Helium Resources and Discovery of First Supergiant Helium Reserve in China: Hetianhe Gas Field
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摘要: 氦气是一种重要的战略稀有资源，关系国家安全和高新技术产业发展.但我国贫氦且绝大部分依赖进口，资源安全形势十分严峻，因此开展氦气资源调查非常迫切.通过全国七大含油气盆地及其他地区氦气资源及成因系统调研，明确我国中西部含油气盆地天然气中氦气基本为壳源放射成因，其富集受富含U、Th的酸性岩或基底的分布、背斜圈闭及断裂共同控制.东部郯庐断裂带两侧含油气盆地中氦气为壳源和幔源混合成因，其富集受断裂控制明显.地热或温泉的水溶气中，含量较高的氦气主要为壳源.优选了氦气显示良好、但存在不确定性的塔里木盆地和田河气田及周缘开展氦气资源系统勘查.通过对和田河气田及周缘11口井天然气样品精细取样、分析，首次发现和田河气田为富氦气田，氦气体积含量为0.30%~0.37%（平均0.32%），为壳源成因，折算氦气探明储量1.959 1×108 m3，是我国发现的首个特大型富氦氦气田.因此建议：（1）加快建设和田河气田氦气分离、液化装置，实现气田开发整体效益最大化；（2）尽快论证建设"塔里木盆地氦气战略储备基地"的可行性，开展全国主要含油气盆地氦气资源系统调查；（3）加强氦气成藏理论研究，指导氦气资源勘探.Abstract: Helium is a kind of important strategic scarce resources, which is related to national security and the development of high-tech industries.However, China is poor in helium and most of it depends on imports.The situation of resources security is very serious, so it is very important to carry out helium resources survey.Based on the investigation of helium resources in the seven major petroliferous basins and other areas in China, it can be concluded that the helium in natural gas in petroliferous basins in central and western China is radioactive origin from crust.Its enrichment is controlled by the distribution of acid rock or basement rich in U and Th, structural traps and fracture.The helium in the petroliferous basins located on both sides of Tanlu fault zone in eastern China is originated from the mixing of mantle and crustal sources.Its enrichment is controlled obviously by fracture.The high content of helium in water-soluble gas in geothermal water or hot springs is mainly crustal source.In this study, the Hetianhe gas field and its peripheral areas in Tarim Basin with good helium display but uncertainties are selected for the systematic exploration of helium resources.Through fine sampling and analysis of the 11 natural gas samples from Hetianhe gas field and its peripheral areas, it is found for the first time that Hetianhe gas field is rich in helium, with helium volume content ranging from 0.30% to 0.37%(average 0.32%).As originated from crust, the proven reserve of helium gas is 1.959 1×108m3.So, Hetianhe gas field is the first supergiant helium-rich gas field discovered in China.Therefore, in this paper it is suggested that:(1) accelerating the construction of helium separation and liquefaction units in Hetianhe gas field to maximize the overall benefits; (2) demonstrating the feasibility of constructing "Tarim Basin helium strategic reserve base" as soon as possible, and carrying out systematic investigation of helium resources in petroliferous basins throughout the country; (3) strengthening the theoretical study of helium accumulation to guide helium resources exploration.
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Key words:
- helium /
- Hetianhe gas field /
- Weiyuan gas field /
- Anyue gas field /
- Tarim Basin /
- Sichuan Basin /
- Tanlu fault zone /
- geochemistry
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图 1 1997~2017年全球各国剩余探明氦气储量分布
据USGS①
