利用低品位菱锰矿矿石热处理制备纳米材料

张常爱; 庆承松; 陈天虎; 刘海波; 陈冬; 胡玮

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.420

利用低品位菱锰矿矿石热处理制备纳米材料

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.420

张常爱^1,2,,
庆承松^1,2,
陈天虎^1,2, ,,
刘海波^1,2,
陈冬^1,2,
胡玮^1,2

1.
合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 安徽合肥 230009
2.
合肥工业大学纳米矿物与环境材料实验室, 安徽合肥 230009

基金项目:

安徽省自然科学基金项目 1708085MD87

国家自然科学基金项目 41472047

国家自然科学基金项目 41672040

国家自然科学基金项目 41572029

国家自然科学基金项目 41772038

详细信息

作者简介:
张常爱(1993-), 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为矿物环境工程材料

通讯作者:
陈天虎

中图分类号: P575
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-11-08
- 刊出日期: 2018-05-15

A Nanomineral Material from Thermally Treated Low Grade Natural Rhodochrosite

Zhang Changai^{1,2
,},
Qing Chengsong^1,2,
Chen Tianhu^{1,2
, ,},
Liu Haibo^1,2,
Chen Dong^1,2,
Hu Wei^1,2

1.
School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2.
Laboratory for Nanomineralogy and Environmental Material, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

摘要

摘要: 通过热处理低品位菱锰矿矿石制备高活性纳米材料，并探究其催化去除NO_x、吸附重金属性能.利用X射线荧光光谱仪、透射电子显微镜等研究菱锰矿矿石组成；利用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析仪、烟气分析仪、原子吸收分光光度计等研究菱锰矿矿石空气中热处理后结构变化及其NH₃-SCR脱硝、重金属吸附效果.菱锰矿矿石主要组分为菱锰矿，含有少量黄铁矿、石英、白云石及硫酸盐.在空气中550℃煅烧1 h后，菱锰矿分解完全，产物以黑锰矿为主晶相，同时含有其他低结晶态锰氧化物；样品表面出现大量3~7 nm气孔，比表面积达到最大（31.5 m²/g）.脱硝实验显示R550在170℃时脱硝效率可达到90%；吸附实验表明R550对Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺均有较好的吸附作用，表明低品位菱锰矿矿石在空气中550℃煅烧可获得高比表面积、高活性的纳米结构化材料，在环境污染物去除方面有潜在的利用价值.
- 菱锰矿 /
- 热处理 /
- 黑锰矿 /
- 纳米矿物 /
- 比表面积 /
- 重金属 /
- 环境地质
Abstract: A nanomineral material was prepared from thermally treated low grade natural rhodochrosite in this study. The composition of natural rhodochrosite was investigated by combining XRF, TEM and chemical method. The substance and structure after calcination were characterized by TG-MS, XRD, SEM, BET, and XPS. The results show that the mineral constituents of the rhodochrosite ore are rhodochrosite, quartz, pyrite and sulfate oxidized from pyrite. When the temperature increases to 550℃, the rhodochrosite calcines gradually, releasing a great amount of CO₂, forming hausmannite and other species of MnO_x. As a result, the porous structure (massive accumulation) occurs on the surface of rhodochrosite, which has the pore sizes in 3-7 nanometer, in particular, the maximum specific surface area is 31.5 m²/g. NH₃-SCR results show that the sample R550 exhibited a high denitration performance. R550 also has a good removal efficiency of cadmium, lead and copper ions. It is indicated that the nano-porous material with better specific surface area can be prepared through calcining rhodochrosite ore at 550℃.
- rhodochrosite /
- heat treatment /
- hausmannite /
- nano-mineral /
- specific surface area /
- heavy metal /
- environmental geology

HTML全文

图 1 菱锰矿矿石、酸不溶物XRD图及酸不溶物SEM图

K.锰白云石；Q.石英；R.菱锰矿；D.白云石；P.黄铁矿

Fig. 1. XRD pattern of rhodochrosite and undissolved substance in acid and SEM photograph of undissolved substance in acid

