藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集

高利娥; 曾令森; 胡古月; 高家昊; 赵令浩; 王亚莹

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.390

藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.390

1.
中国地质科学院地质研究所自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室, 北京 100037
2.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037
3.
中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心, 北京 100037

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2016YFC0600304

国家自然科学基金项目 41425010

国家自然科学基金项目 41430212

国家自然科学基金项目 41503023

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20190057

详细信息

作者简介:
高利娥(1983-), 女, 助理研究员, 主要从事深熔作用的研究

中图分类号: P611
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-08-17
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-15

Rare Metal Enrichment in Leucogranite within Nariyongcuo Gneiss Dome, South Tibet

1.
Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.
National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

摘要

摘要: 拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部，穹隆内花岗岩种类较多，有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩，相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值，富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素，略贫Nb元素.同时，围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明，引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布，铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别，暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区.
- 藏南 /
- 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿 /
- 淡色花岗岩 /
- 稀有金属 /
- 绿柱石 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: The Nariyongcuo gneiss dome, located to eastern Tethyan Himalaya, consists of many types of granites, containing twomica granite, foliated leucogranites, garnet-bearing leucogranite, garnet-bearing pegmatite, and beryl-bearing pegmatite. All the Nariyongcuo leucogranites are evolved granites and resulted from various degrees of collective fractional crystallization of plagioclase, zircon, monazite, apatite and Ti-rich mineral phases. Comparing with Victorinox value of granites, these granites are enriched in rare metal elements of Bi, Cs, Li, Sn, Be, Pb, B, W, Ta, but relatively depleted in Nb. In addition, the wall rocks are also enriched in rare metal elements. Whole rock geochemical data imply that fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism resulted in rare metal mineralization within the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome. In the Himalayan belt, high evolved granites are widely distributed, and commonly contain rare metal-bearing minerals (niobite, tapiolite, cassiterite, beryl), suggesting that the Himalaya belt could be another new important target for the exploration of race metal deposits.
- South Tibet /
- Nariyongcuo gneiss dome /
- leucogranite /
- rare metals /
- beryl /
- petrology

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图 1 (a) 藏南喜马拉雅造山带地质简图和(b)拿日雍措穹隆地质简图

YTS.雅鲁藏布江缝合带; STDS.藏南拆离系; MCT.主中央逆冲推覆带; MBT.主边界逆冲推覆带; LH.低喜马拉雅岩系

Fig. 1. (a) Simplified geologic map of the Himalayan orogenic belt, South Tibet; (b) simplified geological map of the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 各类淡色花岗岩的显微照片.

矿物代号：Ap.磷灰石; Brl.绿柱石; Chl.绿泥石; Gt.石榴子石; Kfs.钾长石; Mol.细晶石; Mus.白云母; Pl.斜长石; Qtz.石英

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs showing the texture and mineral assemblage of leucogranites

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图 3 石榴角闪岩(a), 混合岩化的石榴角闪岩(b, c), 矽卡岩(d), 电气石岩(e)和含电气石的石英岩(f)的显微照片

矿物代号：Hbl.角闪石; Melt.熔体; Py.辉石; Spn.榍石; Tour.电气石; Qtz.石英

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs showing the texture and mineral assemblage of garnet amphibolite (a), migmatite (b, c), skarn (d), tourmalite (e) and tourmaline-bearing quartzite (f)

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图 4 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿内各类岩石的(a)Al₂O₃、(b) K₂O、(c) Na₂O、(d) CaO、(e)TiO₂、(f)P₂O₅、(g)MgO和(h) FeO^*与SiO₂的关系

Fig. 4. Selected major oxides of (a) Al₂O₃, (b) K₂O, (c) Na₂O, (d) CaO, (e) TiO₂, (f) P₂O₅, (g) MgO and (h) FeO^* plotted against SiO₂ for all the rocks in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

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图 5 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿内各类淡色花岗岩的主量元素和微量元素特征

(a)SiO₂-K₂O、(b)A/CNK-A/NK、(c)Hf-Zr/Hf、(d)Eu/Eu^*-Sr、(e)Ba-Rb/Sr和(f)Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta，(f)中的灰色的阴影区域来自文献Ballouard et al.(2016)

Fig. 5. Concentrations and ratios of main and trace elements for all kinds of leucogranites in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

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图 6 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿内各类淡色花岗岩的原始地幔标准化蜘蛛网图(a, b)和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图(c, d)

原始地幔标准化值和球粒陨石标准化值来源于Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 6. Primitive mantle (PM) -normalized trace element (a, b) and chondrite-normalized rare earth element (c, d) distribution patterns for all kinds of leucogranite in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

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图 7 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿内各类围岩的原始地幔标准化蜘蛛网图(a, b)和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图(c, d)

原始地幔标准化值和球粒陨石标准化值来源于Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 7. Primitive mantle (PM)-normalized trace element (a, b) and chondrite-normalized rare earth element (c, d) distribution patterns for all kinds of wall rocks in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

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图 8 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿内各类岩石的稀有金属(a) Sn、(b)W、(c) Be、(d) B、(e)Ta和(f)Nb与SiO₂的关系图

图中蓝色线为花岗岩的维氏值

Fig. 8. Selected rare metal (a) Sn, (b) W, (c) Be, (d) B, (e)Ta and (f) Nb plotted against SiO₂ for all the rocks in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome, the blue lines are Victorinox value of granites

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图 9 拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿内各类岩石的稀有金属(a)Pb、(b)Li、(c)Bi和(d)Cs与SiO₂的关系图解

图中图例与图 8相同

Fig. 9. Selected rare metals (a) Pb, (b) Li, (c) Bi and (d) Cs plotted against SiO₂ for all the rocks in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

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表 1 拿日雍措片麻岩穹隆内所采样品的位置、岩性和序号

Table 1. Location and lithology of samples in the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome

位置	岩性	样品号
岩体	淡色花岗岩	T0388-1到T0388-10、T0701-3、T0701-4、T0701-6、T0701-9、 T0701-10、T0701-13A、T0701-13B T1138-A1到T1138-A3、T1138-B1到T1138-B4
	含石榴子石淡色花岗岩	T1137-GLG1、T1137-GLG2、T1137-GLG3
	片理化淡色花岗岩	T1138-C1到T1138-C4、T1138-D1
	含石榴子石伟晶岩	T1138-F2、T1138-F3
	含绿柱石伟晶岩	T1137、T0388-11
围岩	黑云母片麻岩	T0701-1、T0701-2、T0701-5、T0388-9B、T0388-10B、 T0388-10C、T0388-13
	石墨片岩	T0701-7、T0701-8、T0701-P1到T0701-P4、T0388-P
	石榴角闪岩	T0388-12、T1136-2到T1136-9
	混合岩化石榴角闪岩	T1137-A1、T1137-A2、T1137-A3
	含石榴子石的石英岩	T0701-GN1、T0701-GN2、T0387-2
	含电气石石英岩	T1137-2
	电气石岩	T0701-T、T1137-1
	矽卡岩	T1138-E1、T1138-F1

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