Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of the Ordovician Volcanic Rock in Ejiana, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 内蒙古额济纳地区广泛出露的奥陶纪火山岩是中亚造山带南缘中段早古生代地质事件的重要响应，对研究及认识古亚洲洋的演化有着重要的启示.对内蒙古额济纳旗呼仍巴斯克地区咸水湖组火山岩与白云山组凝灰岩进行了岩石学、同位素年代学和全岩主、微量元素地球化学研究.结果显示：咸水湖组为一套基性-酸性熔岩及其同质的火山碎屑岩组合，白云山组凝灰岩为酸性凝灰岩；火山岩与凝灰岩皆属于亚碱性系列岩石，主要表现出钙碱性系列的演化趋势，具有富钙，富铝，贫镁，较大的TFeO/MgO比值的特征，稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾斜型，同时富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），亏损高场强元素（HFSE）；咸水湖组流纹岩样品的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素谐和年龄为462±3 Ma（MSWD=1.6），显示其形成时代为中奥陶世晚期.通过分析比对认为，不同于其西部希热哈达、伊哈托里等地区的岛弧环境，额济纳旗呼仍巴斯克地区奥陶纪火山岩形成于陆缘弧构造背景，揭示了中-晚奥陶世蒙古国境内Zoolen大洋向内蒙古额济纳地区明水-旱山陆块北缘俯冲作用的存在.Abstract: As the responses to the geological events on the southern margin of Central Asian Orogenic Belt in early Paleozoic, Ordovician volcanic rocks exposed in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia, offer important enlightenment for the evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean. In this paper, the volcanic rocks and tuffs of Xianshuihu group and Baiyunshan group exposed in Hurengbasike area, Ejin Banner, are studied, including their petrology isotope chronology and geochemical characteristics such as major and trace elements. The results show that the lithology combination of Xianshuihu group is a series of basalt-basaltic andesite-andesite-rhyolite, as well as their volcanic lastic rocks, volcanic debris lava, while tuffs in baiyunshan group are mainly acidic. The volcanic rocks and tuffs belong to the sub-alkaline series, mainly showing the trends of calc-alkaline series evolution, and they are characterized by rich calcium and aluminum, poor magnesium, and larger TFeO/MgO ratios. Besides, the volcanic rocks have enriched LILE, LREE and depleted HFSE, with their REE distribution curves inclining to the right. Test results of SHRIMP zircon U-Pb isotope of the rhyolite sample from xianshuihu group yields a concordia age of 462±3 Ma(MSWD=1.6), indicating its formation era of late Ordovician, The tectonic setting of these volcanic rocks are different from the island arc volcanic rocks of Yihatuoli and Xirehada area in the west, belonging to the active continental margin, revealing the subduction of Zoolen Ocean in Mongolia towards the northern margin of Mingshui-Hanshan block during Middle Ordovician.
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Key words:
- volcanic rock /
- SHRIMP /
- chronology /
- Beishan orogen /
- Ejin Banner /
- Inner Mongolia /
- geochemistry
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图 1 内蒙古额济纳地区奥陶纪大地构造位置简图
图a根据潘桂棠等（2016）、吴元伟（2014），有修改；图b根据Jahn et al.（2000）
Fig. 1. Ordovician tectonic sketch of Ejina, Inner Mongolia
图 2 呼仍巴斯克地区地质图（左）及咸水湖组柱状图（右）
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of Hurengbasike area(left) and histogram of Xianshuihu Group(right)
图 3 呼仍巴斯克咸水湖组火山岩、火山碎屑岩照片
a.玄武安山岩间粒-间隐结构；b.安山岩；c.流纹岩斑状结构-基质包含霏细结构；d.安山质含角砾熔结凝灰岩；e.安山质角砾熔岩；f.火山集块岩
Fig. 3. Microphotograph of Ordovician volcanic rocks in Hurengbasike
图 4 咸水湖组流纹岩SHRIMP U-Pb同位素测试结果
a.异常测点阴极发光照片；b.样品锆石阴极发光照片；c.样品锆石U-Pb谐和图；d.加权平均年龄图
Fig. 4. Test results for SHRIMP U-Pb isotopic for the volcanic rocks from xianshuihu group
图 5 内蒙古额济纳地区奥陶纪火山岩岩石化学分类图解
