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    青藏高原北部全吉地块白垩纪煌斑岩脉群的发现及意义

    王秉璋 陈静 张金明 李积清 白建海

    王秉璋, 陈静, 张金明, 李积清, 白建海, 2020. 青藏高原北部全吉地块白垩纪煌斑岩脉群的发现及意义. 地球科学, 45(4): 1136-1150. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.139
    引用本文: 王秉璋, 陈静, 张金明, 李积清, 白建海, 2020. 青藏高原北部全吉地块白垩纪煌斑岩脉群的发现及意义. 地球科学, 45(4): 1136-1150. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.139
    Wang Bingzhang, Chen Jing, Zhang Jinming, Li Jiqing, Bai Jianhai, 2020. Discovery and Significance of Cretaceous Lamprophyre Dike Group in Quanji Block of Northern Tibetan Plateau. Earth Science, 45(4): 1136-1150. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.139
    Citation: Wang Bingzhang, Chen Jing, Zhang Jinming, Li Jiqing, Bai Jianhai, 2020. Discovery and Significance of Cretaceous Lamprophyre Dike Group in Quanji Block of Northern Tibetan Plateau. Earth Science, 45(4): 1136-1150. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.139

    青藏高原北部全吉地块白垩纪煌斑岩脉群的发现及意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.139
    基金项目: 

    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(STEP)项目 2019QZKK0702

    国家自然科学基金项目 41762006

    青海省重大科技专项 2016-SF-A3

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      王秉璋(1969-), 男, 正高级工程师, 博士, 从事区域地质矿产调查工作

    • 中图分类号: P581

    Discovery and Significance of Cretaceous Lamprophyre Dike Group in Quanji Block of Northern Tibetan Plateau

    • 摘要: 除陆相沉积盆地外,青藏高原北部白垩纪建造记录稀少,岩浆活动的研究极少,幔源岩浆活动十分罕见,在青藏高原北部全吉地块首次发现了白垩纪煌斑岩脉群,深入研究可深化认识高原北部中生代晚期地质过程.对分布在全吉地块东部沙柳泉地区的煌斑岩进行了大比例尺填图,主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位测定、锆石SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究.煌斑岩中获得锆石U-Pb年龄分别为135.2±1.8 Ma和132.9±1.3 Ma.岩石具高钾(K2O=4.53%~5.25%)、镁(MgO=7.23%~12.27%)和低钛(0.85%~1.29%)的特点,为钾质钙碱性煌斑岩,Rb、Ba、Th、U和Pb等大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,Nb、Ta和Ti等高场元素(HFSE)亏损,(87Sr/86Sr)i介于0.718 0~0.718 6.εNdt)=-14.2~-14.4,208Pb/204Pb变化于38.414~39.334,207Pb/204Pb在15.632~15.681,206Pb/204Pb介于18.568~19.203,显示岩浆源于与洋陆俯冲作用影响有关的EMⅡ型地幔源,形成于南北拉张背景下沿深大断裂引起的岩石圈地幔局部部分熔融.岩石具有较高Au(平均值为6.8×10-9)和F(平均值2 450×10-6)浓度,对全吉地块东部金矿成矿作用十分有利.

       

    • 图  1  全吉地块及邻区区域构造分区略图

      潘桂棠等(2009)修改

      Fig.  1.  Outline of regional tectonic zoning of the Quanji block and adjacent areas

      图  2  沙柳泉地区地质简图

      1.达肯大坂岩群片麻岩组;2.达肯大坂岩群大理岩组;3.大煤沟组;4.干柴沟组;5.油砂山组;6.第四系;7.晚三叠世石英正长岩;8.晚三叠世二长花岗岩;9.二叠纪闪长岩;10.煌斑岩脉;11.辉绿岩脉;12.闪长玢岩脉;13.伟晶岩脉;14.地质界线;15.角度不整合界线;16.断层;17.采样点及编号

      Fig.  2.  Geological sketch of Shaliuquan area

      图  3  沙柳泉煌斑岩野外露头(a~d)和镜下特征(e~g)

      Fig.  3.  Outcrop (a-d) and microscopic characteristics (e-g) of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre

      图  4  沙柳泉煌斑岩的锆石CL图像

      Fig.  4.  Zircon CL images of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre

      图  5  沙柳泉煌斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图

      图 5a~5c为SHRIMP测年结果;图 5d~5f为LA-ICP-MS测年结果

      Fig.  5.  Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre

      图  6  沙柳泉煌斑岩的TAS图解(a)和n(K)-n(K+Na)图解(b)

      图a据Rock(1987)Middlemost(1994);图b据路凤香等(1991)

