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    地球化学调查数据在地质背景、成矿条件分析中的应用:以中国西北干旱荒漠区为例

    龚晶晶 杨剑洲 胡树起 马生明

    龚晶晶, 杨剑洲, 胡树起, 马生明, 2020. 地球化学调查数据在地质背景、成矿条件分析中的应用:以中国西北干旱荒漠区为例. 地球科学, 45(4): 1388-1402. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.094
    引用本文: 龚晶晶, 杨剑洲, 胡树起, 马生明, 2020. 地球化学调查数据在地质背景、成矿条件分析中的应用:以中国西北干旱荒漠区为例. 地球科学, 45(4): 1388-1402. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.094
    Gong Jingjing, Yang Jianzhou, Hu Shuqi, Ma Shengming, 2020. Application of Geochemical Data in Analysis of Geological Background and Metallogenic Conditions: A Case Study of Northwest China. Earth Science, 45(4): 1388-1402. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.094
    Citation: Gong Jingjing, Yang Jianzhou, Hu Shuqi, Ma Shengming, 2020. Application of Geochemical Data in Analysis of Geological Background and Metallogenic Conditions: A Case Study of Northwest China. Earth Science, 45(4): 1388-1402. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.094

    地球化学调查数据在地质背景、成矿条件分析中的应用:以中国西北干旱荒漠区为例

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.094
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160040

    中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所基本科研业务费项目 AS2017Y03

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      龚晶晶(1989-), 男, 工程师, 硕士, 主要从事勘查地球化学研究工作

      通讯作者:

      马生明(1963-), 男

    • 中图分类号: P632;P628

    Application of Geochemical Data in Analysis of Geological Background and Metallogenic Conditions: A Case Study of Northwest China

    • 摘要: 1:5万矿产地质调查中通常会优先部署地球化学调查工作,采样密度一般大于8点/km2,并分析多达38项地球化学指标,其主要目的是发现"矿致异常",指导矿产勘查工作.而研究表明,区域地球化学数据是地表物质化学组成的直接反映,所以不仅包含了与成矿有关的异常信息,更包含了丰富的地质信息.在本次工作中应用中国西北干旱荒漠景观区1:5万地球化学调查数据成功识别了工作区地质体单元的分布.相比1:20万地质底图,通过clr-PCA分析提取出的1:5万地球化学数据信息展现了更多的细节:(1)地质体单元可以更为细致地划分为多个次级单元;(2)侵入体单元可以进行期次或岩相划分;(3)可为地质体单元的归属提供依据.本项研究结果成功指导了后续开展的1:5万地质调查工作,并对最终的1:5万地质图进行了验证,此外还提供了多处有利找矿线索.

       

    • 图  1  研究区地质简图及采样点位置、工作区地貌景观特征

      地质底图来源:甘肃省地质局第二区域地质测量队(1972)石板井幅1:20万地质图

      Fig.  1.  Geological setting of study area and location of samples with 1:200 000 geological map, and landscape photograph

      图  2  常量组分PC1-PC2双标图

      Fig.  2.  Major oxide biplots of PC1 vs. PC2 of clr-transformed data

      图  3  微量元素主成分双标图

      Fig.  3.  Trace element biplots of PCs clr-transformed data

      图  4  主成分分析主成分得分点位符号图

      梯度界线采用累积频率方法确定(0%-5%-15%-25%-40%-60%-75%-85%-95%-100%).a.常量组分PC1得分(M-PC1);b.常量组分PC2得分(M-PC2);c.微量元素PC1得分(T-PC1),d.微量元素PC2得分(T-PC2),e.微量元素PC3得分(T-PC3),f.微量元素PC4得分(T-PC4).地质图例同图 1

      Fig.  4.  Samples symbol images of PC scores of clr-transformed data with 1:200 000 geological map

      图  5  主成分分析主成分得分点位符号

      注释同图 4;地质底图来源中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所编制,尚未正式出版

      Fig.  5.  Samples symbol images of PC scores of clr-transformed data with 1:50 000 geological map