a.火山岩TAS图解（Pc.苦橄玄武岩；B.玄武岩；O1.玄武安山岩；O2.安山岩；O3.英安岩；R.流纹岩；S1.粗面玄武岩；S2.玄武质粗面安山岩；S3.粗面安山岩；T.粗面岩、粗面英安岩；F.副长石岩；U1.碱玄岩、碧玄岩；U2.响岩质碱玄岩；U3.碱玄质响岩；Ph.响岩；Ir. Irvine分界线, 根据Irvine et al., 1971）；b.火山岩Nb/Y-SiO2图解（根据Winchester and Floyd, 1977.）；c.火山岩K2O-SiO2图解（实线据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976）；d.火山岩AMF图解（根据Irvine et al., 1971）
Fig. 5. Geochemical classification and discriminant diagrams of the Ordovician volcanic rocks in Ejina, Inner Mongolia
图 6 额济纳地区奥陶纪火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram and N-MORB-normalized trace elements spider-diagram of the Ordovician volcanic rocks in Ejina, Inner Mongolia
图 7 额济纳地区奥陶纪火山岩源区及构造环境判别图解
a. Nb/Th-Ce图解（底图根据赵忠华等，2011）；b. La/Nb-Ba/Nb图解；c. Y/15-La/10-Nb/8图解（根据Cabanis et al., 1989）；d. Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解（根据Pearce et al., 1982）；e.安山岩La/Y-Th图解（根据Condie, 1986）；f.Rb-Y+Nb图解（根据Pearce et al., 1984）
Fig. 7. Tectonic discriminant diagrams of the Ordovician volcanic rocks in Ejina, Inner Mongolia
图 8 额济纳地区中-晚奥陶世构造模式图
Fig. 8. Tectonic models for in the Middle-Late Ordovician Ejina area
表 1 咸水湖组火山岩锆石U-Pb同位素分析测试结果
Table 1. Analysis results of SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating isotopic for the volcanic rocks from Xianshuihu group
元素含量 同位素比值 年龄 测试点 U
(10-6)Th
(10-6)232Th
/238U206Pb
(10-6)238U
/206Pb±% 207Pb
/206Pb±% 208Pb
/232Th±% 238U
/206Pb"1σ err" 207Pb
/206Pb"1σ err" 208Pb
/232Th"1σ err" PM14B44-1.1 544 205 0.39 32.30 14.47 1.3 0.0561 9 1.3 0.021 1 1.8 430.4 5.4 438 35 417 9 PM14B44-2.1 429 233 0.56 27.60 13.33 1.3 0.0580 4 1.4 0.023 0 1.8 465.5 5.9 483 46 452 10 PM14B44-3.1 242 174 0.74 15.60 13.34 1.4 0.0575 0 1.8 0.023 1 2.0 465.7 6.2 500 40 461 9 PM14B44-4.1 358 180 0.52 22.90 13.42 1.4 0.0563 9 1.5 0.023 4 1.9 461.9 6.1 377 50 452 11 PM14B44-5.1 256 119 0.48 16.00 13.76 1.4 0.0576 0 1.7 0.022 5 2.1 451.6 6.0 476 43 443 10 PM14B44-6.1 415 229 0.57 25.60 13.93 1.3 0.0554 1 1.5 0.022 0 1.8 446.3 5.7 384 37 432 8 PM14B44-7.1 246 111 0.47 15.90 13.33 1.4 0.0581 0 2.3 0.022 7 2.2 464.9 6.2 437 71 433 13 PM14B44-8.1 326 169 0.54 21.00 13.32 1.3 0.0568 3 1.6 0.023 4 1.9 465.7 6.1 411 49 455 10 PM14B44-9.1 266 183 0.71 17.30 13.26 1.4 0.0544 0 1.7 0.023 1 2.0 468.0 6.4 342 42 455 9 PM14B44-10.1 212 122 0.60 13.80 13.22 1.5 0.0579 0 1.9 0.023 5 2.2 469.7 6.7 495 51 465 11 PM14B44-11.1 393 30 0.08 21.60 15.64 1.3 0.0565 6 1.5 0.022 7 3.4 398.2 5.1 362 55 339 44 PM14B44-12.1 176 91 0.54 22.00 6.874 1.4 0.0698 2 1.4 0.044 6 2.1 875.2 11.5 913 29 877 19 PM14B44-13.1 281 116 0.43 18.70 12.87 1.4 0.0572 4 1.7 0.024 5 2.1 481.3 6.3 431 50 472 12 PM14B44-14.1 445 244 0.57 26.90 14.20 2.0 0.0602 3 1.3 0.023 0 2.3 436.4 8.5 445 59 431 13 PM14B44-15.1 153 80 0.54 9.75 13.46 1.6 0.0596 0 2.2 0.023 2 2.5 459.7 7.1 417 98 433 18 PM14B44-16.1 132 69 0.54 8.46 13.41 1.5 0.0601 0 2.4 0.023 7 2.6 460.3 7.0 381 117 433 21 PM14B44-17.1 498 399 0.83 29.50 14.49 1.3 0.0556 7 1.3 0.021 6 2.0 429.9 5.5 417 33 429 7 PM14B44-18.1 271 180 0.69 17.40 13.39 1.4 0.0617 0 1.6 0.024 2 1.9 461.6 6.2 483 79 456 13 PM14B44-19.1 151 68 0.47 9.51 13.66 1.5 0.0593 0 2.3 0.023 5 2.6 454.3 6.6 489 63 450 14 PM14B44-20.1 558 448 0.83 35.30 13.59 1.3 0.0571 7 1.2 0.023 3 1.5 457.0 5.7 442 35 459 7 PM14B44-21.1 189 77 0.42 12.10 13.45 1.4 0.0585 0 2.0 0.024 5 3.8 460.7 6.5 444 108 464 28 PM14B44-22.1 161 60 0.39 10.30 13.38 1.5 0.0596 0 2.2 0.024 3 2.6 462.2 6.7 419 115 441 28 
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