北祁连青山花岗岩体矿物学特征及其对岩石成因的约束

王楠; 吴才来; 雷敏; 陈红杰; 李名则

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.718

北祁连青山花岗岩体矿物学特征及其对岩石成因的约束

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.718

王楠^1,,
吴才来^2, ,,
雷敏²,
陈红杰²,
李名则³

1.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037
2.
中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
3.
四川省地质调查院, 四川成都 610081

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41272079

中国地质调查局项目 121201103000150004

中国地质调查局项目 12120115027001

中国地质调查局项目 121201102000150005-06

详细信息

作者简介:
王楠(1988-), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 主要从事区域地质调查工作

通讯作者:
吴才来, E-mail:wucailai@126.com

中图分类号: P571
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- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-11-24
- 刊出日期: 2018-04-15

Mineralogical Characteristics of Qingshan Granitic Pluton in North Qilian Orogenic Belt and Their Constraints on Petrogenesis

Wang Nan^1
,,
Wu Cailai^{2
, ,},
Lei Min²,
Chen Hongjie²,
Li Mingze³

1.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resourees Assessment of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.
Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China

摘要

摘要: 北祁连造山带经历了洋盆的打开到闭合这一完整的Wilson旋回，并发育有大量与之相关的花岗质岩体.加深对花岗岩的研究可以为重建俯冲-增生/碰撞造山格架提供关键线索.对带内西段的青山二长花岗岩体进行了岩相学以及造岩矿物化学成分的电子探针原位分析，厘定了其矿物形成的物理化学条件，进一步约束了其岩石成因和构造背景.研究表明，青山二长花岗岩中钾长石全部为正长石，斜长石为中酸性的中长石和更长石，黑云母属镁质黑云母，角闪石则为镁角闪石亚类.锆石饱和温度平均为750 ℃，黑云母的结晶温度平均为647 ℃，氧逸度为-15，推测岩体固结压力约为1.85×10⁸ Pa，形成深度约6.73 km.矿物化学特征显示，青山二长花岗岩为具Ⅰ型花岗岩特征的低熔线花岗岩，并具有壳幔岩浆混源的特点，可能为含水条件下形成的钙碱性花岗岩.
- 地质温压计 /
- 岩石成因 /
- 矿物化学 /
- 二长花岗岩 /
- 北祁连造山带 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: The North Qilian orogenic belt underwent a complete Wilson Cycle through opening and closing of an ocean basin. Deepening the research of granite within can provide pivotal clues to reconstruct the subduction-accretion/collision orogenic framework. On the basis of systematic petrological and petrographical research, this paper conducts electron microprobe analysis on the main rock-forming minerals, aiming to determine the physicochemical conditions during rock formation and provide further constraints on the petrogenesis and tectonic setting. Results show that Qingshan monzogranite is mainly composed of K-feldspar (orthoclase), plagioclase (andesine-oligoclase), biotite(magnesian biotite), amphibole (magnesiohornblende) and quartz. Zircon saturation thermometer shows that the average temperature of initial magma is 750℃. Meanwhile, mineral chemistry analysis reveals that the average crystallization temperature for biotite is 647℃ and the oxygen fugacity during the rock formation is -15, corresponding to solidification depth of 6.73 km and solidification pressure of 1.85×10⁸ Pa. The data in this paper indicates that Qingshan monzogranite is Ⅰ-type subsolvus granite, with the features of crust-mantle mixed source. Thus, it is proposed that Qingshan monzogranite belongs to calc-alkaline granite and produced under water-bearing condition.
- geothermo barometer /
- petrogenesis /
- mineralogical chemistry /
- monzogranite /
- North Qilian orogenic belt /
- petrology

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图 1 北祁连造山带构造位置(a)、早古生代花岗岩分布(b)及青山二长花岗岩地质简图(c)

图a据许志琴等(1999)；图b据Song et al.(2013)

Fig. 1. Tectonic position of North Qilian orogenic belt (a), distribution of Early Paleozoic granites (b) and geological sketch of Qingshan monzogranite (c)

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图 2 青山二长花岗岩野外(a~b)及显微特征(c~d，正交偏光；e~f，单偏光)

Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Qz.石英；Bt.黑云母；Amp.角闪石；缩写据Whitney and Evans(2010)

Fig. 2. Outcrops (a-b), crossed polarising filters (c-d) photomicrographs and plane polarized light (e-f) of Qingshan monzogranite

