Neoproterozoic Magmatic Records in the North Beishan Orogenic Belt: Evidence of the Gneissic Granites from the Hazhu Area, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 北山造山带位于中亚造山系中段，带内各古老陆块的前寒武纪演化历史是了解北山造山带形成和演化的关键问题.本文选取北山北带哈珠地区片麻状花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学分析.结果显示哈珠地区片麻状花岗岩形成于885±4 Ma，首次揭示了北山北带存在新元古代岩浆活动.哈珠片麻状花岗岩主量元素具有高SiO2、低CaO、高K2O+Na2O的特征，铝饱和指数A/CNK>1，属过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩.稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线呈现出轻稀土富集，重稀土亏损，铕强烈负异常的右倾海燕型；微量元素显示岩石富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素.岩石成因分析表明其为S型花岗岩，岩浆来源于变质杂砂岩部分熔融的源区，且初始熔融温度较高（777~798℃）.构造环境判别图解显示其形成于碰撞后由挤压转向伸展的背景，为大陆碰撞的产物.通过与北山南带和东天山地块前寒武纪资料的对比，结果表明北山南带、北山北带和天山造山带中各古老陆块在前寒武纪可能具有一致的演化历史，其共同参与了新元古代Rodinia超大陆的聚合，构成了Rodinia超大陆的一部分.哈珠地区新元古代岩浆事件即为Rodinia超大陆聚合在北山地区的响应.Abstract: The Beishan orogenic belt is located in the middle of the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) and the tectonic history of its Precambrian basement rocks is the key to understand the formation and evolution of the Beishan orogenic belt. In this study, we select the gneissic granites in the North Beishan orogenic belt (NBOB) for zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemical analysis. The results show that the gneissic granites formed in the 885±4 Ma, which reveals the Neoproterozoic magmatic events in the NBOB for the first time. The gneissic granites belong to the peraluminous, high-K, calc-alkaline series and are characterized by high SiO2 and K2O+Na2O, low CaO. The gneissic granites show an enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) with Europium negative anomaly and are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) such as Rb, K, Th, U, but depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Sr, P, Ti. The petrography and geochemical signatures reveal a possible S-type granite affinity and are derived from the partial melting of metamorphic complex sandstone of source area with initial melt temperature (777-798℃). The gneissic granites were likely generated in a continental collision tectonic setting. By comparing our new data with previous results from the Precambrian basement in the South Beishan orogenic belt and the Tianshan block (microcontinent in the Chinese Tianshan), we suggest that the Precambrian microcontinents in the northern Beishan have similar crustal evolutionary history to the South Beishan orogenic belt (SBOB) and Central Tianshan block. They participated in the Rodinia supercontinent aggregation together and formed a part of Rodinia during the Neoproterozoic period. The Neoproterozoic magmatic events in the Beishan area are the response of the Rodinia supercontinent aggregation.
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图 1 北山造山带(a)和哈珠地区地质简图(b)
图a为中亚造山带位置，据Xiao et al.(2010)及贺振宇等(2015)修编；图b据中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心, 2016, 内蒙古1:5万哈珠等四幅区域地质矿产图修编
Fig. 1. Simplified geological maps of the Beishan orogenic belt (a) and Hazhu area (b)
图 2 哈珠片麻状花岗岩野外(a和b)及镜下照片(c和d)；晚石炭世花岗闪长岩野外空间展布特征(e)及露头特征(f)
Qz.石英；Bt.黑云母；Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石
Fig. 2. Field outcrop (a and b) and microphotographs (c and d) of the gneissic granites from Hazhu area; field outcrop (e) and distribution photos of the granodiorite (f)
图 3 哈珠片麻状花岗岩锆石阴极发光图像及年龄谐和曲线
Fig. 3. CL images of the zircons of the gneissic granites from Hazhu area, showing the analyzed spots and their ages
图 4 侵入哈珠片麻状花岗岩中细粒二长花岗岩阴极发光图像及年龄谐和曲线
Fig. 4. CL images of the zircons of the monzonitic granites, showing the analyzed spots and their ages
图 5 哈珠片麻状花岗岩TAS图解(a)、A/NK-A/CNK图解(b)、SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)图解(c)、SiO2-(Na2O+K2O-CaO)图解(d)、稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解(e)和微量元素原始地幔标准化图解(f)
图a据Middlemost(1994)；图b据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)；图c、d据Frost et al.(2001)
Fig. 5. TAS (a), A/NK-A/CNK (b), SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO) (c), SiO2-(Na2O+K2O-CaO) (d), chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (e) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns (f) of the gneissic granites from Hazhu area
图 6 Zr+Nb+Ce+Y-FeOT/MgO图解(a), A-C-F图解(b), SiO2-Zr图解(c), Rb-Y图解(d), Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT)-CaO/(MgO+FeOT)图解(e), Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr图解(f)
图a据Whalen et al.(1987)；图b据Alther et al.(2001)；图d底图据Chappell(1999)；图e据Gerdes et al.(2000)；图f据Patiño Douce(1999)
Fig. 6. Zr+Nb+Ce+Y-FeOT/MgO (a), A-C-F (b), SiO2-Zr (c), Rb-Y (d), Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT)-CaO/(MgO+FeOT) (e) and Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr diagrams (f) for the gneissic granites from Hazhu area
图 7 R2-R1图解(a)和Rb-(Y+Nb)图解(b)
图a据Batchelor and Bowden(1985)，其中R1=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti)，R2=6Ca+2Mg+Al；图b据Pearce et al.(1984)
Fig. 7. R2-R1 (a) and Rb-(Y+Nb) (b) diagrams for the gneissic granites from Hazhu area
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