云南景东县文玉铜(银)矿成矿地质背景:来自赋矿火山岩年代学和地球化学的证据

宋俊龙; 丁俊; 王保弟; 刘严松; 赵荣春; 舒跃红

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.902

云南景东县文玉铜(银)矿成矿地质背景:来自赋矿火山岩年代学和地球化学的证据

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.902

宋俊龙^1,2,,
丁俊^2, ,,
王保弟²,
刘严松^1,2,
赵荣春³,
舒跃红³

1.
成都理工大学地球科学学院, 四川成都 610059
2.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610081
3.
景东立华腾矿业有限公司, 云南普洱 676200

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41773026

中国地质调查局地调项目 DD20160016

详细信息

作者简介:
宋俊龙(1990-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事青藏高原地质矿产评价研究

通讯作者:
丁俊

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-11-23
- 刊出日期: 2018-03-15

Wenyu Copper (Silver) Deposit Ore-Forming Geological Background, Jingdong County, Yunnan: Geochronology and Geochemistry Evidences from Ore-Bearing Volcanic Rocks

1.
College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
3.
Jingdong Lihuateng Mining Company Limited, Pu'er 676200, China

摘要

摘要: 文玉铜（银）矿是云县-景洪火山弧上重要的与火山作用相关矿床，了解矿区成岩成矿地质背景是探讨成矿作用的基础.本文报道了赋矿火山岩的岩石学、地球化学及锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学.小定西组火山岩由基性岩夹少量酸性岩组成，SiO₂分别介于47.94%~54.02%和76.92%~84.16%之间，具"双峰式"火山岩特征.流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为238.4±2.4 Ma（MSWD=1.4），表明小定西组时代为中三叠世，而并非前人认为的晚三叠世.小定西组基性火山岩具低镁高铝特征，属于钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列，具较强Sr、Ti、Nb和Ta负异常、弱Eu负异常以及较低的Mg^#、（La/Yb）_N比值和Cr、Ni含量等特征；酸性火山岩属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列，具有强的Sr、Ti、P、Nb、Ta、Ba和Eu负异常，Nb/Ta和Th/Ce比值与大陆地壳较为一致，具高Th含量和低Mg^#特征.地球化学特征显示其可能形成于中三叠世早期弧（陆）-陆碰撞边缘下的伸展环境，是洋壳俯冲板片断离作用的结果.结合区域火山作用及成矿作用研究，中三叠世碰撞伸展作用阶段伴随多期次多阶段火山作用，具有良好的火山成矿作用前景.
- 锆石U-Pb年龄 /
- 火山岩 /
- 地球化学 /
- 文玉铜(银)矿 /
- 云南
Abstract: Wenyu copper (silver) ore, located in Yun county-Jinghong volcanic arc, is important deposit related to volcanism. It is important to understand its geological background since it is basic for discussing mineralization of Wenyu ore area. This paper reports petrology, geochemistry and zircon LA-ICP-MS chronology of volcanic rocks from Xiaodingxi Formation in the mining area.Results show that they are composed of basaltic rocks and a small amount of acidic rocks, with SiO₂ ranging from 47.94%-54.02% and 76.92%-84.16%, respectively, exhibiting the features of bimodal volcanic rocks. Zircon U-Pb age of rhyolite is 238.4±2.4 Ma(MSWD=1.4), showing that volcanic rocks in Xiaodingxi Formation formed at Middle Triassic, rather than Late Triassic. The basaltic volcanic rocks are characterized by low Mg and high Al, belonging to shoshonite-high K calc-alkaline-calc-alkaline series, with strong negative Sr, Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, weak negative Eu anomalies, and lower (La/Yb)_N ratio and Mg^#, Cr and Ni contents. Acidic volcanic rocks belong to peraluminous high K calc-alkaline series, with strong negative Sr, Ti, P, Nb, Ta, Ba and Eu anomalies. Nb/Ta and Th/Ce ratios are relatively consistent with those of continental crust, displaying characteristics of high Th and low Mg^#, which suggests that it formed in an extension setting during a margin of arc (continent)-continent collision in the early Middle Triassic, which is a result of oceanic crust subduction slab break-off. In combination with regional volcanism and metallogenesis research data, it is concluded that multi-stage volcanism in the collision extension environment occurred many times during the Middle Triassic, indicating a good prospect of volcanism mineralization.
- zircon U-Pb geochronology /
- volcanic rock /
- geochemistry /
- Wenyu copper (silver) ore /
- Yunnan