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图 3 青山二长花岗岩长石端元组分图解

据Smith(1974)

Fig. 3. End-member discrimination diagram for feldspars from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 4 青山二长花岗岩斜长石SiO₂-An相关图

Fig. 4. Diagram of chemical variation of SiO₂ versus An in plagioclases from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 5 青山二长花岗岩黑云母分类图(a)和黑云母组成与氧缓冲对相关图(b)

图a据Foster(1960)；图b据Wones and Eugster(1965)

Fig. 5. Classification diagram for biobite (a) and correlative diagram between biotite composition and oxygen buffer-reagents (b) from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 6 青山二长花岗岩角闪石分类

据Leake et al.(1997)

Fig. 6. Classification for amphiboles from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 7 青山二长花岗岩黑云母结晶温度Ti-Mg/(Mg+Fe)图

据Henry et al.(2005)

Fig. 7. Temperature isotherms calculated from the surface-fit equation on a Ti versus Mg/(Mg+Fe) diagram for biotites from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 8 青山二长花岗岩黑云母lgf_H₂O-10³/K稳定图解(a)和花岗岩温度-压力-水逸度图解(b)

图a据Wones(1981)；图b据饶纪龙(1979)

Fig. 8. lgf_H₂O-10³/K stability diagram for biotite (a) and temperature-pressure-water fugacity diagram (b) from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 9 青山二长花岗岩黑云母MgO-FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)图解(a)和角闪石Al₂O₃-TiO₂图解(b)

图a据周作侠(1986)；图b据姜常义和安三元(1984)

Fig. 9. MgO versus FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO) diagram for biotite (a) and Al₂O₃ versus TiO₂ diagram for amphibole (b) from Qingshan monzogranite

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图 10 青山二长花岗岩黑云母构造判别图解

据Abdel-Rahman(1994)

Fig. 10. Tectonic discrimination diagrams for biotites from Qingshan monzogranite

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表 1 青山二长花岗岩钾长石化学成分(%)

Table 1. Chemical compositions of K-feldspars from Qingshan monzogranite

编号	103-Q1-4	103-Q2-6	104-Q1-2	104-Q1-6	104-Q2-3	105-Q1-4	105-Q1-5	105-Q1-6	105-Q1-7
SiO₂	64.55	65.16	64.56	64.55	65.81	65.06	65.26	65.58	65.14
Al₂O₃	17.83	18.01	17.86	18.24	19.00	18.26	18.26	18.32	18.70
CaO	0.10	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.03
Na₂O	0.89	0.30	1.31	0.43	2.34	1.48	1.27	0.26	0.37
K₂O	16.40	16.08	16.36	16.46	13.00	15.69	15.85	16.26	16.51
Si	3.00	3.02	3.00	3.00	2.99	2.99	3.00	3.01	2.99
Al	0.98	0.98	0.98	1.00	1.02	0.99	0.99	0.99	1.01
Ca	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Na	0.08	0.03	0.12	0.04	0.21	0.13	0.11	0.02	0.03
K	0.97	0.95	0.97	0.98	0.75	0.92	0.93	0.95	0.97
An	0.45	0.01	0.18	0.21	0.12	0.08	0.13	0.00	0.16
Ab	7.55	2.72	10.85	3.81	21.46	12.55	10.87	2.33	3.26
Or	91.99	97.27	88.97	95.98	78.42	87.36	89.00	97.67	96.58

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表 2 青山二长花岗岩斜长石化学成分(%)

Table 2. Chemical compositions of plagioclases from Qingshan monzogranite

编号	104-Q2-4	103-Q1-3	103-Q2-1	103-Q2-2	103-Q2-8	105-Q1-10
SiO₂	65.76	58.90	60.43	60.36	63.21	60.37
Al₂O₃	23.43	25.36	24.25	24.13	23.01	23.93
CaO	1.88	8.85	7.17	7.40	5.14	6.86
Na₂O	8.20	6.29	7.30	7.51	8.36	7.78
K₂O	0.34	0.22	0.44	0.35	0.32	0.32
Si	2.87	2.64	2.70	2.70	2.80	2.71
Al	1.21	1.34	1.28	1.27	1.20	1.27
Ca	0.09	0.43	0.34	0.35	0.24	0.33
Na	0.69	0.55	0.63	0.65	0.72	0.68
K	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
An	10.97	43.18	34.31	34.55	24.90	32.18
Ab	86.65	55.53	63.21	63.50	73.28	66.03
Or	2.39	1.29	2.48	1.95	1.82	1.79

