Origin of Magmatic Rocks from Xishan Copper Polymetallic Deposit, Geermu City, Qinghai Province: Insights from Zircon U-Pb Dating and Geochemical Characteristics
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摘要: 格尔木西山铜多金属矿的成矿岩体为似斑状二长花岗岩，位于昆中断裂与昆北断裂之间的秦祁昆晚加里东造山系内，其理论研究工作十分薄弱.以岩石地球化学、同位素年代学为手段进行研究，表明岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类.稀土、微量元素特征为轻稀土富集型，右倾式，具强负铕异常，富集大离子亲石元素（Th、U、K），明显亏损高场强元素（如P、Ti），相对于Rb和Th明显亏损Ba.岩浆为地壳来源，具弱分离结晶花岗岩特征.在似斑状二长花岗岩中获得岩浆锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄（267.5±3.4 Ma）与谐和年龄（267.0±2.9 Ma）的数据，表明岩体形成于中二叠世的同时，也约束了成矿作用的下限.矿床类型应为与花岗质岩浆活动有关的构造热液型多金属矿.Abstract: The magmatic rock of porphyroid monzonitic granite of Xishan copper polymetallic deposit, Geermu City, is located in the Late Caledonian Qinling-Qilian-Kulun orogen between the Central and North Kunlun fault, and the research work is still very poor. Based on the rock geochemistry and isotope chronology, this paper shows that the magmatic rocks belong to high potassium calc-alkaline series and peraluminous granites. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of the magmatic rocks are enriched in the light REE (LREE) and display strong negative Eu anomalies. The magmatic rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Th, U, K), while depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., P, Ti) and in Ba relative to Rb and Th. The magma is the source of the crust and has the characteristics of weakly separated crystalline granite. The U-Pb weighted age (average 267.5±3.4 Ma) and concordant age (267.0±2.9 Ma) acquired in zircon from porphyritic monzonitic granite show that the rock mass formed in middle Permian, which thus constrainted the lower limit of mineralization. The origin of the deposit should be polymetallic tectonic hydrothermal type, which was related to granitic magmatism.
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图 1 青海省格尔木市西山地区地质图
Fig. 1. Geological sketch of Xishan area of Geermu City, Qinghai Province
图 3 似斑状二长花岗岩的SiO2-K2O(a)和A/CNK-A/NK图解(b)
Fig. 3. SiO2-K2O (a) and A/CNK-A/NK (b) diagrams of porphyroid monzonitic granite
图 4 似斑状二长花岗岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(a)和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式(b)
Fig. 4. Primitive-mantle normalized spider diagram (a) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) of porphyroid monzonitic granite
图 5 似斑状二长花岗岩锆石CL图像
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of porphyroid monzonitic granite
图 6 似斑状二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)及加权平均年龄(b)
Fig. 6. U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and weighted age (b) of zircons from porphyroid monzonitic granite
表 1 西山地区似斑状二长花岗岩主量元素含量(%)
Table 1. Contents of major elements of porphyroid monzonitic granite from Xishan area(%)
样号 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 P2O5 MnO 灼失量 总计 K2O/Na2O A/CNK 14XSH01 76.29 12.37 0.98 0.28 0.92 0.14 4.42 3.25 0.10 0.02 0.04 1.19 100.00 1.36 1.05 14XSH02 76.98 12.29 1.03 0.15 0.55 0.09 4.41 3.49 0.09 0.01 0.03 0.89 100.01 1.26 1.07 14XSH03 76.48 11.19 1.37 0.17 1.73 0.11 3.95 3.01 0.08 0.01 0.06 1.83 99.99 1.31 0.90 14XSH04 76.77 12.08 1.08 0.15 0.81 0.08 4.55 3.23 0.08 0.01 0.05 1.11 100.00 1.41 1.03 14XSH05 76.94 12.19 1.05 0.22 0.62 0.07 4.36 3.48 0.08 0.01 0.04 0.92 99.98 1.25 1.05 
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表 2 西山地区似斑状二长花岗岩微量和稀土元素含量(10-6)
Table 2. Contents of trace and rare earth elements of porphyroid monzonitic granite from Xishan area (10-6)