      图  6  英云闪长岩野外露头、标本、薄片镜下照片

      a, b.英云闪长岩野外露头照片;c.英云闪长岩手标本照片;d.英云闪长岩薄片镜下照片

      Fig.  6.  Field photographs and micrographs of tonalite

      图  7  对数变换元素比值图

      Fig.  7.  Maps of element ratios (log-transformed)

      图  8  矿化露头照片

      a, b.银铅多金属矿化露头;c, d.矽卡岩化、褐铁矿化. Fe+Ag+Pb.铁银铅矿化;ηγ.二长花岗岩;Ag+Pb.银铅矿化;sk.矽卡岩化;ls.灰岩;Gp.文石;Arg.粘土化

      Fig.  8.  Photographs of metallization

      表  1  35个元素的分析方法及方法检出限

      Table  1.   The analytical methods and detection limits for 35 elements

      元素 分析方法 检出限
      SiO2 XRF 0.05
      Al2O3 XRF 0.02
      TFe2O3 XRF 0.02
      MgO XRF 0.02
      CaO XRF 0.02
      Na2O XRF 0.04
      K2O XRF 0.03
      TiO2 XRF 0.02
      Ag ICP-AES 0.016
      As AFS 0.5
      Au AAS 0.2
      Ba ICP-AES 5
      Be ICP-MS 0.08
      Co ICP-MS 0.23
      Cr ICP-MS 1.8
      Cu ICP-MS 0.29
      Cs ICP-MS 0.05
      La ICP-MS 0.1
      Li ICP-0ES 0.9
      Mo ICP-MS 0.1
      Mn ICP-MS 4
      Ni ICP-MS 0.26
      Pb ICP-MS 0.3
      Rb ICP-MS 0.5
      S XRF 50
      Sb AFS 0.04
      Sc ICP-MS 0.2
      Sn ICP-AES 0.7
      Sr ICP-AES 1
      Th ICP-MS 0.3
      U ICP-MS 0.04
      V ICP-AES 4
      W ICP-MS 0.11
      Zn ICP-MS 0.3
      Zr ICP-MS 0.6
      注:①元素检出限的单位说明,SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2为%,Au为ng/g,其他元素为μg/g.②分析技术方法说明,XRF.熔片制样X射线荧光光谱法;AFS.原子荧光光谱法;ICP-MS.电感耦合等离子体质谱法;ICP-AES.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  常量组分主成分分析结果

      Table  2.   Principal components of the origin and clr-transformed major oxide data

      常量组分 原始数据 clr变换数据
      PC1 PC2 PC1 PC2
      TiO2 0.002 0.962 -0.219 0.938
      SiO2 0.930 -0.096 0.865 0.021
      Al2O3 0.892 0.302 0.888 0.340
      TFe2O3 0.023 0.957 -0.170 0.939
      MgO -0.630 0.330 -0.854 0.215
      CaO -0.932 -0.165 -0.814 -0.215
      K2O 0.791 -0.398 0.931 -0.214
      Na2O 0.715 0.232 0.741 0.342
      特征值 4.06 2.29 4.42 2.13
      方差解释率(%) 50.80 28.62 55.26 26.68
      解释方差总和(%) 50.80 79.42 55.26 81.14
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  clr变换主成分分析结果解释

      Table  3.   Explanation of the two principal components extracted from the clr-transformed major oxide data

      方差解释率(%) 组合关系 解释
      55.26 ①MgO-CaO ①、②分别对应碳酸盐岩与花岗岩,元素组合呈现显著的反相关关系
      ②SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O
      26.68 ①TFe2O3-TiO2-(Na2O) TFe2O3-TiO2可能与中基性火山岩地层或侵入岩有关,也与部分矿化作用相关;而Na2O-K2O的对应与花岗岩的类型相关,CaO与碳酸盐岩相关
      ②K2O-CaO
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  微量元素主成分分析结果

      Table  4.   Principal components of the origin and clr-transformed trace element data