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图 1 三江地区构造格架图(a)和文玉铜(银)矿区地质简图(b)

图a据Deng et al.(2014)修改，图b据详查报告修改

Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of the Sanjiang region (a) and geological sketch map of the Wenyu copper (silver) mining area (b)

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图 2 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩岩石学特征

a, b.玄武岩; c, d.杏仁状玄武安山岩; e, f.火山角砾岩; g, h.流纹岩；Pl.斜长石; Px.辉石; Chl.绿泥石; Cal.方解石; Qtz.石英; B.角砾; (+).正交偏光; (-).单偏光

Fig. 2. Photopictures for the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rocks in Wenyu mining area

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图 3 文玉矿区小定西组流纹岩锆石阴极发光图及测点位置(a)、锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(b)和加权平均年龄图(c)

Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence images and test points (a), concordia diagram of U-Pb data (b) and the weighted average age diagram (c) of zircons from the Xiaodingxi Formation rhyolite in Wenyu mining area

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图 4 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂(a)和Co-Th(b)图解

a.据Winchester and Floyd(1977)；b.据Hastie et al.(2007)

Fig. 4. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂ (a) and Co versus Th (b) diagrams of the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rocks in Wenyu mining area

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图 5 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩Harker图解

Fig. 5. Harker diagram of the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rocks in Wenyu mining area

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图 6 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素标准化蜘网图(b)

据Sun and McDonough(1989)；Pearce et al.(1995); Shinjo et al.(1999)

Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle normalized trace element spider diagram (b) for the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rocks in Wenyu mining area

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图 7 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩La/Yb-Ba/La(a)和(Ta/La)_N-(Hf/Sm)_N(b)图解

a.据朱弟成等(2006)修改；b.据La Flèche et al.(1998)修改

Fig. 7. La/Yb-Ba/La (a) and (Ta/La)_N-(Hf/Sm)_N (b) diagrams of the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rock in Wenyu mining area

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图 8 文玉矿区小定西组基性火山岩MgO-Ni(a)、MgO-Cr(b)、Cr-Ni(c)和Cr-V(d)图解

Cpx.单斜辉石; Opx.正方辉石; Hb.角闪石; Ol.橄榄石

Fig. 8. MgO-Ni (a), MgO-Cr (b), Cr-Ni (c) and Cr-V (d) diagrams of the Xiaodingxi Formation basic volcanic rock in Wenyu mining area

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图 9 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩FeOT-MgO-Al₂O₃(a)、Zr-Ti(b)和Y-Nb(c)图解

图a据Pearce et al.(1977)；图b据Pearce(1982)；图c据Pearce et al.(1984)；Ⅰ.洋中脊或洋底; Ⅱ.洋岛; Ⅲ.大陆; Ⅳ.扩张性中央岛; Ⅴ.造山带

Fig. 9. FeOT-MgO-Al₂O₃ (a), Zr-Ti (b) and Y-Nb (c) diagrams of the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rock in Wenyu mining area

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表 1 文玉矿区小定西组流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果

Table 1. Zircons U-Pb data of the Xiaodingxi Formation rhyolite in Wenyu mining area

