Nanoparticles Features of Groundwater in Kaxiutata Deposit and Its Significance
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摘要: 采集内蒙古卡休他他矿区附近的地下水微粒进行相关分析，同时也采集远离矿区的井水微粒作为对照，利用高分辨率透射电镜对这些微粒进行单颗粒纳米微粒分析，研究表明：卡休他他矿床地下水中的异常金属微粒主要为含Fe、Cu、Zn微粒，含Zn、Cu微粒原子百分含量分别可达80.3%、22.7%，而背景区井水样品中无Ag、Cu微粒，且矿区地下水中与成矿相关的金属元素含量大大高于井水；含金属微粒与深部矿体成分（磁铁矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿等）具有很好的对应性，表明了矿区地下水含金属微粒来自于深部矿体，能携带深部矿体的信息，这为深部隐伏矿体的勘探提供了思路，也能为今后同类型的矿床勘探提供一定的参考.此外，本次研究还表明矿区附近的地下水可能受到了成矿微粒的影响，这可能也会影响到地下饮用水的品质，地下水含金属微粒研究方法也可用于检测地下饮用水的污染.关键字：卡休他他矿床；地下水；含金属微粒；单微粒分析；饮用水污染；环境地质.Abstract: In order to get a better understanding of the deep orebody information of Kaxiutata deposit in the Inner Mongolia, the groundwater particles were collected near the mining area. To have a contrast, the well water particles away from the mining area were also collected. It is found that the samples of groundwater in the mining area contain metal particles, and a high resolution transmission electron microscope was used to study these metal-bearing nanoparticles. The anomalous metal particles in the groundwater of this deposit are mainly Fe, Cu and Zn particles. The contents of Zn and Cu particles in the groundwater of the deposit are up to 80.3% and 22.7% respectively, and there are no Ag, Cu particles in the well samples in the background area, and the metal elements in the mining area are much higher than those in the well water. Metal-bearing nanoparticles and deep orebody (magnetite, pyrite, sphalerite, yellow copper ore, etc.) have a good correspondence. It is also proved that the groundwater containing metal particles from the deep orebody can carry the information of the deep orebody, which provides both a new perspective for the exploration of the deep concealed orebody and reference for the future exploration of the same type of deposit as well. In addition, the study also shows that the groundwater near the mining area may be affected by ore-forming particles, which may also affect the quality of underground drinking water, and the research method of groundwater containing metal particles can also be used to detect contamination of underground drinking water.
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图 1 内蒙古卡休他他矿区地质图及采样位置
据矿区内部资料及赖新荣(2007).1.矿体；2.岩性分界线；3.断层；4.二长花岗岩；5.辉长岩；6.震旦系千枚岩；7.二长花岗岩；8.矿区地下水样采样点
Fig. 1. Geological map and sampling location of Kaxiutata mining area, Inner Mongolia
图 3 卡休他他背景区地下水纳米微粒的(a)EDS分析结果、(b)TEM高分辨率透射照片、(c)选区衍射图片
a.含Al-Fe-Mg纳米微粒；b.含Fe纳米微粒；c.氧化铁纳米微粒；d, e.BaSO4纳米微粒；f.MnO2纳米微粒；g.Fe-Cr-Mn纳米微粒
Fig. 3. Nanoparticles contained in groundwater in background area: (a) EDS analysis results, (b) TEM high-resolution transmission photographs, (c) selection diffraction pictures