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图 2 菱锰矿矿石空气气氛TG-MS曲线

Fig. 2. TG-MS curves of natural rhodochrosite

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图 3 煅烧产物XRD图谱

a.煅烧30 min；b.煅烧1 h；R.菱锰矿；K.锰白云石；Q.石英；P.黄铁矿；D.白云石；A.硬石膏；H.黑锰矿

Fig. 3. XRD patterns of natural rhodochrosite and annealed products

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图 4 菱锰矿及煅烧产物SEM图

a.天然菱锰矿矿石；b.550 ℃煅烧；c.600 ℃煅烧；d.700 ℃煅烧

Fig. 4. SEM images of natural rhodochrosite and annealed products

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图 5 菱锰矿及煅烧产物Mn2p的XPS谱图

Fig. 5. XPS spectra of Mn2p of natural rhodochrosite and annealed products

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图 6 菱锰矿及不同温度煅烧后孔径分布

Fig. 6. Pore distribution of natural rhodochrosite and annealed products at different temperatures

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图 7 菱锰矿及不同温度煅烧产物NH₃-SCR脱硝活性

Fig. 7. NO conversion of natural rhodochrosite and annealed products at different temperatures

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图 8 室温下镉、铅、铜离子吸附等温线

Fig. 8. Sorption isotherm of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ at room temperature

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表 1 菱锰矿矿石主要成分及含量

Table 1. Mineral and composition of natural rhodochrosite

成分	碳酸盐矿物	黄铁矿	硫酸盐	有机物	黏土	石英
含量(%)	83.7	5.1	1.3	0.4	3.1	6.4

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表 2 菱锰矿矿石TEM能谱分析结果

Table 2. TEM-EDS results of natural rhodochrosite

分析点号	Mn	Ca	Fe	Mg	晶体化学式	矿物名称
1	0.55	0.21	0.14	0.09	Mn_0.55Ca_0.21Mg_0.09Fe_0.14CO₃	含钙菱锰矿
2	0.78	0.13	0.02	0.07	Mn_0.78Ca_0.13Mg_0.07Fe_0.02CO₃	含钙菱锰矿
3	0.76	0.15	0.02	0.07	Mn_0.76Ca_0.15Mg_0.07Fe_0.02CO₃	含钙菱锰矿
4	0.67	0.20	0.04	0.09	Mn_0.67Ca_0.20Mg_0.04Fe_0.04CO₃	含钙菱锰矿
5	0.00	0.50	0.00	0.50	Ca_0.5Mg_0.5CO₃	白云石

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表 3 不同价态锰含量

Table 3. Conent of Mnⁿ⁺

样品	Mn²⁺(%)	Mn³⁺(%)	Mn⁴⁺(%)
菱锰矿(℃)	51.3	35.0	13.7
550	39.4	42.4	18.2
700	35.9	48.8	15.2

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表 4 菱锰矿不同温度及不同时间煅烧样品的比表面积

Table 4. Specific surface area of natural rhodochrosite and annealed products at different temperatures and time

样品号	表面积(m²/g)
样品号	煅烧30 min	煅烧1 h
菱锰矿(℃)	4.6	4.6
400	5.3	5.4
500	7.3	4.7
520	10.1	8.6
550	21.0	31.5
570	25.9	22.8
600	21.1	25.4
650	18.6	14.5
700	16.2	13.9

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表 5 去除Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺的吸附等温模型参数

Table 5. Sorption isotherm parameters for removal of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺

	Langmuir
	Q_m(mg·g^-1)	K_L(L·mg^-1)	R²
Pb²⁺	343.6	1.658	0.980
Cd²⁺	261.1	0.125	0.971
Cu²⁺	208.6	0.114	0.993

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表 6 不同吸附材料对镉、铅、铜离子吸附能力对比

Table 6. Comparison of adsorption capacities of different adsorption materials for Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺

吸附物	吸附剂	适宜pH	T(℃)	吸附容量(mg·g^-1)	参考文献
Pd²⁺	ZnO with montmorillonite	5.0	室温	88.5	Sani et al.(2017)
	Magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide	5.0	30	79.0	Wang et al.(2016)
	MnO₂/CNTs	7.0	50	78.7	Wang et al.(2007)
	R550	5.0	20	343.6	本研究
Cd²⁺	KMnO₄-treated biomass	5.0	22	28.1	Wang et al.(2015)
	Nano-Pumice	6.0	25	200	Khorzughy et al.(2015)
	芝麻	6.0	25	84.0	Cheraghi et al.(2015)
	R550	6.0	20	261.1	本研究
Cu²⁺	Soybean straw char	5.0	室温	172.0	Tong et al.(2011)
	Porphyra tenera	5.5	20	75.1	Park et al.(2016)
	活性炭纤维	4.0	室温	177.1	Huang and Su(2010)
	R550	5.0	20	208.6	本研究

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