Geochemical Characteristics and LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Age of the Azhalang Intrusion in Sumdo, Southern Tibet
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摘要: 阿扎朗岩体位于冈底斯岩浆弧中东部的松多地区.岩体的锆石U-Pb定年和全岩地球化学分析结果表明，阿扎朗岩体岩性为石英二长斑岩，形成时代为中新世（17.9±0.2 Ma），地球化学上表现高Sr（1 052×10-6~1 150×10-6）、低Y（8.51×10-6~9.04×10-6）和Yb（0.85×10-6~0.94×10-6），高的Sr/Y（118~128）和La/Yb（30.9~40.8）比值，无明显的Eu异常，同时具有较高的K2O（3.17%~3.84%）含量和较低的Cr（6.46×10-6~7.78×10-6）和Ni（5.41×10-6~7.45×10-6）含量，较高的Rb/Sr比值，较高的Mg#值（43.8~49.8），大离子亲石元素的含量，如Rb、Ba、Th和U明显比LREE高.这些地球化学特征表明其岩石成因可能为增厚的下地壳部分熔融形成，形成于印度－欧亚大陆碰撞造山的后碰撞构造背景下，可能有一定的幔源物质参与.该研究为揭示冈底斯成矿带中新世埃达克岩的成因及成矿地质背景提供重要的制约.Abstract: The Azhalang pluton is located in the Sumdo area in the east-central part of the Gangdise magmatic arc. Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical analysis of the whole rock indicate that the Azhalang intrusion is quartz monzonite porphyry and the formation period is Miocene (17.9±0.2 Ma). Geochemical characteristics show high Sr (1 052×10-6-1 150×10-6), low Y (8.51×10-6-9.04×10-6) and Yb (0.85×10-6-0.94×10-6), high Sr/Y (118-128) and La/Yb (30.9-40.8) ratios, no obvious Eu anomalies, high K2O (3.17%-3.84%) content, low Cr (6.46×10-6-7.78×10-6) and Ni (5.41×10-6-7.45×10-6) content, high Mg# value (43.8-49.8), high Rb/Sr ratio, large ion lithophile element content, such as Rb, Rb, Rb. Ba, Th and U were significantly higher than LREE.These geochemical characteristics indicate that the petrogenesis of the rocks may be formed by partial melting of the thicker lower crust and formed in the post-collisional tectonic setting of the India-Eurasia collision orogeny, and some mantle-derived materials may be involved.This study provides important constraints for revealing the genesis and metallogenic geological setting of the Miocene adakite in the Gangdise metallogenic belt.
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Key words:
- Tibetan Plateau /
- Cenozoic /
- adakite /
- geochemistry
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图 1 西藏冈底斯东段中新世斑岩体及斑岩型矿床分布简图及研究区阿扎朗岩体地质简图
据秦克章等（2008）修改；图a中：LSSZ.龙木措－双湖－澜沧江板块缝合带；BNSZ.班公湖－怒江板块缝合带；JSSZ.西金乌兰－金沙江板块缝合带，IYZSZ.印度河－雅鲁藏布江板块缝合带；图c中：1.中新世达弄多组；2.早侏罗世叶巴组；3.中新世石英二长斑岩；4.中新世二长花岗岩；5.中新世石英斑岩；6.早侏罗世二长花岗岩；7.早侏罗世花岗闪长岩；8.推测断层；9.角岩化带；10.铜钼矿床（点）；11.钼矿化点；12.采样位置
Fig. 1. The simplified distribution map of Miocene porphyry and porphyry deposits of eastern Gangdise and simplified geological map of Azhalang pluton in researched area, Tibet
图 2 阿扎朗岩体野外露头照片及显微照片
a.石英二长斑岩露头照片；b.石英二长斑岩野外近景照片；c.绿泥石化角闪石；d.斑状结构；Hb.角闪石；Bi.黑云母；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.正长石；Q.石英；Chl.绿泥石
Fig. 2. Photographs of field outcrop and photomicrographs of rock from the Azhalang intrusion
图 3 锆石阴极发光图像、锆石U-Pb谐和图（a）及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图（b）
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images and U-Pb concordia and chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircons
图 4 阿扎朗岩浆岩主微量判别图解