测点号 (YJ-02N)	元素含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值						年龄(Ma)
测点号 (YJ-02N)	Th	U	Pb	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
1	798	928	16.4	0.86	0.054 85	0.004 12	0.292 05	0.019 00	0.038 42	0.000 75	406	169	260	15	243	5
2	658	895	15.5	0.74	0.054 42	0.003 66	0.272 64	0.017 61	0.036 70	0.000 63	387	150	245	14	232	4
3	591	793	17.3	0.75	0.059 21	0.004 38	0.300 26	0.023 27	0.035 54	0.000 69	576	161	267	18	225	4
4	1 108	1 397	33.8	0.79	0.061 84	0.004 32	0.325 31	0.020 88	0.036 13	0.000 63	733	145	286	16	229	4
5	614	749	11.3	0.82	0.054 34	0.003 55	0.286 89	0.017 73	0.037 86	0.000 66	383	146	256	14	240	4
6	317	491	23.8	0.65	0.086 81	0.006 42	0.448 28	0.032 51	0.037 11	0.000 85	1367	143	376	23	235	5
7	605	820	15.0	0.74	0.054 39	0.003 67	0.282 47	0.017 30	0.038 60	0.000 78	387	152	253	14	244	5
8	695	923	26.2	0.75	0.050 20	0.003 06	0.265 95	0.015 01	0.037 95	0.000 67	211	141	239	12	240	4
9	658	901	18.4	0.73	0.048 00	0.003 14	0.252 32	0.015 82	0.037 94	0.000 79	98	157	228	13	240	5
10	484	701	15.8	0.69	0.047 53	0.003 84	0.258 66	0.020 30	0.037 57	0.000 78	76	181	234	16	238	5
11	295	413	21.2	0.71	0.055 66	0.005 37	0.278 20	0.023 97	0.037 35	0.000 86	439	215	249	19	236	5
12	442	626	12.5	0.71	0.049 39	0.003 64	0.254 29	0.016 56	0.038 04	0.000 79	165	167	230	13	241	5
13	478	697	13.8	0.69	0.047 68	0.003 24	0.256 71	0.016 62	0.035 98	0.000 79	83	156	232	13	228	5
14	633	649	21.2	0.98	0.046 80	0.003 38	0.233 00	0.015 69	0.036 13	0.000 81	39	172	213	13	229	5
15	292	440	15.6	0.66	0.053 86	0.004 63	0.259 39	0.019 28	0.036 76	0.000 98	365	190	234	16	233	6
16	488	641	30.5	0.76	0.086 17	0.008 52	0.504 42	0.055 51	0.039 16	0.000 98	1343	192	415	37	248	6
17	420	480	11.3	0.88	0.052 78	0.004 53	0.270 81	0.019 04	0.038 08	0.000 89	320	192	243	15	241	6
18	301	508	11.3	0.59	0.054 49	0.004 06	0.280 37	0.020 84	0.037 38	0.000 74	391	167	251	17	237	5
19	284	452	4.63	0.63	0.052 60	0.004 65	0.269 18	0.021 68	0.036 52	0.000 90	322	202	242	17	231	6
20	693	945	17.6	0.73	0.050 10	0.002 91	0.282 51	0.014 27	0.038 23	0.000 73	198	135	253	11	242	5
21	888	915	21.4	0.97	0.064 83	0.004 64	0.263 95	0.015 90	0.029 22	0.000 69	769	156	238	13	186	4
22	828	1 257	17.9	0.66	0.050 74	0.003 14	0.250 47	0.013 86	0.035 22	0.000 64	228	143	227	11	223	4
23	736	926	20.2	0.79	0.045 19	0.003 16	0.236 47	0.015 94	0.038 80	0.000 80	-	-	216	13	245	5
24	740	949	11.5	0.78	0.049 35	0.003 18	0.263 48	0.016 70	0.038 82	0.000 72	165	152	237	13	246	4
25	604	817	10.7	0.74	0.047 21	0.003 37	0.247 76	0.016 74	0.038 80	0.000 68	61	159	225	14	245	4
26	827	656	7.47	1.26	0.051 18	0.004 05	0.253 83	0.017 56	0.037 20	0.000 76	256	181	230	14	235	5
27	585	782	12.7	0.75	0.051 01	0.003 62	0.279 32	0.018 96	0.039 78	0.000 84	243	160	250	15	251	5
28	548	736	7.81	0.74	0.062 22	0.004 09	0.322 95	0.022 81	0.037 45	0.000 74	683	108	284	18	237	5
29	546	751	15.2	0.73	0.050 53	0.003 83	0.261 36	0.018 69	0.038 50	0.000 71	220	176	236	15	244	4
30	628	776	10.8	0.81	0.045 51	0.002 65	0.240 39	0.013 76	0.037 87	0.000 69	-	-	219	11	240	4
31	636	830	20.6	0.77	0.052 05	0.003 88	0.266 58	0.018 48	0.036 24	0.000 66	287	170	240	15	229	4
32	827	1 106	10.3	0.75	0.052 25	0.003 13	0.277 80	0.017 17	0.038 69	0.000 68	298	137	249	14	245	4
注：“-”表示误差数据予以剔除.其中3、4、6、16、21~23、27、28点年龄数据不谐和，不参与计算.

