与A型花岗岩有关锡矿的云英岩化蚀变矿化地球化学:以新疆卡姆斯特和干梁子矿床为例

陈言飞; 王玉往; 王京彬; 王莉娟; 唐萍芝; 石煜; 赵路通

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.321

与A型花岗岩有关锡矿的云英岩化蚀变矿化地球化学:以新疆卡姆斯特和干梁子矿床为例

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.321

陈言飞^1,2,3,,
王玉往^3, ,,
王京彬³,
王莉娟³,
唐萍芝³,
石煜³,
赵路通³

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
3.
北京矿产地质研究院, 北京 100012

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展规划（973计划）项目 2014CB440803

详细信息

作者简介:
陈言飞(1985-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事岩石学和矿床学方面的研究

通讯作者:
王玉往

中图分类号: P614
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-03
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-15

Greisenized Alteration-Mineralization Geochemistry of the Tin Deposit Related to A-Type Granite: Case Study on the Kamusite and Ganliangzi Deposits, Xinjiang

1.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources, Beijing 100012, China

摘要

摘要: 新疆准噶尔盆地东部卡拉麦里地区发育我国典型的A型花岗岩型锡矿.通过对该区卡姆斯特和干梁子两个锡矿4个矿化蚀变带的岩相学及地球化学研究，发现矿体和致矿岩体是同源岩浆演化的结果，矿体是岩浆分异演化末期向流体演化过程中形成的.矿床的蚀变分带模式可分为两种：（1）（红色）细粒黑云母花岗岩→云英岩化细粒花岗岩→含锡石英脉；（2）细粒黑云母花岗岩→含锡云英岩→含锡石英脉.其蚀变带中岩石的地球化学组分总体迁移规律为：SiO₂迁入，Na₂O、K₂O迁出，Fe₂O₃总体表现为迁入，Th/U值不断降低，表明硅化和碱交代作用贯穿整个成矿过程，成矿环境由碱性向酸性变化，并伴随氧逸度的升高.F、Cl、W、Cu、Bi、In、Pb、Rb、Nb、Ta等元素与成矿元素Sn的迁移、富集和沉淀密切相关，其中F和Cl是迁移过程中最活跃的组分，是Sn元素最大的"搬运工"，Sn元素的富集与W、Cu、Bi、In等元素迁移呈正相关，反映流体作用与Sn成矿密切相伴，而与Pb、Rb、Nb、Ta等元素的迁移呈负相关，反映致矿岩体自身元素的稀释和带出，Sn的富集和成矿是在岩浆向流体演化过程中完成的.
- 锡矿 /
- A型花岗岩 /
- 蚀变矿化分带 /
- 元素迁移规律 /
- 成矿条件 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The typical tin ores related to A-type granite have been discovered in Kalamaili region, east of the Junggar, North Xinjiang. However, little has been known about the metallogenetic mechanism of the tin ores so far. This study on petrology and geochemistry of four mineralization-alteration zones from the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits show that the ores and metallogenic rock body are the products of the fractional crystallization of homologous magma with the ores forming at the later stage, and there are two alteration zoning patterns:(1) (red) fine-grained Bt-granite→greisenized fine-grained granite→tin-bearing quartz veins; (2) fine-grained Bt-granite→tin-bearing greisen→tin-bearing silicification veins. The elements migration of the altered zone show that SiO₂ was externally supplied, Na₂O and K₂O moved out in varying degrees, more Fe₂O₃ was supplied than lost, and Th/U ratios kept decreasing in the whole mineralized process, which suggests that the on-going silicification and alkali metasomatism in the whole process result in the changes of metallogenic environment from basic to acidic and the increases of oxygen fugacity. The migration of trace elements (eg. W, Cu, Bi, In) was significantly positively associated with the enrichment of tin, while that of others (eg. Pb, Rb, Nb, Ta) was negative, together with the most active component of F and Cl, and these elements played important roles in the process of migration, enrichment and precipitation of tin. This indicates that the elements from the metallogenic rock body were lost while the fluid played an important role in the process of Sn mineralization, and the enrichment and mineralization of Sn was probably caused in the transition stage from magmatic to hydrothermal system.
- tin ore /
- A-type granite /
- alteration-mineralization zone /
- migration regularity /
- metallogenic conditions /
- geochemistry

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图 1 准噶尔地块构造简图(a)及卡姆斯特-干梁子矿床区域地质图(b)