a. (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2图解，据Middlemost（1994）；b. SiO2-K2O图解，据Peccerillo and Taylor（1976）；c. (La/Yb)N-(Yb)；d. Sr/Y-Y图解，据Drummond and Defant（1990）
Fig. 4. Distinction diagrams of primary and trace elements of Azhalang magmatite
图 5 石英二长斑岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分曲线及原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图
标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough（1989）；冈底斯带不含矿埃达克岩数据胡永斌（2015）；冈底斯成矿带中东部埃达克岩数据曲晓明等（2010）
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams for the quartz-monzonite porphyry
图 6 中新世埃达克岩判别图解
a. SiO2-Sr/Y；b. SiO2-Dy/Yb图解（Castillo et al., 1999）；c. La/Ce-Rb/Sr；d. Nb/U-Rb/Sr图解，据侯增谦等（2004），Cook岛弧埃达克岩数据引自Stern and Kilian（1996），新生代埃达克岩（n=140）、埃达克岩和高铝TTG（n=394）和太古宙高铝TTG（n=174）数据引自Drummond et al.（1996）
Fig. 6. Distinction diagrams of Miocene adakite
图 7 SiO2-主微量元素埃达克岩判别图解
a.SiO2-Ni；b.SiO2-Cr；c.SiO2-MgO；d.SiO2-TFeO/MgO图解，据Wang et al.（2006）
Fig. 7. Distinction diagrams of SiO2-primary and trace elements of adakite
图 8 中新世埃达克岩源区判别图解
a. Th/Yb-Th/Sm，据Zhu et al.（2009）；b. SiO2-Mg#图解，据Wang et al.（2006）
Fig. 8. Distinction diagrams of Miocene adakite source region
图 9 中新世埃达克质岩构造环境判别图解
a. Th-Th/Ce图解，据Wang et al.(2006)；b. Rb-Y+Nb图解，据Pearce et al.（1984）；ORG.大洋脊花岗岩；WPG.板内花岗岩；VAG.火山弧花岗岩；syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩；post-COLG.后碰撞花岗岩
Fig. 9. Distinction diagrams of Miocene adakite tectonic setting
图 10 中酸性侵入岩的R1-R2构造判别图解
R1=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti), R2=6Ca+2Mg+Al; 据Batchelor and Bowden (1985)
Fig. 10. R1-R2 diagram intermediate-acid intrusive rocks
表 1 阿扎朗岩体石英二长岩锆石稀土元素（10-6）分析结果
Table 1. Analytical results of the quartz-monzonite porphyry zircon REE elements(10-6)of Azhalang pluton
点号 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu S17T26-01 0.19 24.83 0.09 0.66 1.72 0.57 2.96 2.15 24.28 10.30 48.74 13.59 168.82 29.78 S17T26-02 0.07 60.52 0.29 5.72 10.02 4.01 20.10 9.88 97.31 32.68 134.02 30.50 340.36 52.03 S17T26-03 4.24 42.01 1.19 7.17 2.73 1.02 8.13 4.03 49.47 20.48 93.88 24.27 296.07 51.27 S17T26-04 0.09 28.21 0.07 1.21 2.00 0.60 4.60 3.01 33.18 13.02 62.77 16.49 201.88 35.98 S17T26-05 0.58 59.38 0.23 1.64 3.18 1.34 8.79 5.62 66.42 25.92 124.96 32.34 394.41 67.86 S17T26-06 4.97 64.73 1.44 8.23 4.07 1.47 12.51 5.58 63.71 24.74 114.93 29.28 351.50 61.09 S17T26-07 0.11 33.98 0.04 0.45 1.74 0.81 5.12 3.78 49.38 22.23 115.22 31.08 406.98 74.39 S17T26-08 0.08 34.19 0.04 0.89 1.72 0.71 5.31 3.37 39.92 15.99 77.89 19.96 243.98 42.01 S17T26-09 0.53 24.98 0.17 1.37 1.73 0.59 3.37 2.13 26.88 11.11 55.72 15.54 200.60 37.26 S17T26-10 0.11 28.93 0.04 0.71 2.09 0.77 4.32 2.96 35.54 14.61 76.40 20.03 249.53 45.64 
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表 2 阿扎朗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of Azhalang pluton