样号 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho 14XSH01 23.8 52.7 6.78 25.8 5.82 0.34 5.86 0.97 6.13 1.26 14XSH02 28.2 64.3 7.80 28.9 6.12 0.26 6.13 1.02 6.46 1.40 14XSH03 29.1 64.6 8.27 30.8 6.55 0.32 6.55 1.08 6.80 1.48 14XSH04 28.6 64.8 8.06 30.3 6.18 0.31 5.80 0.93 5.76 1.19 14XSH05 30.5 69.0 8.53 31.8 6.43 0.26 6.18 1.01 6.60 1.45 样号 Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE LREE/HREE δEu δCe LaN/YbN 14XSH01 3.67 0.56 3.65 0.54 34.1 137.88 5.09 0.18 1.02 4.68 14XSH02 4.06 0.62 4.12 0.61 37.5 160.00 5.55 0.13 1.06 4.91 14XSH03 4.24 0.65 4.42 0.64 40.7 165.50 5.40 0.15 1.02 4.72 14XSH04 3.35 0.51 3.35 0.50 30.9 159.64 6.46 0.16 1.05 6.12 14XSH05 4.23 0.66 4.35 0.64 37.7 171.64 5.83 0.13 1.05 5.03 样号 Rb Ba Th U Ta Nb Sr P Zr Hf 14XSH01 173.00 540.00 18.60 4.06 0.93 11.50 61.40 87.32 93.20 4.35 14XSH02 177.00 470.00 23.50 4.48 1.20 14.40 31.10 43.66 106.00 5.15 14XSH03 159.00 572.00 18.50 4.25 0.98 12.40 55.70 43.66 92.10 4.20 14XSH04 175.00 508.00 19.50 4.53 0.91 11.40 35.20 43.66 95.10 4.39 14XSH05 174.00 463.00 24.00 4.73 1.44 16.80 28.50 43.66 112.00 5.45
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表 3 似斑状二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石测年结果
Table 3. LA-ICP-MS isotopic data of zircon from porphyroid monzonitic granite
样品编号 元素含量(10-6) 同位素比值 同位素年龄(Ma) 232Th 238U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 131XS01 208.60 431.51 0.051 88 0.001 31 0.299 92 0.009 11 0.041 93 0.001 16 280.1 56.73 266.3 7.12 264.8 7.18 131XS02 227.09 462.84 0.053 95 0.001 69 0.317 11 0.011 02 0.042 63 0.001 23 368.9 68.90 279.7 8.50 269.1 7.61 131XS03 333.28 486.43 0.052 80 0.001 57 0.307 07 0.010 33 0.042 19 0.001 20 320.1 66.36 271.9 8.03 266.4 7.44 131XS04 57.44 154.05 0.051 83 0.001 78 0.300 71 0.011 18 0.042 09 0.001 23 277.7 76.58 267.0 8.73 265.8 7.61 131XS05 182.27 370.66 0.051 20 0.001 33 0.298 26 0.009 23 0.042 26 0.001 17 249.9 58.81 265.0 7.22 266.8 7.25 131XS06 83.28 228.95 0.051 51 0.001 49 0.302 09 0.009 99 0.042 54 0.001 20 263.9 65.08 268.0 7.79 268.6 7.42 131XS07 215.61 301.14 0.053 82 0.001 76 0.315 38 0.011 28 0.042 52 0.001 24 363.3 71.99 278.3 8.71 268.4 7.66 131XS08 224.99 384.52 0.051 60 0.001 30 0.300 53 0.009 11 0.042 26 0.001 17 267.8 56.95 266.8 7.11 266.8 7.23 131XS09 244.12 354.72 0.052 47 0.001 44 0.310 12 0.009 88 0.042 89 0.001 20 305.8 61.16 274.3 7.66 270.7 7.43 131XS10 153.85 304.64 0.053 62 0.001 63 0.310 30 0.010 55 0.041 99 0.001 20 355.1 67.15 274.4 8.17 265.2 7.44 131XS11 145.92 424.36 0.052 64 0.001 88 0.308 35 0.011 72 0.042 51 0.001 26 313.5 79.10 272.9 9.10 268.4 7.81 131XS12 501.89 544.31 0.053 37 0.001 30 0.309 90 0.009 20 0.042 14 0.001 16 344.4 54.44 274.1 7.13 266.1 7.18 131XS13 103.90 292.55 0.053 19 0.001 58 0.307 93 0.010 31 0.042 02 0.001 20 336.8 66.00 272.6 8.00 265.3 7.40 131XS14 181.29 320.34 0.051 91 0.001 44 0.303 29 0.009 74 0.042 41 0.001 19 281.3 62.41 269.0 7.59 267.8 7.36 131XS15 228.50 462.06 0.054 00 0.001 32 0.311 00 0.009 22 0.041 81 0.001 15 370.7 54.41 275.0 7.14 264.0 7.12 131XS16 434.82 562.34 0.051 88 0.001 34 0.301 59 0.009 22 0.042 20 0.001 17 280.3 57.96 267.6 7.19 266.5 7.24 131XS17 327.60 544.79 0.054 02 0.001 85 0.310 59 0.011 42 0.041 75 0.001 23 371.6 75.01 274.6 8.85 263.7 7.60 131XS18 450.16 562.76 0.051 08 0.001 21 0.297 41 0.008 68 0.042 27 0.001 16 244.5 53.88 264.4 6.79 266.9 7.16 131XS19 101.41 169.90 0.053 45 0.001 91 0.310 86 0.011 82 0.042 23 0.001 25 347.9 78.67 274.9 9.16 266.6 7.75 131XS20 467.42 567.96 0.052 24 0.001 28 0.306 92 0.009 11 0.042 66 0.001 17 295.7 55.07 271.8 7.08 269.3 7.26 131XS21 290.25 467.84 0.051 37 0.001 26 0.300 77 0.008 93 0.042 52 0.001 17 257.2 55.43 267.0 6.97 268.4 7.23 131XS22 190.03 357.58 0.053 28 0.001 84 0.311 84 0.011 56 0.042 51 0.001 25 340.6 76.29 275.6 8.95 268.3 7.74 131XS23 388.80 563.21 0.049 36 0.001 31 0.290 21 0.009 05 0.042 69 0.001 18 165.2 61.00 258.7 7.12 269.5 7.32 131XS24 160.36 348.87 0.051 72 0.001 38 0.301 46 0.009 38 0.042 33 0.001 18 273.2 59.81 267.5 7.32 267.2 7.28 131XS25 66.14 221.35 0.053 88 0.001 62 0.311 53 0.010 47 0.041 99 0.001 20 366.1 66.15 275.4 8.11 265.2 7.39
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