西昆仑麻扎达坂辉绿岩墙的成因:来自年代学和地球化学证据

查显锋; 高晓峰; 李平; 计文化

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.327

西昆仑麻扎达坂辉绿岩墙的成因:来自年代学和地球化学证据

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.327

1.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 造山带地质研究中心, 陕西西安 710054
2.
自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室, 陕西西安 710054

基金项目:

国家科技支撑课题 2015BAB05B01

陕西省自然科学基金项目 2013KJXX-68

陕西省自然科学基金项目 2017JM4001

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160002

详细信息

作者简介:
查显锋(1984-), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要从事构造地质学及区域地质相关专业研究

中图分类号: P59
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2018-12-15

Origin of Diabase Dykes in Mazar Area in West Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Evidences from Zircon U-Pb Dating and Geochemistry

1.
Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, Orogen Research Center, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 西昆仑造山带显生宙以来经历了原特提斯洋和古特提斯洋两个重要的演化阶段.目前对古特提斯洋构造过程的认识仍然存在较大争议.通过对麻扎达坂辉绿岩墙进行详细的野外地质、岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究，结果表明，辉绿岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为287±4.6 Ma，代表了辉绿岩浆的结晶年龄，表明该辉绿岩墙为早二叠世岩浆活动的产物.辉绿岩的SiO₂含量为48.29%~50.21%，低Mg^#值（0.36~0.39），属亚碱性拉斑系列玄武岩.辉绿岩富集LREE、LILE（如Rb、Ba、Sr），亏损Nb-Ta、P等高场强元素，总体表现出类似岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征.同时，麻扎达坂辉绿岩锆石Hf同位素组成（ε_Hf（t）=4.00~13.71，平均值为7.61，T_DM1（Hf）=0.76~0.38 Ga）说明其不是来源于类似N-MORB的亏损地幔源区.区域地质研究表明，西昆仑及以北塔里木克拉通在早二叠世处于伸展构造背景，不存在同期的俯冲消减事件，倾向于认为麻扎达坂辉绿岩墙是在造山后伸展背景下，早期俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的原始岩浆经过一定程度的分异结晶沿区域性断裂侵位形成的，而与塔里木地幔柱不具有地球动力学上的联系.
- 辉绿岩墙 /
- 锆石U-Pb测年 /
- 地球化学 /
- 西昆仑造山带 /
- 地质年代学
Abstract: The West Kunlun orogenic belt underwent the tectonic process of Proto-and Paleo-Tethys Oceans since Phanerozoic. However, there is still much controversy over the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of the diabase dykes in Mazar, West Kunlun are reported in this paper. Zircon U-Pb dating results give an emplacement age of 287±4.6 Ma for the Mazar diabase. These rocks span a SiO₂ range of 48.29%-50.21% and Mg^# (0.36-0.39), characterized by moderate LREE/HREE fractionation, strong LILEs (such as Rb, Ba, Sr) enrichment and depleted Nb-Ta, P and weakly Eu depletion. They have more radiogenic zircon Hf isotopic compositions (ε_Hf(t)=4.00-13.71, average value is 7.61) than N-MORB. In combination with the evolution of regional geology, it is suggested that these melts were derived from partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle that underwent early subducted fluid metasomatization. The origin of the Mazar diabase dykes indicates that the post-orogenic extension in West Kunlun, from Late Devonian to Early Permian, may be not related to the Tarim mantle plume.
- diabase dyke /
- zircon U-Pb age /
- geochemistry /
- West Kunlun orogenic belt /
- geochronology

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图 1 西昆仑造山带(a)和麻扎地区(b)地质简图

据李荣社等(2008)和王超等(2013).OKS.奥依塔格-柯岗断裂带；KQS.库地-其曼于特蛇绿岩带；MKS.麻扎-康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩带；GXF.郭扎错-西金乌兰断裂；KKF.喀喇昆仑断裂；HQS.红山湖-乔尔天山断裂；NKT.昆北地体；SKT.昆南地体；BYT.巴颜喀拉地体；TNT.甜水海-北羌塘地块

Fig. 1. Schematic geological maps of the West Kunlun orogenic belt (a) and Mazar area (b)

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图 2 麻扎辉绿岩墙野外露头特征

Fig. 2. The field occurrence of Mazar diabase dykes

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图 3 麻扎辉绿岩显微镜下特征

Fig. 3. The micrograph of Mazar diabase

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图 4 辉绿岩谐和年龄图

Fig. 4. The concordia diagrams of the zircons from diabase

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图 5 辉绿岩Zr/TiO₂-Nb/Y图解(a)和FeOt/MgO-SiO₂图解(b)

a.据Winchester and Floyd(1977)

Fig. 5. Plots of Zr/TiO₂ vs.Nb/Y (a) and FeOt/MgO-SiO₂ (b) showing diabase sample composition variations

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图 6 麻扎达坂辉绿岩SiO₂-主要氧化物协变图

Fig. 6. SiO₂ vs. major oxide plots of Mazar diabase

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图 7 麻扎大坂辉绿岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图解(a)与微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