Fig. 1. Global distribution of remaining proven helium reserves in 1997-2017
图 2 1995~2016年全球各国氦气产量
据USGS①
Fig. 2. Global distribution of helium yields in 1995-2016
图 3 和田河气田石炭系生屑灰岩段顶面构造图
Fig. 3. Top structure map of Carboniferous clastic limestone section in Hetianhe gas field
表 1 四川盆地天然气中氦气体积含量统计
Table 1. Statistics of helium volume contents in natural gases in Sichuan Basin
表 2 塔里木盆地天然气中氦气体积含量统计
Table 2. Statistics of helium volume contents in natural gases in Tarim Basin
区带 油气田 层位 井名 井深(m) He(%) R/Ra 来源 塔西南 和田河 O 玛4、4-H1 - 0.213~0.249 0.083~0.091 刘全有等, 2009 - 0.044~0.048 Liu et al., 2012 巴什托普 C 麦3、4 4 300~4 347 0.68~0.73 - 常兴浩和宋凯, 1997 亚松迪 巴探2 1 920~1 930 0.22 - 余琪祥, 2013 阿克莫木 K 阿克1 - 0.038 0.549 Liu et al., 2012 - 0.093 刘全有等, 2009 柯克亚 J-K 柯深102 - 0.004 - Liu et al., 2012 N 柯8 3 283~3 304 0.005 0.056 Xu et al., 1995 塔中 - O 塔中1、16-6、242、26、45、62、621 - 0.005~0.054 0.032 Liu et al., 2012 塔中1 3 666 0.054 0.033 徐永昌等, 1998 S 塔中117 - 0.014 - Liu et al., 2012 C 塔中103、4-7-H22、4-8-30、4-18-7、6 - 0.001~0.233 1 0.027~0.030 塔北 塔河 Pt 沙3 - 0.03 0.042 Liu et al., 2012 ∈ 沙6、7 - 0.04~0.34 - 余琪祥, 2013 O 沙参2；沙5、13、15 4 969~5 782 0.07~2.19 - Liu et al., 2012 O 沙参2；沙13 - 0.07~0.94 - Xu et al., 1995 O 沙参2 5 300 0.049 0.159 邓树立等, 1995 O 沙14 - 0.005 - C-P 沙18 - 0.004 - T 沙14、18、9 - 0.010~0.068 - J 沙4 - 0.020 - 余琪祥, 2013 K 沙6、15 5 361.50~5 393 0.05~0.19 - 邓树立等, 1995 沙5、21 - 0.003~0.013 - Liu et al., 2012 沙7、雅克1 - 0.001 0.132~0.166 E 沙45 - 0.000 1 - 轮古-轮南 O 轮古201 - 0.04 0.021~0.061 刘全有等, 2009 O 轮南10；轮古201、15-18、16-2 - 0.002~0.031 - Liu et al., 2012 O 轮南10 - 0.243 0.059 徐永昌等, 1998 O 轮南17 - 0.028 0.032 Xu et al., 1995 O-C 轮南17 - 0.19 0.034 徐永昌等, 1998 C 轮南14 5 266 0.103 0.043 T 轮南2-2、2-2-3、2-24-2 - 0.024~0.928 0.035~0.061 T 轮南2-25-H1、2-33-1、2-34-5 - 0.001~0.302 9 0.040~0.061 Liu et al., 2012 轮南3 - 0.004 - 邓树立等, 1995 J 轮南33-1、34-2、5 - 0.022~0.052 0.056~0.076 徐永昌等, 1998 解放渠 O 解放123 - 0.181 0.029 徐永昌等, 1998 O 解放127 - 0.000 4 - Liu et al., 2012 T 解放1-13-4、1-6-4、100、138 - 0.001~0.206 0.045~0.048 T 解放100、131、138 4 251~4 430 0.066~0.085 0.044~0.045 徐永昌等, 1998 牙哈 ∈-O 牙哈7x-1 - 0.000 7 0.044 Liu et al., 2012 K 牙哈1 - 0.007 - E 牙哈1、102、104、23-1-5 - 0.001~0.132 0.024~0.030 N1j 牙哈4 - 0.000 6 0.024 东河塘 O 东河12 - 0.044 - Liu et al., 2012 C 东河1、1-6-8、11 - 0~0.030 0.047~0.061 东河1、4 - 0.230~0.396 0.016~0.047 徐永昌等, 1998 P 东河23 - 0.022 - Liu et al., 2012 哈得 C 哈得113、2-7 - 0.035~0.054 - Liu et al., 2012 - 0.153~0.29 0.022~0.025 刘全有等，2009 桑塔木 T 桑塔木5-4 - 0.000 6 0.040 Liu et al., 2012 吉拉克 C 吉拉107 5 406 0.205 0.015 徐永昌等，1998 T 吉南1、4-H2 - 0.009~0.014 - Liu et al., 2012 玉东 K 玉东2 - 0.023 - Liu et al., 2012 羊塔克 E 羊塔克5 - 0.066 - 英买力 E 英买19 - 0 0.062 Liu et al., 2012 E 英买7 4 700 0.063 0.044 徐永昌等，1998 N 英买6 - 0.007 0.059 Liu et al., 2012 库车 克拉2 K-E 克拉2-1、2-4、2-7、2-10、2-11、2-14 - 0.004~0.006 0.028~0.061 Wang et al., 2018 大北 K 大北102、103、201、202、302 - 0.006 0.045~0.080 Wang et al., 2016 迪那 N 迪那102 - 0.020 - Liu et al., 2012 提尔根 K 提尔根2 - 0.006 - 大宛齐 K-N 大宛105-25 - 0.095 0.041 红旗渠 E 红旗1、2 - 0.006 0.059 台2 E-N 台2 - 0.005~0.023 - 
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表 3 柴达木、准噶尔、鄂尔多斯盆地天然气中氦气体积含量统计
