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    大气微纳米颗粒物界面反应与矿物协同演化意义

    董发勤 邵龙义 冯晨旭 琚宜文 李杰 霍婷婷 赵玉连

    董发勤, 邵龙义, 冯晨旭, 琚宜文, 李杰, 霍婷婷, 赵玉连, 2018. 大气微纳米颗粒物界面反应与矿物协同演化意义. 地球科学, 43(5): 1709-1724. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.423
    引用本文: 董发勤, 邵龙义, 冯晨旭, 琚宜文, 李杰, 霍婷婷, 赵玉连, 2018. 大气微纳米颗粒物界面反应与矿物协同演化意义. 地球科学, 43(5): 1709-1724. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.423
    Dong Faqin, Shao Longyi, Feng Chenxu, Ju Yiwen, Li Jie, Huo Tingting, Zhao Yulian, 2018. Interfacial Reaction of Atmospheric Micro/Nano Particles and Significance of Mineral Coevolution. Earth Science, 43(5): 1709-1724. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.423
    Citation: Dong Faqin, Shao Longyi, Feng Chenxu, Ju Yiwen, Li Jie, Huo Tingting, Zhao Yulian, 2018. Interfacial Reaction of Atmospheric Micro/Nano Particles and Significance of Mineral Coevolution. Earth Science, 43(5): 1709-1724. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.423

    大气微纳米颗粒物界面反应与矿物协同演化意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.423
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41572035

    国家自然科学基金项目 41130746

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      董发勤(1963-), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要从事环境矿物学和生态环境协调材料研究

    • 中图分类号: P57

    Interfacial Reaction of Atmospheric Micro/Nano Particles and Significance of Mineral Coevolution

    • 摘要: 综述了大气气溶胶颗粒物的特征、颗粒物的界面反应与矿物协同演化意义;重点介绍了大气颗粒物粒径分布和矿物成分,以及常见有毒有害气体的界面反应产物特征与关键化学过程;总结了矿物颗粒在大气气溶胶形成过程中汇聚、调控、催化的作用,以及颗粒物与大气中SO2、NOx的协同反应机制;分析了微纳米颗粒对二次有机气溶胶形成的影响,以及大气矿物相颗粒界面反应产物组合及协同演化作用.可为进一步研究大气颗粒物与大气中痕量污染气体反应形成二次气溶胶进而影响大气化学组成的过程提供指导,对深入探讨大气矿物颗粒表面特性在复合污染物中多介质反应的微界面化学过程,矿物尘-污染物气溶胶体系在雾-霾形成、转换、新生粒子和阻断行为的复合作用具有重要的环境学意义.

       

    • 图  1  细粒子团聚形成的大颗粒

      武智晖(2016).a.类球状大颗粒;b.长杆状大颗粒;c.絮状无定型体大颗粒

      Fig.  1.  Large particles formed by agglomeration of flaky fine particles

      图  2  五台山景区大气颗粒物SEM照片

      武智晖(2016).a.硅铝酸盐-水分-硫酸盐"核壳结构";b.团聚体

      Fig.  2.  Scanning electron microscope images of atmospheric particulates in Mount Wutai

      图  3  大气微纳米颗粒在气溶胶形成过程中的成核和汇聚作用

      Fig.  3.  Nucleation and aggregation of aerosol particles during aerosol formation

      图  4  SO2在矿物颗粒物表面的反应

      袁小燕等(2016)

      Fig.  4.  The reaction of SO2 on the surface of mineral particles

      图  5  矿尘颗粒和SO2反应机理示意

      Fig.  5.  Schematic diagram of reaction mechanism between mineral dust and SO2

      图  6  石膏和方解石连生构造

      陈天虎和徐惠芳(2003)

      Fig.  6.  Gypsum and calcite intergrowth structure

      表  1  国内外不同地区大气气溶胶颗粒粒径分布对比

      Table  1.   Comparison of aerosol particle size distribution in different areas

      时间区域 津京冀 长三角 珠三角 四川盆地 欧洲 美洲
      2000年以前 第1峰:0.5~0.7 μm;第2峰:0.5~0.7 μm 两个峰值分别位于0.1 μm和12.5 μm 10 μm以下的颗粒占80%左右 暂无研究 第1峰:0.002~0.003 μm;第2峰:0.035~0.050 μm 第1峰:0.2~0.5 μm;第2峰:5~30 μm
      2000~2010年 第1峰:0.30~0.35 μm;第2峰:0.50~0.58 μm 春节期间最高浓度处于0.1~0.5 μm 0.25 μm≤D≤1 μm粒子群的平均直径为0.3 μm,占总粒子数的99.4% 暂无研究 第1峰:0.016~0.025 μm;第2峰:0.158~0.251 μm 第1峰:0.36~0.56 μm;第2峰:3.6~5.6 μm
      2010年以后 最高浓度位于0.43~0.65 μm 两个峰值分别位于0.05 μm和0.1 μm 最高浓度位于0.056~18 μm 最高浓度位于0.7~2.1 μm 发现新鲜的道路交通、工业粒子处于0.026~0.093 μm 46%的颗粒小于0.02 μm
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  气溶胶粒子成分形貌类型及来源

      Table  2.   Composition, morphology, type and source of aerosol particles

      颗粒类型 次类型 元素特征 物理特征 来源
      烟尘 烟尘 主要为C 单链和聚集体 煤炭和生物质燃烧,交通排放
      飞灰 飞灰 主要为Si、Al,有时含少量的Na、Mg、S等 球形 煤炭燃烧
      富钾 富K 球形,对电子束敏感
      复杂二次粒子 富硫 富S,含有O 球形,对电子束敏感,变成气泡状 主要来源于大气二次化学反应
      钙硫 CaSO4 针形和长条状
      矿物 晶体矿物 主要含有Si、Al 干的或吸湿性颗粒,单个或复杂聚集体 沙尘,地壳
      有机颗粒 有机 主要有EC 电子束下非常稳定 有机颗粒
      焦油球 主要为C 球形,电子束下非常稳定 生物质燃烧
      金属颗粒 金属 Fe或Zn 球形或不规则 工业生产
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  不同颗粒物矿物特性分析

      Table  3.   Analysis of mineral properties of different particles

      矿物颗粒物 石英(%) 方解石(%) 钠长石(%) 白云母(%) 斜绿泥石(%) 石膏(%) 白云石(%) 高岭土(%)
      甘肃天水 63 14 11 5 4 1 2 0
      甘肃静宁 62 15 12 4 4 1 2 0
      宁夏银川 57 20 8 7 5 1 2 0
      内蒙古托县 51 19 11 4 2 4 6 3
      河北石家庄 36 26 8 0 0 8 10 12
      山西运城 28 17 12 0 0 24 10 9
      河北承德 56 7 25 0 0 0 12 0
      四川绵阳 22 6 27 31 0 3 5 6
      下载: 导出CSV
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