样品及测点 Th(10-6) U(10-6) Th/U 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U (Ma) 1σ (Ma) 206Pb/238U (Ma) 1σ (Ma) NEST610 450.9 457.1 0.1 25.262 0.344 59 0.204 73 0.002 85 3 318.5 13 1 201.3 15.0 91500 20.5 58.0 0.4 1.850 20 0.039 81 0.179 20 0.002 67 1 064.2 14 1 063.5 15.0 Ple 43.4 480 0.1 0.408 20 0.007 57 0.055 09 0.000 78 348.2 5.0 346.1 5.0 S17T26-01 367.4 357.1 1.0 0.017 65 0.001 62 0.002 76 0.000 05 17.8 1.6 17.8 0.3 S17T26-02 1 087.9 367.7 3.0 0.017 68 0.001 96 0.002 77 0.000 07 17.8 2.0 17.8 0.4 S17T26-03 458.9 497.23 1.0 0.017 72 0.002 25 0.002 78 0.000 05 17.8 2.3 17.9 0.3 S17T26-04 442.2 407.5 1.1 0.017 81 0.001 38 0.002 79 0.000 06 17.9 1.4 18.0 0.4 S17T26-05 1 940.2 1 230.3 1.6 0.017 94 0.001 06 0.002 80 0.000 04 18.1 1.1 18.0 0.2 NEST610 20.0 58.3 0.3 1.850 2 0.037 69 0.179 20 0.002 65 1 064.2 13.0 1 063.4 14.0 S17T26-06 1 345.3 1 034.6 1.3 0.018 54 0.001 35 0.002 78 0.000 04 18.7 1.4 17.9 0.2 S17T26-07 539.0 620.0 0.9 0.017 48 0.001 28 0.002 73 0.000 05 17.6 1.3 17.6 0.3 S17T26-08 467.3 466.9 1.0 0.017 80 0.001 37 0.002 79 0.000 05 17.9 1.4 17.9 0.3 S17T26-09 390.8 429.5 0.9 0.017 80 0.001 58 0.002 78 0.000 06 17.9 1.6 17.9 0.4 S17T26-10 396.9 375.9 1.1 0.017 53 0.003 90 0.002 74 0.000 06 17.6 3.9 17.7 0.4 NEST610 20.5 58.6 0.3 1.850 20 0.041 44 0.179 20 0.002 70 1 064.2 15.0 1 063.5 15.0 91500 450.9 457.1 1.0 25.300 0.348 08 0.201 43 0.002 81 3 320.3 13.0 1 183.4 15.0
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表 3 阿扎朗岩体主量元素（%）和微量元素（10-6）分析结果
Table 3. Analytical results of major (%) and trace elements (10-6) for Azhalang pluton
样品 S17T26H1 S17T26H2 S17T26H3 S17T26H4 S17T26H5 R1 AGV-2 GSR-1 GSR-3 SiO2 59.4 62.9 57.3 59.2 62.7 73.5 TiO2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 Al2O3 19.9 17.6 20.7 19.9 18.5 12.6 TFe2O3 3.6 3.4 4.5 3.5 3.2 2.1 MnO 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 MgO 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.4 CaO 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 1.5 Na2O 6.1 5.5 6.1 5.7 5.4 3.0 K2O 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.1 5.3 P2O5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 LOI 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.70 Total 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.4 TFeO 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.2 2.9 Mg# 49.3 48.6 43.8 49.8 49.3 A/CNK 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Li 32.7 29.7 36.3 37.7 24.0 10.7 130.0 10.4 P 1 009.8 811.2 1 114.0 997.2 677.2 2 162.0 400.8 4 290.0 K 22 920.0 22 140.0 25 240.0 25 900.0 20 700.0 24 160.0 41 200.0 19 766.0 Sc 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.5 12.1 6.0 14.1 Ti 2 624.0 2 478.0 2 536.0 2 602.0 2 270.0 6 252.0 1 752.8 14 858.0 V 62.5 55.7 62.5 60.5 50.9 125.8 24.5 187.6 Cr 7.2 6.5 7.8 6.7 6.5 17.0 3.8 133.5 Mn 527.6 468.2 553.4 520.2 416.6 757.2 467.4 1 426.4 Co 7.7 6.8 8.1 7.4 6.0 16.4 3.1 45.1 Ni 6.8 6.3 7.4 6.6 5.4 19.4 2.3 147.0 Cu 20.8 13.8 14.3 17.1 23.5 52.9 3.0 50.0 Zn 57.0 57.1 56.0 56.7 50.6 91.5 30.6 154.2 Ga 23.0 20.7 23.0 22.3 20.0 20.4 19.8 25.0 Rb 96.2 87.8 105.0 112.8 94.5 74.4 489.6 37.4 Sr 1 125.0 1 