      Fig.  6.  TAS(a) and n(K) vs. n(K+Na) diagrams(b) of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre

      图  7  沙柳泉煌斑岩球粒陨石标准化REE模式图(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)

      标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)

      Fig.  7.  Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a) and primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre (b)

      图  8  沙柳泉煌斑岩La/Yb-Nb/Ta图解(a)和Nb/U-Nb图解(b)

      图b据姜耀辉等(2006)

      Fig.  8.  La /Yb vs. Nb/Ta (a) and Nb/U vs. Nb diagrams of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre (b)

      图  9  沙柳泉煌斑岩εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i相关图解(a)和207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb相关图解(b)

      图a地幔分区据Zindler and Hart(1986);图b据Rollison(2000)

      Fig.  9.  εNd(t) vs. (87Sr /86Sr)i (a) and 207Pb/ 204Pb vs. 206Pb /204Pb for the lamprophyres (b)

      表  1  沙柳泉煌斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果

      Table  1.   LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic compositions of zircons for the lamprophyre from Shaliuquan area

      Spot
      No.
      Th U Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      (10-6 207Pb/
      206Pb
      207Pb/
      235U
      206Pb/
      238U
      207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U
      1 441 333 1.32 0.049 6 0.002 3 0.138 7 0.005 9 0.020 3 0.000 3 177.6 106.0 131.8 5.3 129.8 1.9
      2 497 388 1.28 0.048 1 0.002 4 0.133 6 0.006 1 0.020 5 0.000 3 103.8 116.5 127.3 5.4 130.6 2.1
      3 60 318 0.19 0.049 8 0.003 0 0.140 3 0.008 2 0.020 5 0.000 4 183.4 138.2 133.3 7.3 131.0 2.6
      4 56 278 0.20 0.049 0 0.002 0 0.138 8 0.005 7 0.020 8 0.000 3 147.7 97.3 132.0 5.1 132.6 2.2
      5 46 291 0.16 0.049 1 0.002 4 0.140 1 0.006 5 0.020 9 0.000 3 153.6 114.6 133.2 5.8 133.1 2.1
      6 287 381 0.75 0.049 6 0.001 9 0.142 0 0.005 4 0.020 9 0.000 3 174.6 91.4 134.8 4.8 133.3 1.6
      7 65 573 0.11 0.048 1 0.002 9 0.139 8 0.008 8 0.021 0 0.000 4 104.7 143.7 132.8 7.8 134.0 2.7
      8 46 255 0.18 0.051 2 0.003 3 0.147 5 0.009 7 0.021 0 0.000 5 252.0 149.9 139.7 8.6 134.2 3.0
      9 85 2 289 0.04 0.049 5 0.001 7 0.144 0 0.005 2 0.021 1 0.000 3 171.6 79.9 136.6 4.6 134.6 1.8
      10 300 381 0.79 0.048 8 0.001 9 0.141 4 0.005 5 0.021 1 0.000 3 140.3 89.5 134.3 4.9 134.6 1.7
      11 495 1 123 0.44 0.049 7 0.000 8 0.155 7 0.002 6 0.022 9 0.000 2 178.9 37.9 147.0 2.3 146.0 1.5
      12 545 1 238 0.44 0.049 3 0.001 1 0.157 3 0.002 9 0.023 1 0.000 3 162.2 50.1 148.3 2.5 147.1 1.8
      13 180 657 0.27 0.050 1 0.001 2 0.159 2 0.003 9 0.023 1 0.000 2 198.6 57.5 150.0 3.4 147.3 1.5
      14 643 1 063 0.60 0.049 9 0.001 3 0.160 5 0.004 9 0.023 3 0.000 4 191.0 61.2 151.2 4.3 148.5 2.8
      15 308 989 0.31 0.048 3 0.001 0 0.156 3 0.003 4 0.023 4 0.000 3 113.0 50.7 147.4 3.0 148.9 1.9
      16 172 932 0.18 0.050 3 0.001 5 0.239 9 0.007 0 0.034 7 0.000 5 210.8 70.8 218.4 5.7 219.8 3.0
      17 116 829 0.14 0.053 6 0.001 6 0.272 0 0.010 2 0.036 7 0.000 8 356.1 69.3 244.3 8.1 232.4 5.2
      18 1 256 899 1.40 0.051 1 0.001 4 0.259 6 0.007 7 0.036 8 0.000 4 243.2 63.0 234.4 6.2 233.2 2.5
      19 449 388 1.16 0.051 5 0.001 4 0.265 4 0.006 8 0.037 5 0.000 4 261.1 61.5 239.0 5.4 237.3 2.3
      20 0 5 655 0.00 0.050 9 0.000 5 0.264 0 0.003 1 0.037 7 0.000 4 237.5 21.2 237.9 2.5 238.3 2.4
      21 2 150 1 586 1.36 0.055 4 0.000 8 0.290 6 0.004 9 0.038 2 0.000 4 426.6 30.6 259.0 3.8 241.7 2.5
      22 568 528 1.08 0.053 3 0.001 3 0.305 9 0.007 6 0.041 7 0.000 5 341.4 56.0 271.0 5.9 263.3 3.0