图据张以熔等(2006)修改；M-C.中-新生界；C₁.下石炭统；D₂.中泥盆统；1.老鸦泉岩体：黑云母花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩；2.贝勒库都克岩体：黑云母正长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩；3.蛇绿岩套：镁铁-超镁铁岩；4.断裂；5.锡矿床

Fig. 1. Tectonic outline of Junggar terrane (a) and regional geological sketch of the Kamusite and Ganliangzi deposits (b)

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图 2 新疆卡姆斯特和干梁子锡矿床蚀变分带特征照片、剖面及采样位置示意

a~f.卡姆斯特锡矿；g~h.干梁子锡矿；1.细粒黑云母花岗岩；2.云英岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩；3.红色细粒黑云母花岗岩；4.含锡云英岩；5.含锡石英脉；6.采样位置

Fig. 2. The photos showing alteration zone, and sections and sample location of the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

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图 3 卡姆斯特-干梁子锡矿床岩石和矿石显微照片

a.细粒黑云母花岗岩；b.云英岩化细粒花岗岩；c.云英岩；d.含锡石英脉；矿物代号：Q.石英；Bt.黑云母；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Mus.白云母；Ser.绢云母；Cst.锡石

Fig. 3. Microscopic photos for rocks and ores of the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposites

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图 4 卡姆斯特-干梁子锡矿蚀变带化学组分迁移图

Fig. 4. Diagram showing the mass balance for the altered zone of the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

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图 5 卡姆斯特-干梁子锡矿蚀变带根据TiO₂质量分数确定的微量元素等比线

横纵坐标表示图中各元素在对应岩石中的质量分数(10^-6)，上两图中坐标轴上括号内数值是专为表示元素Zn、Y、Li、Rb、Cu和Zr的质量分数而设，图中其他元素质量分数用括号外数值表示

Fig. 5. Grant's isocon diagram of trace elements based on the mass fraction of TiO₂ of the altered zone from the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

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图 6 卡姆斯特和干梁子锡矿蚀变带稀土配分曲线模式(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)

球粒陨石及原始地幔标准化值引自Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b) of the altered zone from Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

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图 7 卡姆斯特-干梁子锡矿矿化蚀变分带特征、元素迁移规律及成矿机制示意

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of mineralized-altered zonation, element migration and formation mechanism of the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

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表 1 卡姆斯特和干梁子矿床岩石与矿石主量(%)及微量元素(10^-6)表

Table 1. Major (%) and trace elements (10^-6) data of the wall rocks and ores from the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