060.7 1 052.1 1 149.8 1 070.8 686.4 106.7 1 122.0 Y 9.0 9.0 8.7 9.0 8.5 19.0 63.9 21.6 Zr 143.6 132.7 158.2 160.8 120.2 234.4 171.7 295.0 Nb 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.8 6.9 15.6 42.6 90.8 Cs 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.9 3.0 1.1 41.6 0.7 Ba 1 127.5 1 223.0 1 112.5 1 210.0 1 163.4 1 044.8 351.4 531.6 La 36.7 29.1 26.3 30.8 29.4 38.5 53.5 57.4 Ce 71.6 57.3 54.9 63.0 58.3 73.5 108.3 108.0 Pr 7.5 6.7 6.1 6.8 6.7 8.5 12.5 12.8 Nd 25.7 24.5 21.5 23.9 24.2 31.7 44.5 51.3 Sm 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.9 4.0 5.8 9.8 10.3 Eu 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.6 0.8 3.2 Gd 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 5.0 9.2 9.1 Tb 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 1.1 Dy 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 3.6 10.1 5.6 Ho 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 2.1 0.9 Er 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.8 6.4 1.9 Tm 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.3 Yb 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.7 7.5 1.4 Lu 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.2 Hf 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.6 2.9 4.7 6.1 6.4 Ta 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 7.3 4.3 Pb 42.0 43.1 39.2 43.2 43.5 12.5 35.7 6.5 Th 17.9 17.1 15.0 17.0 17.6 6.0 54.8 5.9 U 3.6 3.8 2.7 3.8 3.1 1.9 19.1 1.4 Eu/Eu* 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Sr/Y 124.0 118.0 122.0 128.0 126.0
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表 4 冈底斯成矿带中新世岩浆岩形成时代
Table 4. Age of Miocene magmatic rocks of Gangdise metallogenic belt
地区 岩性 测试方法 测试对象 年龄（Ma） 资料来源 驱龙 斑状花岗闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 17.2±0.5 郑有业等，2012 驱龙 高镁闪长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 15.7±0.2 Lu et al., 2017 冲江 花岗闪长斑岩 SHRIMP U-Pb 锆石 12.9±0.3 林武等，2004 吉如 二长花岗斑岩 SHRIMP U-Pb 锆石 16.0±0.4 Zheng et al., 2014 厅宫 二长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 15.5±0.3 Chen et al., 2014 厅宫 闪长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 15.0±0.2 Chen et al., 2014 马攸木 花岗闪长斑岩 Ar- Ar 黑云母 17.7±0.15 江思宏等，2006 知不拉 花岗闪长岩 SHRIMP U-Pb 锆石 16.9±0.3 Xu et al., 2016 知不拉 二长花岗岩 SHRIMP U-Pb 锆石 17.0±0.2 Xu et al., 2016 岗讲 花岗闪长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 16.6±0.3 杨震等，2017 甲玛 花岗斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 16.7±0.3 孟元库等，2018 甲玛 花岗闪长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 14.4±0.3 孟元库等，2018 达布 花岗闪长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 16.5±0.3 李世杰等，2018 拉抗俄 花岗闪长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 13.6±0.4 冷秋锋等，2016 汤不拉 花岗斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 19.7±0.2 王保弟等，2010 朱诺 黑云母花岗闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 14.1±0.3 黄勇等，2015 阿扎朗 石英二长斑岩 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 锆石 17.9±0.2 本文
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