Table 3. Statistics of helium volume contents in natural gases in Qaidam, Junggar and Ordos basins
盆地 区带/地区 层位 井名 井深(m) He(%) R/Ra 来源 柴达木 德令哈凹陷 C 柴页2 939 0.10 - 曹军等, 2016 943 0.78 - 1 000 0.09 - 全吉山地区 E-N 全吉山9-8 - 1.10 0.02 张云鹏等, 2016 团鱼山地区 J KT-7 874~925 0.47~1.14 0.05~0.93 准噶尔 中部坳陷 J 彩508、510、514；泉6；滴20 - 0.107~0.203 0.014~0.053 Xu et al., 2017 南部坳陷 J 沙1955 - 0.236 0.186 鄂尔多斯 富县 O 富古4 - 0.053 0.038 倪春华等, 2010 - O 陕参1 - 0.07 0.027 Dai et al., 2017 - P 苏1、140-31、21、33-18、48-14-76、48-2-86、53、75、77-2-5、77-6-8、95、120-52-85、139；Zhao61;Zitan1 - 0.05~0.09 0.031~0.097 - J Mu16-10 - 0.07 0.022 - T Hu43-10 - 0.08 0.020 刘全有等, 2007 苏里格 P 苏6、13-16、16、19-18、22-15、25、33-18、35-17、38-14、38-16、40-16、41-8 3 226~3 373 0.016~0.035 0.01~0.03
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表 4 郯庐断裂带两侧盆地天然气中氦气体积含量统计
Table 4. Statistics of helium volume contents in natural gases in the basins on both sides of Tanlu fault zone
表 5 中国地热或温泉(井)水溶气中氦气体积含量统计
Table 5. Statistics of helium volume contents in water-soluble gases from geothermal or hot spring wells in China
省/盆地 地热/温泉井 He(%) 幔源贡献He含量(%) R/Ra 来源 渭河盆地 华阴051基地地热井 3.35~3.51 0.02 0.073 张文等，2018 蓝田峪后泉地热井 3.43~3.59 0.24 0.557 兴平华兴金浪地热井 3.12~3.42 - - 周至楼观台地热井 2.46~3.20 - - 咸阳202所地热井 2.17~2.29 - - 西安地热井 0.524~3.416 < 0.02 0.023~0.064 张福礼等，2012 咸阳地热井 0.191~3.140 < 0.02 宝鸡地热井 0.528~0.968 < 0.01 渭南地热井 0.115~3.511 < 0.02 辽宁省 Wenquanci, Benxi 0.115 0.003 0.225 Xu et al., 2014 Tonggangzi, Anshan 0.122~0.132 < 0.01 0.623~0.638 Qianshan, Anshan 0.134 0.009 0.531 Donghuangdi, Haicheng 0.148 0.012 0.654 Xiongyue, Gaixian 0.129 0.007 0.476 Anbo, Pulandian 0.100 0.004 0.321 Jiantang, Pulandian 0.115 0.004 0.327 Hadabei, Xiuyan 0.122 0.005 0.34 瓦房店龙门汤 0.212 0.009 0.34 凤城宝山温泉 0.166 0.012 0.60 辽阳汤河冷泉 0.084 0.015 1.46 Shangguan et al., 1998 大连皮口CO2泉 0.529 0.123 1.87 新金剑汤温泉 0.316 0.013 0.34 山东省 沂南新王温泉 0.315 0.011 0.31 威海洪水岚温泉 0.187 0.017 0.76 云南省 安宁县天下第一场(安宁温泉) 0.143 < 0.001 0.025 盘溪盘3(温泉或地热井) 0.19 0 0.011 内蒙古 克什克腾旗热水镇温泉 0.66~0.73 < 0.005 0.06 戴金星等, 1994 浙江省 泰顺承天温泉 0.44 0.012 0.24 湖南省 汝城热水温泉 0.24 0.002 0.07 福建省 地震局漳州水化站地震1号孔 0.13 0.007 0.48 广东省 丰顺县邓屋地热站 0.162 0.016 0.83 戴金星等, 1992
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表 6 和田河及周缘天然气中氦气体积含量
Table 6. Helium volume contents in natural gases from Hetianhe gas field and its peripheral areas
气田/藏 井号 层位 He含量(10-6) R/Ra 2017年NoblelessSFT质谱仪检测 2018年GC9790色谱检测 和田河 玛5-8H C8+O 2 995.2 2 758 2 928 0.06~0.08 玛5-6H 3 253.5 2 659 2 826 玛5-1H C6 3 206.6 2 697 2 892 玛5-4H C8+O 3 104.8 2 499 2 667 玛4-10H 3 030.5 2 464 2 787 玛4-3H C6 3 699.5 2 995 3 350 玛4-8H C8+O 3 016.6 2 256 2 485 玛4-H1 C6 3 277.8 2 723 2 657 玛4-12H C8+O 2 984.7 2 472 2 882 玛4 3 004.2 2 451 2 819 罗斯2 罗斯2井 O 2 625.3 2 396 2 436 0.07 柯克亚 柯中104 E 93.6 73 76 0.11
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表 7 氦气田工业划分标准
Table 7. Industrial classification of helium gas fields
氦气储量
(106 m3)规模分类 氦气含量
(体积%)含量分类 ≥100 特大型气田 ≥0.500 特富氦气田 50~100 大型气田 0.150~0.500 富氦气田 25~50 中型气田 0.050~0.150 含氦气田 5~25 小型气田 0.005~0.050 贫氦气田 < 5 特小型气田 < 0.005 特贫氦气田 注：标准据 Dai et al.(2017) .
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