      23 63 158 0.40 0.052 0 0.002 4 0.312 9 0.013 3 0.044 1 0.000 6 287.2 104.3 276.4 10.3 278.2 4.0
      24 137 149 0.92 0.055 0 0.001 3 0.514 8 0.012 4 0.068 2 0.000 7 410.4 54.5 421.7 8.3 425.1 4.1
      25 394 331 1.19 0.055 4 0.001 2 0.521 0 0.010 8 0.068 3 0.000 7 426.9 48.9 425.8 7.2 425.8 4.5
      26 2 597 1872 1.39 0.056 2 0.000 4 0.532 8 0.007 0 0.068 5 0.000 6 460.4 17.5 433.7 4.7 427.2 3.8
      27 360 465 0.77 0.056 4 0.001 1 0.541 2 0.010 5 0.069 7 0.000 6 466.8 44.8 439.2 6.9 434.1 3.7
      28 602 913 0.66 0.056 3 0.000 8 0.543 6 0.008 4 0.069 9 0.000 8 464.8 30.2 440.8 5.5 435.7 4.8
      29 258 339 0.76 0.055 4 0.001 1 0.536 7 0.009 8 0.070 2 0.000 7 430.3 43.1 436.2 6.5 437.1 4.0
      30 526 577 0.91 0.056 6 0.001 4 0.548 4 0.013 7 0.070 2 0.000 8 476.0 54.0 444.0 9.0 437.3 5.0
      31 448 399 1.12 0.054 8 0.001 7 0.532 1 0.017 5 0.070 2 0.001 1 405.7 67.7 433.2 11.6 437.3 6.4
      32 320 386 0.83 0.055 8 0.001 3 0.539 0 0.015 4 0.070 2 0.001 1 442.4 53.5 437.8 10.2 437.5 6.4
      33 258 282 0.91 0.055 8 0.001 3 0.540 2 0.012 0 0.070 3 0.000 7 445.9 50.1 438.5 7.9 438.0 4.3
      34 337 406 0.83 0.055 2 0.001 0 0.537 3 0.010 6 0.070 4 0.000 8 419.6 40.4 436.6 7.0 438.7 4.5
      35 1 204 963 1.25 0.055 9 0.001 4 0.542 5 0.014 1 0.070 4 0.001 0 450.0 56.4 440.1 9.3 438.8 6.2
      36 178 157 1.14 0.056 6 0.002 5 0.548 3 0.025 4 0.070 5 0.001 4 475.4 96.7 443.9 16.7 439.4 8.5
      37 498 630 0.79 0.055 9 0.001 4 0.550 0 0.020 0 0.070 9 0.001 3 448.5 55.8 445.0 13.1 441.5 7.6
      38 486 650 0.75 0.055 9 0.000 9 0.547 5 0.009 2 0.070 9 0.000 6 446.5 36.2 443.3 6.0 441.7 3.8
      39 21 955 0.02 0.058 0 0.001 6 0.568 8 0.022 9 0.070 9 0.001 6 530.7 58.9 457.3 14.8 441.8 9.5
      40 305 470 0.65 0.055 3 0.000 9 0.542 7 0.010 4 0.071 0 0.000 7 424.5 36.9 440.2 6.9 442.2 4.0
      41 137 93 1.48 0.056 6 0.001 7 0.548 9 0.015 5 0.071 1 0.000 9 477.6 66.7 444.3 10.2 443.0 5.6
      42 292 351 0.83 0.055 1 0.001 5 0.543 1 0.017 9 0.071 2 0.001 1 416.9 60.9 440.5 11.7 443.6 6.8
      43 94 207 0.46 0.058 5 0.002 3 0.698 3 0.030 1 0.086 4 0.001 6 550.2 86.7 537.8 18.0 534.4 9.8
      44 251 348 0.72 0.069 5 0.000 8 1.442 3 0.017 9 0.150 3 0.001 2 913.6 24.4 906.7 7.4 902.5 6.9
      45 41 296 0.14 0.070 4 0.001 1 1.527 5 0.021 6 0.157 0 0.001 6 939.9 30.7 941.5 8.7 940.2 8.8
      46 85 519 0.16 0.070 2 0.001 6 1.530 3 0.039 2 0.157 5 0.001 9 933.2 47.4 942.6 15.7 942.6 10.8
      47 93 555 0.17 0.080 8 0.001 3 2.329 4 0.036 1 0.208 7 0.001 9 1 216.9 31.6 1 221.3 11.0 1 221.9 9.9
      48 90 444 0.20 0.080 7 0.001 4 2.368 6 0.049 9 0.212 5 0.003 0 1 213.7 34.4 1 233.2 15.0 1 242.1 15.9
      49 203 494 0.41 0.082 2 0.001 1 2.421 2 0.058 3 0.212 6 0.003 1 1 251.1 26.1 1 248.9 17.3 1 242.7 16.3
      50 366 393 0.93 0.087 7 0.000 8 2.847 2 0.026 6 0.235 3 0.002 3 1 375.6 17.4 1 368.1 7.0 1 362.0 11.8
      51 39 545 0.07 0.113 2 0.001 1 5.327 2 0.056 6 0.340 5 0.003 0 1 851.8 17.7 1 873.2 9.1 1 888.9 14.6
      52 132 266 0.50 0.113 9 0.001 8 5.370 4 0.098 8 0.340 8 0.003 5 1 861.9 29.3 1 880.1 15.8 1 890.3 16.9
      53 65 138 0.47 0.157 3 0.001 6 9.668 7 0.137 7 0.445 8 0.005 0 2 426.5 17.3 2 403.7 13.1 2 376.4 22.2
      54 337 730 0.46 0.157 0 0.002 0 9.743 9 0.166 6 0.447 4 0.006 1 2 423.2 21.1 2 410.9 15.7 2 383.5 27.3
      55 297 144 2.06 0.158 6 0.001 4 10.203 9 0.138 1 0.466 8 0.005 1 2 441.2 15.3 2 453.4 12.5 2 469.5 22.4
      56 96 171 0.56 0.161 5 0.001 3 10.469 6 0.096 7 0.469 4 0.003 1 2 471.8 13.4 2 477.2 8.6 2 480.8 13.8
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  沙柳泉煌斑岩主量元素(%)、微量和稀土元素(10-6)化学成分分析结果