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表 2 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩主量元素(10^-2)分析结果

Table 2. Major element (10^-2) composition of the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rocks in Wenyu mining area

样品编号	YJN02H	ZKH0001-20.2h	ZKH0001-114.2h	ZK0804-84.3h	ZK0005-174.9h	ZK0207-176.2h	ZK6605-190h	TLN03H	PZ03H	PD1070-3H	PD1780-1H
	流纹岩	玄武岩	玄武岩	玄武岩	玄武质凝灰岩	玄武岩	玄武岩	火山角砾岩	流纹岩	玄武岩	玄武岩
SiO₂	76.92	51.36	51.99	51.23	48.98	52.70	47.94	54.02	84.16	49.57	52.01
TiO₂	0.23	1.62	1.33	1.24	1.38	1.14	1.99	1.09	0.14	1.19	1.73
Al₂O₃	13.02	16.85	17.23	16.33	16.60	16.66	16.34	16.94	7.76	17.06	16.93
Fe₂O₃	1.79	4.99	6.34	7.24	4.84	4.17	8.07	6.47	0.78	2.53	5.37
FeO	0.17	4.67	2.81	1.23	5.05	4.55	3.81	2.56	0.34	5.70	3.90
MnO	0.01	0.25	0.14	0.37	0.41	0.24	0.22	0.15	0.01	0.21	0.18
MgO	0.52	4.64	4.87	5.50	6.37	5.53	5.13	5.35	0.18	5.23	4.01
CaO	0.18	7.75	8.23	1.52	3.26	2.64	4.23	1.62	0.08	4.73	6.78
Na₂O	0.07	3.10	3.12	0.21	3.34	6.22	5.15	5.91	0.03	4.57	3.39
K₂O	4.01	2.09	1.18	10.59	4.45	1.44	2.20	2.16	5.37	3.50	2.28
P₂O₅	0.05	0.58	0.44	0.40	0.50	0.46	0.87	0.37	0.03	0.46	0.58
LOI	2.95	1.46	1.90	3.56	4.10	3.72	3.49	3.01	1.05	4.54	2.27
H₂O^-	0.30	0.38	0.29	0.83	0.35	0.28	0.35	0.21	0.28	0.20	0.45
Mg^#	34.23	47.45	50.48	55.87	54.70	54.28	45.23	53.22	23.55	53.89	45.01
总量	100.22	99.74	99.87	100.25	99.63	99.75	99.79	99.86	100.20	99.49	99.88
注：Mg^#=100×Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺).

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表 3 文玉矿区小定西组火山岩微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 3. Trace elements (10^-6) composition of the Xiaodingxi Formation volcanic rocks in Wenyu mining area