      元素 原始数据 clr变换数据
      PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5
      Au -0.16 0.24 0.44 0.03 -0.04 0.35 -0.21 -0.28 0.68 -0.21 0.06 -0.13
      Ag 0.17 0.30 0.58 -0.50 0.34 -0.16 0.03 0.14 0.64 -0.09 0.21 -0.07
      As -0.03 0.28 0.49 0.22 -0.08 0.40 -0.19 -0.17 0.56 0.56 -0.16 -0.06
      Ba 0.58 0.17 0.03 -0.07 -0.05 0.32 -0.19 0.68 -0.01 -0.03 0.01 -0.39
      Be 0.77 0.36 -0.22 0.08 -0.04 -0.02 0.03 0.84 -0.32 -0.12 -0.02 -0.03
      Co -0.65 0.64 -0.26 -0.06 0.05 0.03 -0.03 -0.84 -0.36 0.00 0.00 0.07
      Cr -0.38 0.53 -0.14 0.30 0.58 0.13 0.05 -0.60 -0.28 0.19 -0.19 -0.11
      Cs 0.61 0.36 -0.22 0.07 -0.03 0.07 -0.03 0.81 -0.23 -0.01 -0.16 -0.01
      Cu -0.50 0.63 -0.03 -0.01 -0.15 -0.09 -0.13 -0.84 -0.11 0.22 -0.02 0.07
      La 0.70 0.46 -0.16 0.11 -0.14 -0.02 0.12 0.79 -0.16 -0.10 -0.01 0.08
      Li -0.15 0.56 -0.27 0.05 -0.11 0.09 -0.01 -0.30 -0.10 -0.46 -0.23 0.30
      Mn -0.55 0.55 -0.17 -0.23 -0.16 0.05 0.02 -0.72 -0.18 0.01 0.39 0.06
      Mo 0.05 0.41 0.42 0.30 -0.09 -0.57 -0.02 0.29 0.43 0.49 0.27 0.24
      Ni -0.37 0.30 -0.11 0.34 0.71 0.11 0.11 -0.86 0.23 -0.06 -0.22 0.09
      Pb 0.58 0.33 0.27 -0.37 0.20 0.02 0.06 0.85 0.04 -0.07 0.10 -0.08
      Rb 0.87 0.17 -0.15 0.15 0.03 0.06 -0.05 0.91 -0.16 -0.06 -0.18 0.00
      S -0.06 0.12 0.38 0.24 -0.15 0.37 0.57 -0.08 0.52 -0.12 -0.19 -0.17
      Sb 0.07 0.23 0.39 0.28 0.00 -0.21 -0.41 0.13 0.54 0.57 -0.22 0.02
      Sc -0.59 0.68 -0.25 -0.12 -0.14 0.06 -0.06 -0.80 -0.48 0.05 -0.02 0.12
      Sn 0.48 0.38 -0.11 0.00 0.15 -0.13 0.09 0.65 0.11 -0.19 0.08 0.11
      Sr -0.45 0.00 0.20 -0.04 -0.16 -0.11 0.53 -0.58 0.34 -0.46 0.28 -0.01
      Te -0.08 0.28 0.32 0.26 -0.28 0.24 -0.07 -0.12 0.57 -0.19 0.00 -0.13
      Th 0.80 0.21 -0.18 0.19 -0.03 -0.04 0.06 0.89 -0.09 -0.13 -0.13 0.18
      U 0.33 0.56 0.15 0.33 -0.14 -0.26 0.24 0.30 0.50 -0.04 -0.07 0.67
      V -0.57 0.65 -0.02 -0.03 -0.15 -0.21 -0.13 -0.88 -0.30 0.04 -0.04 0.04
      W 0.51 0.37 0.29 -0.28 0.24 -0.03 0.00 0.72 0.06 0.35 -0.06 0.04
      Zn 0.00 0.68 0.06 -0.41 -0.07 0.12 0.15 -0.07 -0.51 0.41 0.50 0.10
      Zr 0.62 0.35 -0.22 -0.17 -0.13 0.11 -0.01 0.67 -0.58 0.12 0.12 -0.10
      特征值 6.73 5.08 2.07 1.48 1.38 1.20 1.06 11.36 4.10 1.89 1.30 1.02
      方差解释率(%) 24.05 18.14 7.40 5.30 4.93 4.29 3.77 40.60 14.63 6.77 4.65 3.65
      解释方差总和(%) 24.05 42.19 49.58 54.89 59.82 64.11 67.88 40.60 55.23 62.00 66.65 70.30
      下载: 导出CSV
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