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    黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林蒸散特征

    李青华 穆艳 王延平

    李青华, 穆艳, 王延平, 2019. 黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林蒸散特征. 地球科学, 44(8): 2818-2828. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.941
    引用本文: 李青华, 穆艳, 王延平, 2019. 黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林蒸散特征. 地球科学, 44(8): 2818-2828. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.941
    Li Qinghua, Mu Yan, Wang Yanping, 2019. Evapotranspiration Characteristics of Apple Forest in Hilly-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau. Earth Science, 44(8): 2818-2828. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.941
    Citation: Li Qinghua, Mu Yan, Wang Yanping, 2019. Evapotranspiration Characteristics of Apple Forest in Hilly-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau. Earth Science, 44(8): 2818-2828. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.941

    黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林蒸散特征

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.941
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41401613

    国家自然科学基金项目 41571218

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      李青华(1993-), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事生态水文研究

      通讯作者:

      穆艳

    • 中图分类号: P343.8

    Evapotranspiration Characteristics of Apple Forest in Hilly-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau

    • 摘要: 以黄土丘陵沟壑区的典型代表米脂为研究区,选取苹果林地生态系统为研究对象,揭示苹果林地的蒸腾蒸发耗散规律及其影响机制,为指导有限水资源条件下苹果产业发展科学布局、优化管理措施及充分挖掘苹果林地的生产潜力提供科学依据.运用热扩散茎流计(TDP)、小型蒸发皿测定了组成苹果林地蒸散的果树蒸腾量和土壤蒸发量,运用水量平衡公式计算了冠层截留量,分析了各气象因子与蒸腾速率的关系,并评估了苹果林地的蒸散量,以期正确认识和评价苹果林地生态水文效应.不同生育期的日均蒸腾速率大小依次为果实膨大期>果实着色期>新梢生长及幼果发育期>萌芽开花期,小时尺度下,不同生育期蒸腾速率到达峰值的时间不同.不同天气条件下,晴天状况下树干蒸腾量明显大于阴天,影响苹果林地蒸腾速率的主要气象因子为太阳辐射和空气温度.果实膨大期及果实着色期为果树耗水的主要时期.降水对蒸腾的影响表现出滞后效应.植被蒸腾量、土壤蒸发量、冠层截留量对蒸散的贡献率由大到小依次为58.9%、26.8%、14.3%.试验期间,降水量大于蒸散量,果园水分收支略有盈余,不同月份土壤水分收支情况不同,应加强萌芽开花期、新梢生长及幼果发育期果园的水分管理.

       

    • 图  1  边材面积与平均胸径之间的关系

      Fig.  1.  Relationship of average diameter at breast height and sapwood area

      图  2  不同天气条件下果树蒸腾速率变化规律

      Fig.  2.  Dynamics of apple tree transpiration as affected by weather conditions

      图  3  不同天气条件下蒸腾速率雨各气象因子的关系

      Fig.  3.  Variation of evapotranspiration and meteorological factors under different weather conditions

      图  4  苹果林地生育期内蒸腾量的日变化过程

      Fig.  4.  Diurnal variation of transpiration in apple forest in growing season

      图  5  不同月份植被蒸腾量、土壤蒸发量、冠层节流量分别占蒸散量比值

      Fig.  5.  Ratio of plant transpiration, soil evaporation and canopy interception to evapotranspiration in different months

      表  1  不同天气条件下果树蒸腾速率与各气象因子的相关性分析(n=192)

      Table  1.   Pearson correlation coefficient of evapotranspiration rate to meteorological factors under different weather conditions

      天气 太阳辐射 风速 温度 相对湿度 饱和水汽压差
      晴天 0.777** -0.007 0.433** -0.292** 0.370**
      阴天 0.757** 0.443** 0.466** -0.280** 0.406**
      注:**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  不同天气条件下蒸腾速率与气象因子的逐步回归模型

      Table  2.   Multivariable regression models for relationships between evapotranspiration rate and meteorological factors relative to weather conditions

      天气 回归方程 决定系数 显著水平
      晴天 Q=-0.351+0.002Ra+0.048T-0.366VPD 0.856 0.000
      阴天 Q=0.155+0.001Ra+0.013T 0.746 0.000
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  果树冠层截留观测值

      Table  3.   The observed canopy interception of apple trees during growth season

      月份 降雨量P(mm) 穿透雨量Ts(mm) 树干茎流量F (mm) 冠层截留Ic(mm) Ts/P F/P Ic/P
      (%) (%) (%)
      4 13.2 11.2 0.1 1.8 85.1 1.0 13.9
      5 30.2 25.6 0.2 4.3 85.0 0.8 14.2
      6 45.7 36.2 0.4 9.0 79.3 0.9 19.8
      7 130.3 116.4 1.2 12.7 89.4 0.9 9.8
      8 56.5 49.2 0.7 6.6 87.1 1.2 11.6
      9 22.5 18.4 0.1 3.9 81.9 0.6 17.5
      总计 298.3 257.1 2.8 38.4 / / /
      注:Ts/P表示穿透雨量占林外降雨量的百分比;F/P表示树干茎流量占林外降雨量的百分比;Ic/P表示冠层截留量占林外降雨量的百分比.
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2018-10-22
    • 刊出日期:  2019-08-15

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