剖面	剖面1			剖面2			剖面3			剖面4
样品	K9-9	K9-10	K9-11	K9-18	K9-16	K9-17	K9-19	K9-21	K9-20	GL9-7	GL9-2	GL9-1
岩性	细粒黑云母花岗岩	云英岩化细粒花岗岩	含锡石英脉	细粒黑云母花岗岩	云英岩化细粒花岗岩	含锡石英脉	细粒黑云母花岗岩	云英岩化细粒花岗岩	含锡石英脉	细粒黑云母花岗岩	含锡云英岩	含锡石英脉
SiO₂	78.44	75.30	93.99	77.79	73.79	97.81	78.26	79.87	93.60	78.24	81.76	91.30
TiO₂	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.07
Al₂O₃	10.94	14.69	2.57	11.40	15.57	0.73	11.04	12.28	3.28	11.10	9.14	3.20
Fe₂O₃	0.45	0.41	0.84	0.86	0.66	0.16	0.35	0.59	0.33	0.38	0.65	0.56
FeO	0.45	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.55	0.10	0.35	0.30	0.45	0.10
MnO	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01
MgO	0.03	0.15	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.01	0.07	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.08	0.01
CaO	0.13	0.14	0.10	0.13	0.17	0.26	0.15	0.63	0.22	0.34	0.56	0.50
Na₂O	3.76	0.40	0.17	3.87	0.18	0.13	3.65	0.26	0.08	3.83	2.38	0.12
K₂O	4.84	6.81	0.50	4.99	6.54	0.01	4.93	3.70	1.17	4.82	2.42	3.18
P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
F^*	0.09	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.26	0.13	0.12	0.35	0.28	0.17	0.38	0.30
Cl^*	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.13	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01
LOI	0.8	1.86	1.42	0.69	2.69	0.71	0.82	2.34	0.78	0.78	1.35	1.00
总量	100.4	100.0	100.1	100.1	100.1	99.9	100.6	99.9	100.2	100.4	100.3	100.0
La	8.99	14.7	17.8	6.37	18.8	14.8	14	15.5	20.1	33.6	30.7	18.2
Ce	21.5	24.0	42.5	17.8	36.8	31.6	32.5	41.6	46.4	78.5	77.2	52.9
Pr	3.11	3.86	6.78	2.40	4.44	4.50	4.31	5.23	5.95	10.60	11.60	7.46
Nd	12.50	14.80	25.90	9.97	15.70	16.90	16.10	19.30	21.90	43.60	49.10	31.90
Sm	3.84	4.63	5.58	3.38	4.44	5.44	4.96	4.82	5.86	10.4	10.9	10.1
Eu	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.05
Gd	3.81	5.08	4.40	3.77	5.06	5.86	5.59	4.29	5.32	10.30	11.10	10.30
Tb	1.04	1.45	1.10	1.09	1.58	1.83	1.58	1.10	1.51	2.42	2.65	2.59
Dy	7.82	11.10	8.05	8.12	13.00	14.30	11.70	8.53	11.20	16.10	18.10	17.80
Ho	1.78	2.79	1.83	1.89	3.45	3.39	2.57	2.02	2.61	3.39	3.78	3.84
Er	6.44	9.88	6.98	6.81	13.60	12.70	9.13	8.31	10.00	11.00	12.60	11.90
Tm	1.46	2.16	1.55	1.54	3.17	2.99	1.83	1.96	2.20	1.98	2.21	2.25
Yb	11.1	16.6	11.8	11.4	23.7	21.1	13.2	15.6	15.9	13.6	14.4	14.5
Lu	1.86	2.83	1.97	1.92	4.15	3.49	2.10	2.78	2.59	2.09	2.32	2.29
δEu	0.007	0.007	0.005	0.007	0.004	0.003	0.004	0.002	0.004	0.003	0.002	0.005
Rb	448.0	634.0	109.0	450.0	621.0	11.9	500.0	431.0	176.0	305.0	211.0	217.0
Ba	19.50	44.00	6.58	15.20	37.60	7.44	20.00	6.04	10.10	13.50	15.70	57.10
Th	56.4	46.1	55.5	44.1	48.2	44.9	48.3	53.7	50.7	30.8	32.6	37.9
U	4.78	4.88	7.94	4.78	6.11	9.91	5.19	5.95	6.81	3.87	9.33	4.75
Ta	3.62	3.48	2.14	6.52	5.41	1.64	4.18	3.23	2.51	2.37	1.52	1.86
Nb	16.40	15.40	10.40	19.40	20.60	5.97	16.30	13.40	9.83	13.40	11.20	6.20
Sr	9.87	8.66	11.80	9.83	77.40	23.40	9.22	10.40	5.99	76.30	155.00	9.01
Zr	206	178	214	186	197	190	164	204	184	174	179	226
Hf	12.90	10.60	12.70	13.00	13.70	12.40	9.83	12.50	11.00	8.97	10.20	10.60
Y	60.1	95.1	52.1	65.1	135.0	117.0	75.8	86.4	97.1	103.0	111.0	113.0
Li^*	184.0	53.0	294.0	147.0	71.7	14.4	250.0	120.0	148.0	60.9	148.0	20.4
Be^*	2.56	3.98	2.89	4.25	6.52	0.03	4.54	1.39	1.13	4.69	3.13	0.43
Sc^*	2.90	2.52	2.69	3.20	4.11	0.29	2.77	2.95	2.13	2.01	2.97	0.66
V^*	13.10	10.60	20.50	15.30	7.00	2.93	8.48	6.91	9.04	6.99	6.63	17.40
Cr^*	9.00	7.79	8.65	11.10	10.30	9.08	4.21	1.66	8.29	2.71	11.00	9.10
Co^*	0.23	0.15	0.22	0.17	0.14	0.09	0.26	0.18	0.19	0.25	0.24	0.20
Cu^*	90.8	38.8	294.0	115.0	211.0	109.0	105.0	211.0	68.3	127.0	468.0	114.0
Zn^*	39.6	9.5	56.8	75.6	45.0	15.0	132.0	13.7	25.6	48.7	81.3	17.2
Ga^*	26.10	32.00	8.86	28.40	28.00	1.45	23.40	26.00	10.90	23.10	16.70	5.73
Mo^*	0.92	0.90	0.26	0.24	0.31	0.32	0.15	0.11	0.27	1.12	0.96	1.34
Cd^*	0.10	0.08	0.81	0.12	0.23	0.05	0.07	0.23	0.16	0.15	2.65	1.69
In^*	0.16	0.21	1.34	0.13	0.32	0.02	0.16	0.28	0.27	0.21	3.26	3.10
Sb^*	0.75	1.35	4.05	2.12	5.16	0.43	0.25	6.20	0.88	0.21	2.35	0.69
Cs^*	26.70	9.48	6.98	20.20	14.00	1.39	81.70	13.30	7.63	17.70	18.80	6.48
W^*	2.35	8.77	8.03	5.60	10.70	3.15	2.73	3.28	5.91	1.11	22.40	5.09
Tl^*	2.45	3.09	0.41	2.64	3.31	0.05	2.69	1.97	0.95	1.55	1.06	1.06
Pb^*	20.60	4.70	9.72	21.40	36.00	9.04	22.20	10.50	4.17	31.20	13.00	5.60
Bi^*	2.95	2.58	7.39	0.80	5.20	2.30	1.12	1.79	0.38	0.82	39.50	67.30
注：剖面1~3数据王莉娟等(2012)；剖面4数据及*元素为本文分析.