据Taylor and McLennan(1985)；Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive-mantle normalized spidegram (b) for Mazar diabase

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图 8 锆石Hf同位素特征(a)及模式年龄频率分布直方图(b)

Fig. 8. Temporal variations of ε_Hf values (a) and Hf model age histogram (b) of zircons from Mazar diabase

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图 9 辉绿岩墙的构造环境判别图

据Pearce and Norry(1979)；汪云亮等(2001).Ⅰ.板块离散边缘N-MORB区; Ⅱ.板块汇聚边缘区; Ⅱ1.大洋岛弧玄武岩；Ⅱ2.陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧玄武岩); Ⅲ.大洋板内洋岛、海山玄武岩及T-MORB、E-MORB区；Ⅳ.大陆板内(Ⅳ1.陆内裂谷及陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩区, Ⅳ2.陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩区, Ⅳ3.大陆裂谷带玄武岩区); Ⅴ.地幔柱玄武岩区

Fig. 9. Zr/Y-Zr and Ta/Hf-Th/Hf discrimination diagrams

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表 1 西昆仑麻扎达坂辉绿岩墙(15KD02)锆石LA-ICP-MS同位素测年结果

Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of the diabase dykes(15KD02) from Mazar

样品测点	同位素比值								同位素年龄(Ma)								同位素含量(10^-6)		Th/U
样品测点	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th		Th	U	Th/U
15KD02-1	0.053	0.009	0.331	0.057	0.045	0.002	0.013	0.001	328	306	291	43	285	11	262	29	45.70	93.77	0.49
15KD02-5	0.052	0.006	0.316	0.036	0.044	0.001	0.014	0.001	279	204	279	28	278	7	284	17	73.72	136.51	0.54
15KD02-10	0.052	0.006	0.334	0.038	0.046	0.001	0.015	0.001	302	208	293	29	291	7	295	18	51.37	96.23	0.53
15KD02-14	0.053	0.008	0.339	0.052	0.047	0.002	0.016	0.001	311	272	297	39	294	11	313	29	45.56	105.43	0.43
15KD02-15	0.053	0.009	0.315	0.051	0.043	0.002	0.016	0.001	346	286	278	39	270	10	326	29	50.83	106.27	0.48
15KD02-16	0.052	0.006	0.323	0.039	0.045	0.001	0.019	0.001	281	216	284	30	284	8	371	23	47.44	98.68	0.48
15KD02-17	0.053	0.006	0.339	0.037	0.046	0.001	0.017	0.001	325	196	296	28	292	8	331	20	90.69	173.65	0.52
15KD02-18	0.053	0.009	0.342	0.059	0.047	0.002	0.018	0.002	322	304	299	44	296	12	354	33	47.54	93.08	0.51
15KD02-20	0.054	0.007	0.327	0.041	0.044	0.001	0.014	0.001	352	227	287	32	279	9	282	20	76.65	151.51	0.51
15KD02-22	0.054	0.007	0.340	0.044	0.046	0.001	0.017	0.001	369	234	297	33	287	9	344	26	38.37	92.35	0.42
15KD02-23	0.053	0.007	0.339	0.045	0.046	0.002	0.017	0.001	325	241	296	34	293	9	349	25	47.56	105.77	0.45
15KD02-26	0.052	0.008	0.316	0.050	0.044	0.002	0.011	0.001	304	282	279	38	276	10	230	21	60.09	98.67	0.61
15KD02-27	0.054	0.005	0.349	0.033	0.047	0.001	0.013	0.001	370	170	304	25	295	7	270	17	72.04	154.75	0.47
15KD02-29	0.053	0.008	0.345	0.048	0.047	0.002	0.015	0.001	339	252	301	36	296	10	300	24	45.39	87.98	0.52

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表 2 麻扎达坂辉绿岩(15KD02)主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)含量

Table 2. Major element (%) and trace element (10^-6) concentrations of the diabase (15KD02) from Mazar

