₃^T	4.24	3.87	3.86	1.58	1.57
MnO	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.05	0.05
MgO	1.66	0.38	0.38	0.17	0.13
CaO	2.59	2.55	2.54	0.50	0.53
Na₂O	3.04	3.33	3.36	4.51	4.52
K₂O	3.48	3.42	3.41	5.33	5.30
P₂O₅	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.03	0.02
LOI	1.45	1.38	1.36	0.52	0.34
Na₂O+K₂O	6.52	6.75	6.77	9.84	9.82
K₂O/Na₂O	1.14	1.03	1.02	1.18	1.17
σ	1.61	1.64	1.64	3.18	3.16
A/CNK	1.09	1.08	1.07	1.00	1.00
A/NK	1.68	1.62	1.61	1.07	1.08
Li	32.8	14.7	14.6	30.3	26.7
Be	2.08	1.94	1.92	3.55	3.69
Sc	10.70	9.79	9.70	4.52	4.66
V	65.40	45.30	45.50	4.01	2.46
Cr	27.10	18.80	18.70	8.76	1.28
Co	31.0	28.1	27.7	26.9	30.5
Ni	22.60	14.70	14.60	6.03	1.63
Cu	16.30	10.60	10.60	2.51	2.16
Zn	54.2	45.3	44.6	50.1	53.4
Ga	17.6	17.1	17.0	18.9	19.0
Ge	1.52	1.53	1.54	1.45	1.46
Rb	115	117	115	190	191
Sr	185.0	228.0	226.0	31.3	28.9
Y	27.6	29.4	29.1	28.0	33.5
Zr	206	178	185	230	262
Nb	9.41	8.61	8.60	19.80	21.20
Cs	4.31	4.79	4.77	7.62	8.00
Ba	499	519	517	426	413
La	28.5	28.9	29.2	49.5	50.6
Ce	62.0	61.5	63.0	106.0	108.0
Pr	6.98	7.04	7.15	12.10	12.40
Nd	27.8	28.1	28.3	42.3	43.2
Sm	5.89	6.01	6.06	7.70	7.95
Eu	1.17	1.15	1.15	1.20	1.16
Gd	5.53	5.70	5.69	6.37	6.74
Tb	0.84	0.88	0.87	0.93	1.03
Dy	4.94	5.21	5.19	5.35	6.09
Ho	0.97	1.03	1.03	1.02	1.20
Er	2.79	2.93	2.93	2.92	3.49
Tm	0.41	0.43	0.43	0.44	0.53
Yb	2.63	2.77	2.77	2.93	3.45
Lu	0.39	0.41	0.41	0.43	0.51
Hf	5.55	5.02	5.20	6.94	7.68
Ta	0.87	0.83	0.84	1.65	1.69
Pb	20.3	32.8	32.6	29.4	31.0
Th	12.2	12.5	12.9	22.2	22.5
U	2.42	1.43	1.43	1.55	3.61
ΣREE	150.87	152.01	154.16	238.91	245.99
LREE/HREE	7.15	6.85	6.98	10.71	9.68
δEu	0.62	0.59	0.59	0.51	0.47
(La/Yb)_N	7.77	7.48	7.57	12.12	10.52

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表 2 吐拉苏岩体中花岗闪长玢岩LA⁃ICP⁃MS锆石U⁃Pb定年结果

Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of granodiorite porphyry in Tulasu pluton

测点号	元素含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值						年龄(Ma)
测点号	²⁰⁶Pb	²³²Th	²³⁸U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
16A-86-01	25.79	64.92	126.36	0.51	0.051 94	0.004 49	0.360 84	0.030 42	0.050 38	0.001 09	316.9	6.68
16A-86-02	54.55	140.28	278.08	0.50	0.049 99	0.001 59	0.334 20	0.010 19	0.048 48	0.000 51	305.2	3.11
16A-86-03	27.62	61.66	143.31	0.43	0.054 75	0.002 40	0.360 93	0.015 35	0.047 80	0.000 61	301.0	3.76
16A-86-04	29.77	65.65	151.05	0.43	0.050 08	0.002 18	0.338 05	0.014 27	0.048 95	0.000 61	308.1	3.78
16A-86-05	22.89	52.36	117.62	0.45	0.054 07	0.002 58	0.361 83	0.016 75	0.048 53	0.000 66	305.5	4.08
16A-86-06	98.18	147.90	496.66	0.30	0.051 30	0.001 33	0.349 06	0.008 60	0.049 35	0.000 48	310.5	2.92
16A-86-07	44.12	107.82	226.34	0.48	0.057 92	0.002 07	0.389 10	0.013 38	0.048 72	0.000 56	306.7	3.47
16A-86-08	23.84	57.44	122.09	0.47	0.049 91	0.002 52	0.337 17	0.016 59	0.048 99	0.000 65	308.3	4.02
16A-86-09	28.73	69.97	151.15	0.46	0.053 83	0.002 41	0.355 74	0.015 43	0.047 93	0.000 63	301.8	3.88
16A-86-10	75.22	238.36	394.15	0.60	0.051 44	0.001 54	0.341 78	0.009 85	0.048 19	0.000 50	303.4	3.06
16A-86-11	47.35	106.90	246.12	0.43	0.054 03	0.001 80	0.362 35	0.011 64	0.048 64	0.000 54	306.1	3.30
16A-86-12	26.95	60.57	142.67	0.42	0.048 95	0.002 19	0.322 75	0.014 05	0.047 83	0.000 61	301.2	3.77
16A-86-13	58.89	92.50	305.40	0.30	0.053 03	0.001 50	0.357 34	0.009 69	0.048 88	0.000 50	307.6	3.05

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表 3 吐拉苏岩体中花岗闪长玢岩的锆石Lu-Hf分析结果

Table 3. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of granodiorite porphyry in Tulasu pluton

测点号	t(Ma)	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	σ	ε_Hf(t)	σ	t_DM1(Ma)	t_DM2(Ma)	f_Lu/Hf
16A-86-01	305	0.038 538	0.001 012	0.282 750	0.000 021	5.7	0.8	712	953	-0.97
16A-86-02	306	0.054 889	0.001 438	0.282 739	0.000 022	5.3	0.8	736	984	-0.96
16A-86-03	306	0.052 396	0.001 409	0.282 649	0.000 025	2.1	0.9	864	1 185	-0.96
16A-86-04	301	0.013 739	0.000 322	0.282 694	0.000 021	3.8	0.7	777	1 074	-0.99
16A-86-05	308	0.038 677	0.001 015	0.282 670	0.000 023	2.9	0.8	826	1 133	-0.97
16A-86-06	306	0.021 480	0.000 478	0.282 723	0.000 020	4.9	0.7	741	1 009	-0.99
16A-86-07	311	0.045 256	0.001 191	0.282 833	0.000 025	8.7	0.9	598	766	-0.96
16A-86-08	307	0.045 879	0.001 410	0.282 600	0.000 034	0.4	1.2	934	1 294	-0.96
16A-86-09	306	0.048 069	0.001 326	0.282 815	0.000 023	8.0	0.8	626	812	-0.96
16A-86-10	306	0.034 753	0.000 922	0.282 697	0.000 024	3.9	0.8	786	1 072	-0.97

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