图 2 卡休他他矿区地下水纳米微粒群的(a)EDS分析结果、(b)TEM高分辨率透射照片、(c)选区衍射图片、(d)高分辨照片
a.CaSO4纳米微粒；b.CaCO3纳米微粒；c.钾长石纳米微粒；d.BaSO4纳米微粒；e.含Mg纳米微粒；f, g.含Cu纳米微粒；h, i.含Zn纳米微粒；j, k.含Fe纳米微粒；l.含Fe-Cr-Mn纳米微粒；m.NaCl纳米微粒
Fig. 2. The nanoparticles of the groundwater in Kaxiutata mining area: (a) EDS analysis results, (b) TEM high-resolution transmission photographs, (c) selection diffraction pictures, (d) high-resolution photographs
表 1 内蒙古卡休他他矿区地下水(270 m深)纳米微粒(微粒1~22)EDS分析数据(%)
Table 1. Data for EDS analysis of particles (particles 1-22) in underground water of Kaxiutata mine, Inner Mongolia, at a depth of 270 m (%)
元素 纳米微粒号-样品编号 1-B4 2-B3 3-B5 4-B5 5-B4 6-A5 7-A3 8-B5 9-B3 10-B5 11-C2 12-A3 13-A3 14-A3 15-A3 16-A4 17-A4 18-A4 19-A4 20-A5 21-A5 22-A5 OW 79.2 79.6 45.5 49.8 65.3 68.4 24.6 69.1 63.0 14.5 72.5 32.4 70.4 68.7 61.1 62.8 29.7 40.4 67.6 6.7 62.0 70.2 OA 89.7 90.0 61.2 84.3 75.4 85.4 51.1 88.6 82.8 36.2 88.8 44.7 87.7 80.6 74.5 83.6 58.7 64.1 78.4 19.5 82.1 88.8 SiW 1.8 29.9 16.3 4.2 3.1 13.9 2.2 0.8 5.1 12.6 4.7 2.7 6.5 14.3 0.5 1.6 SiA 1.2 22.9 10.7 3.0 3.7 10.4 3.1 0.6 3.6 8.8 3.5 3.0 5.9 9.5 0.9 1.2 AlW 0.5 9.4 8.3 2.9 6.9 0.1 AlA 0.3 7.5 6.0 2.7 4.8 0.2 FeW 0.6 0.1 23.8 30.9 55.8 1.0 24.5 6.4 30.1 53.6 6.1 0.4 86.3 24.7 FeA 0.2 0.0 14.2 11.4 40.0 0.3 8.7 2.2 11.5 30.3 2.8 0.1 72.0 9.0 CaW 12.7 16.2 0.1 3.6 4.6 3.1 10.6 0.7 0.7 3.5 6.3 2.0 CaA 5.7 7.3 0.0 1.8 3.8 1.7 5.0 0.4 0.5 1.6 7.3 1.0 NaW 0.5 0.9 38.3 9.9 5.4 1.3 6.1 NaA 0.4 0.9 36.7 8.1 4.6 1.5 5.0 KW 15.2 KA 8.4 MgW 0.6 18.2 2.3 1.1 0.7 3.1 0.6 3.4 MgA 0.5 13.8 3.1 1.0 0.5 2.5 0.8 2.9 SW 8.2 8.2 3.2 2.5 8.2 0.9 1.0 2.4 SA 4.6 7.0 2.0 1.7 4.8 0.6 0.6 1.6 ClW 0.2 5.4 6.1 4.0 21.8 1.8 1.6 0.5 1.3 6.0 1.4 ClA 0.1 3.0 5.7 2.4 13.5 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.9 3.6 0.8 KW 0.4 0.7 0.1 KA 0.2 0.5 0.1 MnW 2.3 13.1 0.8 1.0 MnA 1.4 9.5 0.3 0.6 PbW PbA ZnW 2.0 33.2 10.5 ZnA 0.8 16.9 5.1 CuW 15.3 22.7 CuA 4.8 7.6 AgW 18.2 AgA 3.5 CrW 14.5 3.7 CrA 11.2 1.4 BaW 40.0 BaA 7.9 TiW 26.5 0.4 0.9 40.1 TiA 10.9 0.2 0.4 21.3 注：下标中：W.Weight，质量；A.Atomic，原子. 
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表 2 内蒙古卡休他他矿区地下水(270 m深)纳米微粒(微粒23~43)EDS分析数据(%)
Table 2. Data for EDS analysis of particles (particles 23-43) in underground water of Kaxiutata mine, Inner Mongolia, at a depth of 270 m (%)