样品	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
SiO₂	50.15	50.15	48.29	50.11	49.75	49.08	50.21
Al₂O₃	18.14	17.99	19.17	18.17	17.99	18.52	17.72
Fe₂O₃	2.82	2.56	2.50	3.02	3.46	2.72	3.56
FeO	6.26	6.50	6.88	6.05	5.70	6.75	6.00
CaO	6.70	6.83	5.39	7.18	8.09	6.67	6.94
MgO	5.08	5.13	5.16	4.94	4.46	5.36	4.61
K₂O	2.18	1.98	2.69	1.89	1.55	2.08	1.53
Na₂O	2.94	2.88	2.88	2.92	3.00	2.67	3.22
TiO₂	1.10	1.10	1.12	1.10	1.11	1.13	1.14
P₂O₅	0.24	0.22	0.23	0.25	0.24	0.23	0.24
MnO	0.18	0.18	0.25	0.18	0.17	0.19	0.19
LOI	4.17	4.41	5.40	4.13	4.41	4.53	4.58
Mg^#	0.39	0.39	0.38	0.38	0.36	0.39	0.36
A/CNK	0.75	0.74	0.90	0.72	0.66	0.78	0.72
A/CN	2.52	2.61	2.50	2.65	2.72	2.79	2.55
Total	99.96	99.93	99.96	99.94	99.93	99.93	99.94
La	21.02	18.23	16.74	19.57	18.68	19.00	19.96
Ce	48.47	44.21	38.51	46.21	45.21	44.21	48.21
Pr	6.12	5.49	5.03	5.87	5.88	5.49	6.06
Nd	23.79	21.12	19.54	23.15	23.52	21.42	23.54
Sm	5.49	5.02	4.65	5.36	5.56	5.05	5.40
Eu	1.61	1.51	1.37	1.55	1.62	1.47	1.58
Gd	4.98	4.60	4.28	4.89	4.90	4.55	5.00
Tb	0.77	0.75	0.66	0.75	0.75	0.70	0.77
Dy	4.50	4.35	3.99	4.42	4.35	4.11	4.59
Ho	0.89	0.86	0.77	0.92	0.87	0.84	0.92
Er	2.47	2.28	2.16	2.53	2.44	2.35	2.50
Tm	0.38	0.34	0.33	0.37	0.36	0.36	0.39
Yb	2.45	2.21	2.15	2.41	2.35	2.32	2.51
Lu	0.36	0.32	0.32	0.36	0.35	0.35	0.38
Y	24.98	22.57	20.58	22.83	23.49	22.80	23.85
Cu	29.2	27.9	14.4	27.7	32.7	24.9	20.4
Pb	10.6	9.2	74.6	14	30.7	9.27	12.4
Zn	130	132	190	131	124	138	153
Cr	28.2	31.2	34.0	29.7	28.0	33.4	28.8
Ni	13.4	12.8	11.6	14.0	10.8	13.8	11.3
Co	25.2	26.3	26.1	26.0	24.6	28.4	25.6
Li	105.0	88.6	133.0	100.0	96.6	117.0	112.0
Rb	90.8	99.9	145.0	103.0	87.2	126.0	95.5
Cs	3.2	4.0	4.6	2.9	2.0	4.5	1.6
Sr	739.0	676.0	576.0	839.0	881.0	629.0	816.0
Ba	528.0	430.0	490.0	494.0	467.0	395.0	487.0
V	202.0	207.0	211.0	208.0	200.0	210.0	204.0
Sc	20.0	21.4	21.0	21.8	19.6	21.4	22.9
Nb	8.56	8.35	7.39	8.53	8.42	8.17	8.71
Ta	0.58	0.56	0.45	0.52	0.52	0.51	0.54
Zr	126	123	114	128	137	122	132
Hf	3.38	3.27	3.07	3.47	3.65	3.15	3.44
Ga	18.4	19.7	21.0	20.3	21.2	19.8	22.1
U	0.98	0.95	0.82	1.02	1.02	0.91	1.33
Th	2.86	2.97	2.57	3.24	3.11	2.91	3.31
Ba/La	25.12	23.59	29.27	25.24	25.00	20.79	24.40
Th/Yb	1.17	1.35	1.20	1.34	1.32	1.26	1.32

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表 3 麻扎达坂辉绿岩(15KD02)锆石Hf同位素组成

Table 3. Zircon Hf isotopic data of the diabase (15KD02) from Mazar

测点	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	±2σ	ε_Hf(t)	T_DM1(Ga)	T_DM2(Ga)	f_Lu/Hf
15KD02-1	0.054 493	0.001 291	0.282 791	0.000 022	6.72	0.66	0.88	-0.96
15KD02-5	0.040 078	0.000 924	0.282 761	0.000 025	5.74	0.70	0.94	-0.97
15KD02-10	0.044 622	0.001 021	0.282 832	0.000 023	8.24	0.60	0.78	-0.97
15KD02-14	0.073 878	0.001 757	0.282 890	0.000 035	10.14	0.52	0.66	-0.95
15KD02-15	0.081 298	0.001 911	0.282 842	0.000 026	8.41	0.60	0.77	-0.94
15KD02-16	0.079 855	0.001 858	0.282 937	0.000 030	11.78	0.46	0.55	-0.94
15KD02-17	0.068 240	0.001 611	0.282 765	0.000 033	5.77	0.70	0.94	-0.95
15KD02-18	0.105 478	0.002 426	0.282 994	0.000 026	13.70	0.38	0.43	-0.93
15KD02-20	0.056 655	0.001 345	0.282 776	0.000 037	6.19	0.68	0.91	-0.96
15KD02-22	0.053 303	0.001 289	0.282 754	0.000 026	5.42	0.71	0.96	-0.96
15KD02-23	0.074 737	0.001 715	0.282 853	0.000 032	8.84	0.58	0.74	-0.95
15KD02-26	0.032 291	0.000 780	0.282 711	0.000 021	4.00	0.76	1.05	-0.98
15KD02-27	0.036 467	0.000 868	0.282 738	0.000 026	4.95	0.73	0.99	-0.97
15KD02-29	0.042 410	0.000 984	0.282 788	0.000 021	6.67	0.66	0.88	-0.97

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