样品编号	YJN02H	ZK0005-174.9h	ZK0804-84.3h	ZK0207-176.2h	ZK6605-190h	ZKH0001-20.2h	ZKH0001-114.2h	PZ03H	PD1780-1H	TLN03H	PD1070-3H
La	52.0	34.0	24.3	26.5	55.0	31.2	27.9	51.6	26.8	15.8	18.7
Ce	88.4	68.0	51.4	55.5	111.0	64.7	56.4	81.2	57.5	36.4	44.5
Pr	9.73	9.38	7.43	7.75	14.6	9.04	7.89	8.86	8.41	5.41	6.53
Nd	32.8	39.6	31.9	32.7	60.4	38.8	34.2	30.8	38.2	25.0	29.6
Sm	5.08	7.48	6.48	6.12	10.8	7.35	6.44	4.28	7.29	5.23	5.90
Eu	0.70	1.89	1.75	1.62	2.73	1.94	1.73	0.61	2.02	1.31	1.61
Gd	3.38	6.31	5.03	5.25	8.63	6.15	5.34	2.61	6.04	4.24	5.12
Tb	0.63	1.03	0.83	0.87	1.39	0.99	0.87	0.48	1.00	0.69	0.84
Dy	3.59	5.82	4.74	4.99	7.50	5.32	4.80	2.69	5.48	3.90	4.75
Ho	0.77	1.17	0.93	0.99	1.45	1.03	0.94	0.53	1.06	0.73	0.94
Er	2.23	3.05	2.44	2.56	3.75	2.63	2.41	1.53	2.71	1.94	2.47
Tm	0.39	0.45	0.36	0.38	0.56	0.40	0.36	0.25	0.40	0.30	0.37
Yb	2.76	2.93	2.40	2.40	3.57	2.55	2.30	1.67	2.57	1.86	2.33
Lu	0.39	0.40	0.32	0.33	0.48	0.34	0.31	0.23	0.35	0.24	0.32
ΣREE	202.85	181.51	140.31	147.96	281.86	172.44	151.89	187.34	159.83	103.05	123.98
LREE	188.01	158.46	121.51	128.57	251.8	151.09	132.83	176.74	138.2	87.84	105.23
HREE	14.14	21.16	17.05	17.77	27.33	19.41	17.33	9.99	19.61	13.90	17.14
LREE/HREE	13.3	7.49	7.13	7.24	9.21	7.78	7.66	17.69	7.05	6.32	6.14
La_N/Yb_N	13.51	8.32	7.26	7.92	11.05	8.78	8.70	22.16	7.48	6.09	5.76
δEu	0.49	0.82	0.90	0.85	0.84	0.86	0.88	0.52	0.90	0.82	0.87
δCe	0.90	0.92	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.93	0.92	0.85	0.93	0.96	0.98
Rb	175.0	123.0	574.0	30.7	68.9	65.5	33.2	172	76.6	37.1	59.9
Cs	16.60	3.07	25.30	1.49	4.14	2.91	4.00	3.81	3.66	1.93	1.28
Sr	17.9	254.0	447.0	142.0	447.0	643.0	614.0	13.3	683.0	69.8	80.8
Ba	649	1 279	5 014	186	600	336	247	385	311	192	461
Hf	5.83	4.73	4.31	4.39	7.56	4.37	4.10	3.36	4.44	3.81	4.09
Zr	240	219	201	204	422	199	177	135	212	163	174
Ta	1.90	0.87	0.77	0.77	1.62	0.98	0.80	0.92	1.00	0.72	0.77
Nb	21.6	15.4	14.0	14.3	32.8	18.9	15.1	12.3	19.1	12.4	14.7
U	6.06	0.66	0.65	0.52	1.45	0.69	0.59	2.69	0.39	0.75	0.53
Th	25.8	3.82	3.93	3.76	5.99	3.51	3.24	12.40	2.25	4.24	3.16
Pb	30.80	13.80	37.10	9.94	16.20	9.28	27.40	5.14	7.00	7.16	5.56
Y	19.3	28.3	23.4	25.0	36.8	26.3	23.7	14.5	27.1	19.0	24.3
Sc	4.68	27.60	24.20	23.80	28.80	23.10	24.60	3.19	24.30	18.90	21.40
Co	1.76	33.10	22.20	25.10	31.90	27.20	28.80	0.73	25.30	22.60	27.70
Ni	1.12	47.80	30.10	32.50	42.00	35.50	43.30	0.74	43.80	29.10	30.90
Cu	3.64	16.30	6.74	26.90	23.20	14.90	33.90	68.50	118.00	4 671.00	3 665.00
Ti	1 281	9 599	8 167	8 245	13 971	10 586	9 427	723	11 654	7 038	8 184
V	10.8	258	220	179	240	215	224	5.46	228	178	171
Mn	92.7	3 564	3 268	2 094	1 911	1 975	1 223	50.6	1 467	1 219	1 877
Zn	20.0	362	856	230	176	114	143	17.2	106	176	253
Ga	15.1	20.1	19.3	20.0	20.0	18.9	19.6	6.51	19.5	20.8	19.6
Ge	0.81	1.38	1.65	1.24	1.73	1.32	1.31	1.59	1.25	1.40	1.38
Cr	2.46	89.4	109	83.9	105.0	90.6	113	2.48	102.0	75.1	68.2
Sn	3.17	2.02	2.02	2.13	1.81	1.99	1.74	1.60	1.60	1.78	1.59

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