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表 2 卡姆斯特-干梁子锡矿蚀变带成分(%)迁移数据

Table 2. Component (%) migration of altered zone from the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits

剖面	蚀变分带	细粒黑云母花岗岩	A阶段：细粒黑云母花岗岩→云英岩化细粒花岗岩/云英岩			B阶段：云英岩化细粒花岗岩/云英岩→含锡石英脉
剖面	元素/参数	w_B(%)	w_B(%)	T_i(%)	T_i/M_ip(%)	w_B(%)	T_i(%)	T_i/M_ip(%)
剖面1		K-9	K-10	K-9 → K-10		K-11	K-10 → K-11
	SiO₂	78.44	75.3	+1.57	+2.00	93.99	+14.93	+19.83
	Al₂O₃	10.94	14.69	+4.67	+42.67	2.57	-12.22	-83.20
	Fe₂O₃	0.45	0.41	-0.01	-3.19	0.84	+0.40	+96.68
	FeO	0.45	0.10	-0.34	-76.39	0.20	+0.09	+92.00
	MnO	0.02	0.02	0.00	-4.93	0.01	0.00	-20.94
	MgO	0.03	0.15	+0.13	+449.57	0.06	-0.09	-60.32
	CaO	0.13	0.14	+0.02	+14.42	0.10	-0.04	-31.43
	Na₂O	3.76	0.40	-3.34	-88.70	0.17	-0.24	-59.20
	K₂O	4.84	6.81	+2.40	+49.50	0.50	-6.33	-92.95
	P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	0.00	-2.60	0.011	0.00	-4.00
	F	0.09	0.12	+0.04	+40.11	0.11	-0.01	-12.00
	Cl	0.01	0.05	+0.05	+1 005.00	0.01	-0.04	-76.00
剖面2		K-18	K-16	K-18→K-16		K-17	K-16→K-17
	SiO₂	77.79	73.79	+6.06	+7.79	97.81	+74.61	+101.11
	Al₂O₃	11.40	15.57	+6.29	+55.20	0.73	-14.46	-92.89
	Fe₂O₃	0.86	0.66	-0.11	-12.79	0.16	-0.42	-63.22
	FeO	0.10	0.20	+0.13	+127.27	0.10	-0.05	-24.14
	MnO	0.02	0.01	0.00	-21.88	0.01	0.00	-44.83
	MgO	0.04	0.08	+0.04	+98.86	0.01	-0.06	-72.41
	CaO	0.13	0.17	+0.06	+48.60	0.26	+0.22	+132.05
	Na₂O	3.87	0.18	-3.67	-94.71	0.13	+0.02	+9.58
	K₂O	4.99	6.54	+2.44	+48.93	0.10	-6.39	-97.77
	P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	0.00	+26.26	0.01	0.00	+36.55
	F	0.09	0.26	+0.20	+224.68	0.13	-0.06	-24.14
	Cl	0.02	0.01	-0.02	-82.06	0.02	+0.03	+962.07
剖面3		K-19	K-21	K-19→K-21		K-20	K-21→K-20
	SiO₂	78.26	79.87	+28.80	+36.80	93.6	-7.75	-9.71
	Al₂O₃	11.04	12.28	+5.42	+49.10	3.28	-9.75	-79.42
	Fe₂O₃	0.35	0.59	+0.44	+125.96	0.33	-0.34	-56.90
	FeO	0.55	0.10	-0.42	-75.63	0.35	+0.17	+169.67
	MnO	0.02	0.02	+0.01	+49.81	0.02	0.00	-10.79
	MgO	0.07	0.05	0.00	-3.19	0.01	-0.04	-80.74
	CaO	0.15	0.63	+0.69	+462.98	0.22	-0.46	-73.09
	Na₂O	3.65	0.26	-3.30	-90.45	0.08	-0.20	-76.29
	K₂O	4.93	3.70	+0.03	+0.60	1.17	-2.80	-75.64
	P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	0.00	+0.53	0.01	0.00	+11.29
	F	0.12	0.35	+0.35	+290.96	0.28	-0.13	-38.36
	Cl	0.03	0.13	+0.14	+462.11	0.01	-0.12	-94.07
剖面4		GL9-7	GL9-2	GL9-7→GL9-2		GL9-1	GL9-2→GL9-1
	SiO₂	78.24	81.76	-33.79	-43.87	91.30	+96.02	+122.93
	Al₂O₃	11.10	9.14	-5.83	-47.29	3.20	+16.35	+139.41
	Fe₂O₃	0.38	0.65	+0.20	+76.11	0.56	+1.31	+154.10
	FeO	0.30	0.45	-0.15	-26.53	0.10	-0.32	-44.02
	MnO	0.01	0.02	-0.00	-23.35	0.01	+0.00	+0.90
	MgO	0.04	0.08	+0.10	+120.11	0.01	-0.05	-13.68
	CaO	0.34	0.56	-0.31	-66.67	0.50	+0.95	+338.65
	Na₂O	3.83	2.38	-2.76	-75.73	0.12	+6.87	+429.26
	K₂O	4.82	2.42	-3.26	-65.93	3.18	+8.04	+264.44
	P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	+0.00	+18.62	0.01	+0.01	+81.62
	F	0.17	0.38	+0.20	+117.65	0.30	-0.07	-17.81
	Cl	0.02	0.02	0.00	+26.01	0.01	-0.01	-52.68
注：表中原岩总质量假设为1，+为带入，-为带出.