元素 纳米微粒号-样品编号 23-B2 24-B2 25-B2 26-B3 27-B3 28-B3 29-B4 30-B4 31-B5 32-B5 33-B5 34-B5 35-B5 36-B5 37-C1 38-C1 39-C1 40-C1 41-C1 42-C2 43-C2 OW 72.3 20.6 61.1 62.7 66.5 66.4 74.5 62.7 7.9 19.7 11.2 71.1 83.0 62.1 69.7 61.3 68.6 61.6 75.1 55.1 68.0 OA 87.5 47.5 84.3 77.3 78.6 79.4 84.9 74.1 25.4 50.1 29.9 82 92.5 84.7 82.7 84.3 84.2 81.7 85.4 70.6 79.2 SiW 3.6 2.2 10.2 0.6 18.3 1.8 2.9 9.3 3.8 5.2 2.8 3.0 13.1 SiA 2.5 1.7 7.0 0.3 12.3 2.8 2.3 6.3 3.0 3.7 2.1 2.2 8.7 AlW 4.3 2.7 6.7 0.8 3.8 0.5 5.3 AlA 3.1 1.9 4.7 0.6 2.7 0.4 3.7 FeW 19.2 79.4 25.4 9.6 0.4 1.6 2.0 68.4 22.1 2.0 29.2 0.8 29.6 3.4 FeA 6.6 52.5 10 3.3 0.1 0.6 3.7 52.2 8.6 0.7 11.5 0.3 11.3 1.1 CaW 0.3 1.0 15.8 9.1 0.5 9.0 0.3 1.6 8.9 17 0.4 12.5 1.2 1.1 10.0 17.5 0.7 CaA 0.2 0.5 7.8 4.3 0.2 4.1 0.2 4.2 4.1 7.5 0.2 5.9 0.6 0.6 4.5 9.0 0.3 NaW 7.8 12.9 3.2 7.6 9.6 10.9 1.0 6.5 4.0 7.4 8.2 2.0 NaA 6.7 10.6 2.7 6.0 7.9 8.8 0.9 5.6 3.7 5.8 7.3 1.6 KW KA MgW 6.3 3.1 6.4 MgA 5.0 2.6 4.9 SW 0.3 0.7 13 6.9 0.4 7.9 8.1 1.5 0.3 5.6 0.6 7.5 13.0 0.5 SA 0.2 0.5 8.0 4.1 0.2 4.5 4.7 1.0 0.2 3.5 0.4 4.3 8.3 0.3 ClW 0.4 4.6 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 ClA 0.2 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 KW 1.2 0.5 KA 0.6 0.2 MnW 0.3 MnA 0.1 PbW 3.2 PbA 0.3 ZnW 1.1 80.3 1.8 0.9 ZnA 0.4 49.9 0.6 0.3 CuW 3.5 3.6 CuA 1.2 1.2 AgW AgA CrW 0.4 18.5 CrA 0.2 15.1 SrW 0.3 1.1 SrA 0.1 0.2 SnW 2.2 SnA 0.4 SbW 1.0 SbA 0.2 ZrW 1.7 ZrA 0.4 BaW 88.5 4.8 9.9 BaA 66.7 0.8 1.4 TiW 1.2 TiA 0.6 注：下标中：W.Weight，质量；A.Atomic，原子.
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表 3 背景区井水中纳米微粒EDS分析数据(%)
Table 3. Data for EDS analysis of nanoparticles in well water in background area (%)
元素 纳米微粒号-样品编号 44-C3 45-C4 46-C5 47-C4 48-C4 49-C5 50-C5 51-C4 52-C4 53-C3 54-C3 55-C3 56-C3 57-C3 OW 61.4 71.6 72.0 74.2 70.2 12.8 50.9 73.8 68.1 71.0 72.0 71.6 68.9 56.7 OA 74.9 84.8 89.7 91.0 89.0 32.9 85.8 90.4 87.0 85.1 89.7 84.8 85.9 79.7 SiW 1.4 14.0 4.1 2.5 4.9 2.1 10.8 4.1 14.0 4.6 0.8 SiA 1.0 9.4 2.9 3.6 3.4 1.5 7.3 2.9 9.4 3.3 0.6 AlW 10.5 0.7 2.5 0.7 AlA 7.6 0.5 1.8 0.5 FeW 10.0 10.0 0.5 25.8 56.1 25.6 12.9 0.5 10.0 19.8 36.4 FeA 3.5 3.4 0.2 9.0 41.3 9.4 4.4 0.2 3.4 7.1 14.6 CaW 0.5 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.6 2.1 CaA 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.1 Na; W 1.1 4.6 NaA 0.9 4.5 KW 0.7 0.7 KA 0.3 0.3 ZnW 1.6 0.4 1.1 ZnA 0.5 0.1 0.4 MgW 15.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 Mg 12.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 PW 0.4 PA 0.3 SW 0.1 7.8 7.1 6.8 0.1 7.8 0.1 0.2 SA 0.1 4.8 6.0 4.2 0.1 4.8 0.1 0.1 ClW 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 ClA 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 MnW 0.4 0.8 29.8 13.0 0.8 0.4 MnA 0.1 0.3 11.0 9.7 0.3 0.2 CrW 15.7 0.7 1.6 CrA 12.4 0.3 0.6 BaW 14.5 42.0 14.5 14.5 BaA 2.1 8.2 2.1 2.1 TiW 0.3 0.3 TiA 0.1 0.1 SrW 1.1 1.1 SrA 0.2 0.2 注：下标中：W.Weight，质量；A.Atomic，原子.
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