Ecological Monitoring and Environmental Significance of Testate Amoebae in Subalpine Peatlands in West Hubei Province, China
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摘要: 开展湿地的生态监测研究是理解当今气候变化背景下湿地的生态响应、动态演化和生态服务功能变化的有效途径，也是湿地保护、科学管理、合理规划和生态恢复的内在需求.以我国鄂西地区广泛分布的典型亚高山泥炭湿地为研究地点，以在湿地中大量生活且对环境变化敏感的环境指示生物——有壳变形虫为研究对象，采用了一种较新的泥炭湿地水位长期定点监测方法——"PVC印迹法"监测湿地水位的长期变化，调查了有壳变形虫的生物多样性、群落组合特征及其与水位等主要环境因子的响应关系，共记录到有壳变形虫27种和类群（type），隶属14个属.对有壳变形虫的群落组成与环境因子的关系排序分析显示，泥炭湿地的水位是有壳变形虫群落组成的主控环境因子，构建了有壳变形虫属种与水位的转换函数，该函数具有较好的预测和推导能力（R2=0.62），为该地区泥炭湿地的古水位重建提供了现代过程的数据支持.Abstract: Ecological monitoring is a key way to understand the processes and dynamics of the response, evolution and function of peatlands in the changing climate, and an internal need for protection, management and ecological restoration of wetlands ecosystem. Testate amoebae are a group of unicellular protists widely distributed in nearly all kinds of habitats, especially in Sphagnum peatlands, which have been widely used as environmental indicators for paleoecological change. PVC (discoloration of polyvinyl chloride) tape was used to monitoring the water level in peatland. Here, investigateld the diversity and abundance of testate amoebae in the subalpine peatlands of West Hubei Province were investigateld. A total of 27 species belonging to 14 genera were identified. The ordination by Redundancy analysis (RDA) implies that the moisture/hydrological conditions (indicated by depth to water table, DWT) are the controlling factors of the testate amoeba community composition. A testate amoebae-based hydrological transfer function is developed, which can be used for the Holocene hydrological reconstruction in peatlands of the region.
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Key words:
- testate amoebae /
- peatland /
- monitoring /
- depth to water table /
- transfer function /
- West Hubei Province
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图 1 2010—2011年监测的平均水位(a)、2011年监测水位值(b)与PVC记录的水位值的线性回归关系
Fig. 1. The linear regression of values between averaging water table depth in 2010 and 2011 with PVC tape recorded data (a); the linear regression of water table depth between data in 2011 and PVC records (b)
图 2 鄂西泥炭湿地有壳变形虫各属所占比例
Fig. 2. Genus proportion of testate amoebae in peatlands near West Hubei Province, China
图 3 冗余分析显示鄂西亚高山泥炭湿地有壳变形虫群落与水位的关系
Fig. 3. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showing the relationship between testate amoeba communities and depth to water table in peatlands in West Hubei Province, China
图 4 2010年监测的水位值(a)以及PVC记录的水位值(b)与有壳变形虫群落构建的转换函数模型
Fig. 4. Hydrological transfer function development for water table depth in 2010 (a), and PVC records (b) with testate amoeba communities
表 1 全球泥炭湿地水位监测的PVC记录
Table 1. Global records of water table depth monitoring by PVC tape in different peatlands
采样点位置 设置的PVC数量 有效的PVC数量 PVC记录与实测水位的相关系数 研究地区 参考文献 湖北恩施 28 24 0.630 长江中游 本研究 威斯康星 97 71 0.840 美国北部 Booth et al., 2005 美国中东部 369 369 0.680 美国中东部 Booth et al., 2008 北卡罗莱纳 42 37 0.550 美国东部 Booth et al., 2008 阿尔卑斯山 80 48 0.920 意大利北部 Bragazza, 1996 阿拉斯加 128 18 0.830 北美洲西北 Markel et al., 2010 阿拉斯加 121 0 无数据 北美洲西北 Payne et al., 2006 苏格兰西南 34 34 0.960 英国中北部 Belyea, 1999 捷克南部 49 49 0.938 捷克南部 Navrátilová and Hájek, 2005 喀尔巴阡山 110 42 0.850 中欧东部 Schnitchen et al., 2006 加拿大东部 101 62 0.930 加拿大东部 Amesbury et al., 2013 
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表 2 鄂西亚高山泥炭湿地有壳变形虫与水位RDA分析结果
Table 2. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results of testate amoeba communities and water table depth from subalpine peatlands in West Hubei, China
排序轴 轴1 轴2 轴3 轴4 特征值 0.21 0.03 0.03 0.23 物种-环境因子关系 0.84 0.55 0.57 0 累积物种-环境变化百分比(%) 76.7 88.7 100 0
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