Critical Tectonic Periods and the Response of Gas Accumulation in Non-Marine Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Yuanba-Tongnanba Area, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 中国多旋回叠合盆地陆相致密碎屑岩层系油气资源丰富，多期、多属性构造作用使其具有复杂而特殊的油气地质特征，四川盆地元坝-通南巴地区位于多旋回、多属性构造作用交接部位，是揭示叠合盆地内多期复杂构造作用与陆相致密碎屑岩油气成藏作用关系和油气富集规律的典型地区.基于地震资料、磷灰石裂变径迹年代学和成藏特征对比，厘定元坝-通南巴地区陆相层系存在燕山晚期（晚白垩世100~70 Ma）和喜山早期（始新世-渐新世40~25 Ma）两个关键构造期.陆相致密砂岩天然气富集主要受这两次关键构造作用的控制，燕山晚期形成NE向主体构造，是NE向弱变形区、NW-SN向过渡变形带（通南巴西部）和NW向密集变形带的关键成藏期，构造-成藏响应模式为早期成藏、陆源充注、背斜控藏、褶皱控缝.喜山早期形成NW向构造和局限在早期NE向构造之间的近SN向构造，是SN向过渡变形带和NW-SN向过渡变形带（元坝东部）的关键成藏期，也是NW-SN向过渡变形带（通南巴西部）和NW向密集变形带的关键改造期，构造-成藏响应模式为晚期成藏、海相混源、断裂控藏、断裂控缝.Abstract: Most of the non-marine tight sandstone strata in the polycyclic superimposed basins in China is rich in hydrocarbon resources and exhibits complicated and specific hydrocarbon geological characteristics.Yuanba-Tongnanba area is located in a polycyclic and multi-attribute tectonic intersection.It is a typical region which could reveal the respond relationship between multiphase tectonization and non-marine tight gas accumulation in the polycyclic superimposed basin.Based on the seismic data, apatite fission track (AFT) geochronology and hydrocarbon accumulation characterizes analysis, two critical tectonic periods have been identified which are the Late Yanshan epoch (Late Cretaceous about 100-70 Ma) and the Early Himalayan epoch (Eocene to Olgocene about 40-25 Ma).The gas accumulation in the non-marine tight sandstone reservoirs was controlled by the tectonization of two critical tectonic periods.NE-trending structures were built in the Late Yanshan epoch which is the critical hydrocarbon accumulation period of NE-trending weak deformation zone, NW-SN trending transitional deformation belt (the west area of Tongnanba block) and NW-trending concentrated deformation belt.The respond pattern of Late Yanshan epoch could be expressed as earlier accumulation, terrestrial source, anticline control response on gas trap and fold control response on fractures.NW-trending and nearly SN-trending structures were built in the Early Himalayan epoch which is not only the critical hydrocarbon accumulation period of SN-trending transitional deformation belt and NW-SN trending transitional deformation belt (the east area of Yuanba block), but also the critical hydrocarbon reconstruction period of NW-SN trending transitional deformation belt (the west area of Tongnanba block) and NW-trending concentrated deformation belt.The respond pattern of Himalayan epoch could be expressed as late accumulation, marine-terrestrial mixed source, fault control response on gas trap and fault control response on fractures.