      Table  2.   Major (%) and trace and REE element (10-6) abundances of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre

      送样号 AMNG

      GS2-1
      AMNG
      GS2-2
      AMNG
      GS2-3
      AMNG
      GS4-1
      AMNG
      GS4-2
      AMNG
      GS4-3
      SLQ
      GS1-1
      SLQ
      GS1-2
      SLQ
      GS1-3
      SLQ
      GS1-4
      SiO2 51.22 51.65 52.10 51.54 46.73 52.18 48.53 48.83 48.71 48.77
      TiO2 0.90 0.96 1.02 0.93 1.29 0.89 0.87 0.90 0.85 0.90
      Al2O3 10.37 11.05 11.48 10.68 11.80 10.33 11.36 11.54 11.29 11.40
      Fe2O3 1.51 1.62 1.24 1.61 2.07 1.55 1.86 2.03 1.97 2.38
      FeO 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.30 6.00 5.20 5.40 5.20 5.20 5.00
      MnO 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.27 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
      MgO 11.39 11.50 10.79 12.27 7.23 11.82 9.82 9.02 9.64 9.52
      CaO 7.49 6.36 6.41 6.42 8.53 6.76 7.37 7.35 7.48 7.27
      Na2O 1.17 1.33 1.50 1.13 1.04 1.08 2.11 2.27 2.17 2.15
      K2O 4.64 5.01 5.25 4.78 4.53 4.72 4.96 5.08 4.91 5.02
      P2O5 0.55 0.57 0.65 0.57 0.78 0.53 0.57 0.58 0.55 0.57
      H2O+ 2.67 2.78 2.33 2.96 3.84 2.80 1.99 2.06 1.99 1.98
      CO2 2.36 1.39 0.87 1.03 3.29 1.39 2.98 2.47 2.98 4.32
      LOST 4.94 3.76 3.41 3.70 8.60 4.19 5.74 5.79 5.87 5.85
      H2O- 0.92 0.86 0.76 0.89 0.79 0.95 0.51 0.47 0.45 0.47
      Sc 19.57 20.08 19.68 19.74 26.84 19.53 20.92 22.54 21.95 22.74
      Li 48.90 45.90 41.68 50.83 52.29 49.63 13.41 11.96 12.11 12.58
      Be 6.49 6.78 6.84 6.59 5.46 6.63 5.86 8.24 5.66 6.24
      Co 34.74 35.27 34.55 37.22 32.84 37.04 34.46 31.70 32.95 33.76
      Rb 177.0 208.7 257.4 138.5 207.2 179.5 128.2 214.5 108.7 160.8
      Zr 354.0 382.5 378.1 369.3 444.9 354.3 350.1 341.7 341.1 348.2
      Nb 11.14 21.66 20.99 10.29 7.01 7.64 13.45 9.80 6.69 10.62
      Hf 8.0 8.4 8.5 8.2 9.6 7.9 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.5
      Ta 0.80 1.87 1.62 0.74 0.55 0.65 0.82 0.65 0.36 0.66
      Th 65.03 86.81 85.68 77.65 86.82 78.12 80.05 63.17 51.73 61.87
      U 12.62 12.97 13.77 12.83 19.32 13.70 15.81 15.66 15.13 14.45
      Ba 1 469 1 484 1 634 1 421 1 280 1 449 3 287 3 447 3 078 3 417
      Cr 554.3 593.4 513.7 686.3 377.7 644.6 425.9 424.5 447.3 408.1
      Ni 186.3 186.1 169.9 208.6 78.96 197.4 193.9 161.9 188.3 182.7