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表 3 青山二长花岗岩黑云母化学成分(%)

Table 3. Chemical compositions of biotites from Qingshan monzogranite

编号	103-Q1-1	103-Q1-2	103-Q1-5	103-Q2-3	103-Q2-4	103-Q2-10	105-Q1-1	105-Q1-2	105-Q1-3
SiO₂	37.41	37.53	37.57	37.68	37.38	37.41	36.29	36.09	35.62
TiO₂	4.54	4.44	4.15	4.63	4.59	4.64	4.76	4.03	4.69
Al₂O₃	13.00	13.05	13.13	12.83	12.59	13.15	13.18	13.70	13.60
FeO^T	18.22	17.84	17.95	17.84	17.21	18.32	18.31	19.22	18.84
MnO	0.15	0.02	0.07	0.05	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.19	0.26
MgO	12.51	12.75	12.59	12.40	12.36	12.48	12.45	13.22	12.54
CaO	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.62	0.05	1.12
Na₂O	0.22	0.13	0.14	0.22	0.39	0.30	0.07	0.05	0.05
K₂O	10.25	10.27	10.09	10.21	10.11	10.38	9.89	10.08	9.16
F	0.36	0.16	0.12	0.21	0.27	0.28	0.61	0.31	0.38
Cl	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.09	0.02	0.03	0.02
Si	2.82	2.83	2.85	2.85	2.85	2.81	2.75	2.73	2.71
Al^Ⅳ	1.15	1.16	1.15	1.14	1.13	1.16	1.18	1.22	1.22
Al^Ⅵ	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ti	0.26	0.25	0.24	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.27	0.23	0.27
Fe³⁺	0.19	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.20	0.17	0.20	0.12	0.18
Fe²⁺	0.96	0.94	0.95	0.92	0.90	0.98	0.96	1.10	1.01
Mn	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02
Mg	1.41	1.44	1.42	1.40	1.41	1.40	1.41	1.49	1.42
Ca	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.09
Na	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.01
K	0.99	0.99	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.99	0.96	0.97	0.89
Total	7.81	7.82	7.81	7.80	7.80	7.83	7.80	7.88	7.82
MF	0.55	0.56	0.55	0.55	0.56	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.54
Al^VI+Fe³⁺+Ti	0.45	0.44	0.44	0.47	0.46	0.43	0.47	0.35	0.45
Fe²⁺+Mn	0.97	0.94	0.96	0.93	0.91	0.99	0.97	1.11	1.03
T(℃)	648.00	647.00	635.00	653.00	655.00	651.00	656.00	628.00	653.00

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表 4 青山二长花岗岩角闪石化学成分(%)

Table 4. Chemical compositions of amphibole from Qingshan monzogranite

编号	103-Q1-6	103-Q1-7	103-Q2-7	103-Q2-9	104-Q1-1
SiO₂	50.53	52.03	50.07	49.42	50.88
Al₂O₃	3.90	3.66	4.87	6.01	4.18
TiO₂	0.54	0.56	0.65	0.93	0.52
Cr₂O₃	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02
MgO	14.99	15.20	14.25	13.67	14.22
FeO^T	14.04	13.20	14.34	14.27	13.97
MnO	0.20	0.32	0.33	0.30	0.30
CaO	12.49	12.58	12.71	12.11	12.69
Na₂O	0.81	0.69	0.87	1.44	0.74
K₂O	0.33	0.35	0.45	0.49	0.37
Si	7.33	7.47	7.26	7.19	7.41
Al	0.67	0.53	0.75	0.82	0.59
Ti	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Sum_T	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00
Al	0.00	0.09	0.09	0.22	0.13
Ti	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.06
Cr³⁺	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Fe³⁺	0.33	0.13	0.22	0.02	0.10
Mg	3.24	3.25	3.08	2.96	3.09
Fe	1.37	1.46	1.52	1.70	1.61
Mn	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.03
Sum_C	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Fe	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00
Mn	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.01
Ca	1.94	1.94	1.97	1.89	1.98
Na	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.01
Sum_B	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Na	0.20	0.16	0.23	0.35	0.20
K	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.07
Sum_A	0.26	0.22	0.31	0.44	0.27

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