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图 1 四川盆地元坝和通南巴地区构造位置
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of Yuanba-Tongnanba area in Sichuan Basin
图 2 四川盆地元坝-通南巴及周边地区磷灰石裂变径迹数据分布
图中数据为中值年龄，部分数据来源：何登发等①(2012)；Lei et al.(2012); Tian et al. (2012)和Yang et al.(2013, 2017)
Fig. 2. Apatite fission track ages plotted on geologic map of Micang Shan Uplift, South Dabashan Fold and Thrust Belt and Yuanba-Tongnanba area in Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地元坝-通南巴及周边地区磷灰石裂变径迹模拟结果
(9)~(14)、(18)、(20)~(21)、(27)样品为实测数据，(1)~(2)、(8)、(24)~(26)来自Yang et al.(2013); (3)~(7)、(15)~(17)、(19)来自Tian et al. (2012)；(22)~(23)、(28)来自何登发等①(2012)
Fig. 3. Apatite fission track (AFT) thermal history modeling results of the Micang Shan Uplift, South Dabashan Fold and Thrust Belt and Yuanba-Tongnanba area in Sichuan Basin
图 4 元坝-通南巴地区上三叠统须家河组四段顶部构造体系及构造分区
①为NE向弱变形区；②为NE-NW向叠加变形区；②-Ⅰ为SN向过渡变形带；②-Ⅱ为NW-SN向过渡变形带；②-Ⅲ为NW向密集变形带
Fig. 4. Structural system and tectonic division of the top of 4th member of Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 6 元坝-通南巴地区燕山晚期上三叠统须家河组四段顶部古构造格架
Fig. 6. Late Yanshan epoch paleotectonic framework of the top of 4th member of Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 7 元坝-通南巴地区喜山早期上三叠统须家河组四段顶部古构造格架
Fig. 7. Early Himalayan epoch paleotectonic framework of the top of 4th member of Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 8 元坝-通南巴地区上三叠统须家河组四段顶部各构造带断层发育规模
a.NE向弱变形带；b.SN向过渡变形带；c.NW-SN向过渡变形带；d.NW向密集变形带
Fig. 8. Structure belts' fault scales of the top of 4th member of Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 9 元坝-通南巴地区上三叠统须家河组四段顶部3种方向断层发育密度
①为NE向弱变形区；②为SN向过渡变形带；③为NW-SN向过渡变形带；④为NW向密集变形带
Fig. 9. Three direction faults' density of the top of 4th member of Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 11 元坝-通南巴地区陆相致密砂岩层系烃类赋存类型及特征
图a、b、d、e据盘昌林和王威②(2013)；图c、f据张枝焕③(2015).a.沥青包裹体(元坝204井须二段)；b.油包裹体(马201井须二段)；c.油包裹体(元坝204井须二段石英颗粒加大边)；d.气态烃包裹体(元坝6井须四段方解石脉)；e.气态烃包裹体(元陆6井须二段石英颗粒裂纹)；f.气态烃包裹体(马2须二段、马102须四段石英颗粒裂纹)
Fig. 11. Three kinds of hydrocarbon type in non-marine tight sandstone reservoirs in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 12 元坝-通南巴地区陆相层系天然气类型分析
数据来源据张枝焕③(2015)
Fig. 12. Gas type in non-marine strata in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 13 元坝-通南巴地区陆相致密砂岩天然气成藏模式
Fig. 13. The hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in non-marine tight sandstone reservoirs in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
图 14 通南巴地区海相层系和陆相层系喜山期NW向断裂发育程度对比
a.上三叠统须家河组四段顶反射层断裂分布；b.中二叠统顶反射层断裂分布
Fig. 14. The distribution of Early Himalayan epoch NW-trend faults in marine and non-marine strata in Tongnanba area
表 1 元坝-通南巴地区各构造带断裂特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of fracture characteristics of each structural belt in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
构造区 NE向弱变形区 NW-SN向叠加变形区 构造带 NE向弱变形带 SN向过渡变形带 NW-SN向过渡变形带 NW向密集变形带 地理位置 元坝西部 元坝中部 元坝东部 通南巴西部 通南巴东部 断层
特征走向 NE向 近SN向 SN、NW向 SN、NW向 NW向 平面延伸长度 短 长 长 短 长 纵向切层层位 少, T2l-J1z 多, 膏岩-J2s 多, 膏岩-J1z 多, 膏岩-J2s 多, 海相地层-J2s 发育密度 小 大 NW>SN NW>SN 大 形成时间 燕山晚期 喜山早期 喜山早期 喜山早期 喜山早期 
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表 2 元坝-通南巴地区构造-成藏响应特征
Table 2. Tectonic-accumulation response characteristics in Yuanba-Tongnanba area
构造分带 关键成藏期 关键改造期及程度 控缝要素 层系差异 烃源差异 NE向弱变形区 燕山晚期 弱改造 褶皱控缝 浅层少成藏 陆源 近源 SN向过渡变形带 喜山早期 弱改造 断裂控缝 浅层多成藏 陆源 近源 NW-SN向过渡变形带(元坝东部) 喜山早期 弱改造 断裂控缝 浅层少成藏 陆源 近源 NW-SN向过渡变形带(通南巴西部) 燕山晚期 喜山早期强改造 褶皱-断裂联控 浅层少成藏 海陆混源，以陆为主 近源为主，局部远源 NW向密集变形带 燕山晚期 喜山早期强改造 褶皱-断裂联控 浅层多成藏 海陆混源，以海为主 近源+远源
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