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表 3 卡姆斯特和干梁子锡矿蚀变带微量元素含量平均值(10^-6，n=4)

Table 3. The average data of trace elements (10^-6) of altered zone from the Kamusite and Ganliangzi tin deposits (n=4)

蚀变带	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Co
细粒黑云母花岗岩	15.72	37.55	5.13	20.52	5.65	0.03	5.87	1.53	10.94	2.41	8.35	1.70	12.35	1.99	0.23
云英岩化细粒花岗岩(云英岩)	16.53	33.73	4.90	18.33	5.02	0.02	5.10	1.49	11.61	2.87	10.79	2.47	18.30	3.11	0.15
含锡石英脉	21.13	54.68	7.53	30.58	7.90	0.03	7.75	1.96	13.96	3.07	10.83	2.16	15.13	2.50	0.20

	Mo	Cd	In	Tl	Sb	Be	Sc	Zn	Y	Li	Rb	Cu	Zr	Cr	W
细粒黑云母花岗岩	0.61	0.11	0.16	2.33	0.83	4.01	2.72	73.98	75.50	160.48	424.75	109.45	182.25	6.76	2.95
云英岩化细粒花岗岩(云英岩)	0.45	0.29	0.47	1.72	2.75	3.35	2.40	31.58	99.80	108.28	343.98	163.20	194.75	8.96	7.66
含锡石英脉	0.67	1.18	1.73	1.26	2.53	1.52	2.18	34.45	102.38	109.10	258.75	215.33	198.50	7.51	9.17

	Ga	Sr	Nb	Cs	Ba	Ta	Pb	Bi	Th	V	Hf	Rb/Sr	Ba/Rb	Nb/Ta
细粒黑云母花岗岩	25.25	26.33	16.38	36.58	17.05	4.18	23.85	1.42	44.90	10.97	11.18	16.13	0.04	3.92
云英岩化细粒花岗岩(云英岩)	17.58	30.32	13.09	7.96	23.91	3.17	14.87	4.37	48.68	10.26	12.35	11.35	0.07	4.13
含锡石英脉	14.83	45.85	10.16	11.55	22.14	2.28	8.32	27.24	43.68	10.00	11.08	5.64	0.09	4.46

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