Thermal History Reconstruction of Mesozoic Source Rocks in Western of Suhongtu Depression, Inner Mongolia, Northern China
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摘要: 苏红图坳陷是位于银额盆地东北部的中生代断陷盆地，含油气资源勘探潜力较大.利用研究区7口井的75个镜质体反射率资料，分析了研究区中生界烃源岩热演化程度及分布特点，银根组烃源岩处于未成熟-低成熟阶段，苏红图组底部Ro分布在0.6%~1.2%，凹陷中心巴音戈壁组底部Ro普遍大于1.1%.苏红图坳陷西部中生代以来的热历史恢复表明，研究区现今地温梯度为34 ℃/km，晚白垩世地温梯度约为40.6~46.7 ℃/km，地温梯度从40~42 ℃/km（135~110 Ma）增加到46~50 ℃/km（110~103 Ma），银根组沉积期（100~95 Ma）地温梯度达到最大，为48~53 ℃/km；从乌兰苏海组沉积开始到现今，地温梯度先增大到40~46 ℃/km（92~80 Ma），后逐渐降低为34 ℃/km（80~0 Ma）.研究区早白垩世以来较高的地温场对油气生成、成藏起着重要的控制作用，烃源岩均在乌兰苏海组沉积末期达到最大热演化阶段.Abstract: Suhongtu depression, located in the northeastern of Yin'e basin (Yingen-Ejinaqi basin), is a Mesozoic faulting-subsiding basin with large oil and gas resources. 75 vitrinite reflectance data from 7 wells in the study area are used to analyze the degree of thermal evolution of Mesozoic source rocks. The thermal evolution degree of source rocks in Yingen Formation is in immature to low mature stage. The vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data distribute in 0.6%-1.2% at the bottom of Suhongtu Formation, and they are generally greater than 1.1% at the bottom of Bayingebi Formation in the center of the sag. The results of Mesozoic and Cenozoic thermal history show that the present-day geothermal gradient is 34 ℃/km, and approximately 40.6-46.7 ℃/km in Late Cretaceous. The temperature gradient was 40-42 ℃/km (135-110 Ma) and increased to 46-50 ℃/km (110-103 Ma). Especially, during the deposition period of Yingen Formation (100-95 Ma), the geothermal gradient reached the maximum at about 48-53 ℃/km. From the beginning of Wulansuhai Formation, the geothermal gradient gradually increased to 40-46 ℃/km (92-80 Ma) and decreased to a present-day value of 34 ℃/km (80-0 Ma) ultimately. The higher geothermal field has played an important role in controlling oil and gas generation and accumulation since the Early Cretaceous, and the source rocks have reached the maximum thermal evolution stage at the end of the sedimentary period of the Wulansuhai Formation.
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图 1 研究区构造位置
a.银额盆地苏红图坳陷西部构造分区及钻井位置；b.AA′-BB′-CC′构造剖面
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of the study area
图 2 苏红图坳陷西部地层综合柱状图
图中烃源岩评价主要依据哈日凹陷有机质丰度TOC(%)，氯仿沥青“A”(%)及S1+S2(mg/g)
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column in the western Suhongtu depression
图 3 银额盆地苏红图坳陷西部Ro-h关系
Fig. 3. Vitrinite reflectance data(Ro) versus depth in the western Suhongtu depression
图 4 利用镜质体反射率、声波时差法推算YHC-1、YBC-1剥蚀厚度
Fig. 4. Calculated erosion thickness using vitrinite reflectance and mudstone acoustic travel time from YHC-1 and YBC-1 wells
图 5 银额盆地苏红图坳陷YHC-1、YBC-1井地温场特征
a.YHC-1井现今地温梯度；b.YHC-1井最大古地温梯度；c.YBC-1井最大古地温梯度
Fig. 5. Characteristics of geothermal field in the western Suhongtu depression
图 6 银额盆地苏红图坳陷西部不同层位镜质体反射率Ro等值线平面分布
a.银根组底部等值线图；b.苏红图组底部；c.巴音戈壁组底部
Fig. 6. Vitrinite reflectance isopach maps of the different formations in the western Suhongtu depression
图 7 银额盆地苏红图坳陷西部YHC-1、YBC-1井沉积速率演化
大写字母(A，B，C，D)代表沉积阶段；小写字母(a，b，c，d)代表剥蚀阶段
Fig. 7. Sedimentary rate evolution history of YHC-1, YBC-1 in the western of Suhongtu depression
图 8 银额盆地苏红图坳陷YHC-1、YBC-1井地温梯度演化历史
Fig. 8. Thermal gradient evolution history of the studied wells in the Suhongtu depression
图 9 苏红图坳陷西部热演化史
a.延哈参1井；b.延巴参1井.“+”代表实测Ro数据，图中黑实线与红实线分别表示Ro回归及模拟拟合曲线
Fig. 9. Thermal histories in the western Suhongtu depression
图 10 苏红图坳陷西部YHC-1井油气生成速率及累积产量演化历史
a.产油速率及累积产油量；b.产气速率及累积产气量.折线代表生烃速率，点线代表生烃累积量，不同层位烃源岩生烃速率及累计量均以底部烃源岩为主
Fig. 10. Rate and accumulation of oil and gas generation evolution history of YHC-1 well in the western Suhongtu depression
表 1 苏红图坳陷西部延长探区烃源岩有机地化统计
Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation results of Lower Cretaceous source rocks in the western Suhongtu depression
烃源岩层位 哈日凹陷 巴北凹陷 TOC(%) “A”(%) S1+S2(mg/g) Ro(%) 有机质类型 综合评价 TOC(%) “A”(%) S1+S2(mg/g) Ro(%) 有机质类型 综合评价 K1y 1.43~4.48 0.56(2) 7.97~28.77 0.58 Ⅰ/Ⅱ1 好 0.02~1.34 / 0.04~2.20 0.44 Ⅰ/Ⅱ1 差 2.75(416) 18.59(512) 0.47(4) 0.90(8) K1s2 0.82~2.1 0.08(2) 2.48~11.28 0.75 Ⅰ/Ⅱ1/Ⅱ2 好 0.01~1.04 0.003(1) 0.1~1 0.66 Ⅱ2/Ⅲ 非 1.39(354) 6.69(335) 0.29(44) 0.45(68) K1s1 0.12~1.24 0.02(3) 0.84~4.5 0.82 Ⅱ1/Ⅱ2 差 0.06~0.99 0.005(2) 0.08~1.12 0.81 Ⅱ2/Ⅲ 非 0.56(222) 2.49(164) 0.24(54) 0.48(67) K1b2 0.20~1.15 0.06(10) 0.43~4.68 1.03 Ⅱ1/Ⅱ2 中等 0.06~1.29 0.13(4) 0.10~13.54 0.87 Ⅱ1/Ⅱ2 差－中等 0.62(386) 2.78(246) 0.38(64) 1.77(78) K1b1 0.06~1.71 0.08(15) 0.40~7.11 1.19 Ⅱ1/Ⅱ2 中等－好 0.05~0.54 0.005(4) 0.1~1.7 1.24 Ⅱ1/Ⅱ2 非 1.12(145) 3.34(162) 0.20(82) 0.55(114) 注：TOC和S1+S2横线下为平均值及数据个数. 
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