      Sr 366.6 395.8 448.0 352.5 560.0 347.7 834.7 897.2 833.8 844.4
      V 99.10 103.5 111.0 104.5 146.9 98.69 143.1 144.1 138.2 140.9
      F 2542 2629 2476 2735 4134 2855 1737 1847 1761 1789
      Sn 6.94 7.79 10.77 5.72 6.36 5.46 4.81 4.93 4.83 7.19
      Au 12.5 17.2 13.8 9.4 2.2 5.6 2.2 2.7 1.4 1.3
      La 64.40 64.16 64.43 62.17 76.06 62.44 104.9 113.2 110.9 117.1
      Ce 151.0 139.9 105.1 146.9 81.15 135.8 223.9 246.2 234.7 250.5
      Pr 21.29 21.33 22.92 20.76 26.23 20.56 28.08 31.24 29.75 31.68
      Nd 91.05 93.22 101.4 88.94 118.3 88.86 109.8 119.7 115.1 122.4
      Sm 18.03 18.69 20.32 17.63 23.19 17.66 17.20 18.88 18.14 19.04
      Eu 3.07 3.27 3.72 2.91 3.81 2.90 3.29 3.60 3.47 3.67
      Gd 10.99 11.46 11.93 10.68 13.34 10.48 10.96 12.01 11.46 12.22
      Tb 1.37 1.37 1.50 1.32 1.66 1.30 1.39 1.52 1.45 1.54
      Dy 6.15 6.35 6.68 6.12 7.72 5.95 6.51 7.13 6.78 7.21
      Ho 0.98 1.02 1.08 0.98 1.29 0.97 1.10 1.21 1.14 1.21
      Er 2.32 2.37 2.50 2.30 3.15 2.26 2.61 2.91 2.72 2.90
      Tm 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.33 0.44 0.32 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.42
      Yb 2.03 2.04 2.08 2.01 2.77 1.94 2.35 2.60 2.52 2.63
      Lu 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.43 0.29 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.42
      Y 27.37 27.72 29.31 26.73 34.89 26.23 29.05 32.00 30.40 32.19
      ∑REE 373.3 365.8 344.4 363.3 359.6 351.7 512.9 561.0 538.9 572.95
      (La/Yb)n 21.44 21.18 20.86 20.84 18.50 21.74 30.11 29.39 29.66 30.01
      δEu 0.62 0.63 0.67 0.60 0.61 0.60 0.69 0.68 0.69 0.69
      Mg# 76.3 76.1 76.0 76.6 62.3 76.3 71.4 69.8 71.3 70.6
      注:样品AMNG GS2 1、2、3岩性为斜闪煌斑岩;AMNG GS4 1、2、3为云煌斑岩;SLQ GS1 1、2、3、4为球颗状云母角闪煌斑岩.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  沙柳泉煌斑岩全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成

      Table  3.   Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Shaliuquan lamprophyre

      样品号 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr (87Sr/86Sr)i 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd (143Nd/144Nd)i t(Ma) εNd(t) tDM1 tDM2 206 Pb/204Pb 207 Pb /204 Pb 208Pb/204 Pb
      SLQ GS1-1 0.444 8 0.719 31 0.000 004 0.718 5 0.094 62 0.511 81 0.000 002 0.511 73 133 -14.4 1 716 2 101 19.203 15.67 39.215
      SLQ GS1-2 0.692 4 0.719 33 0.000 003 0.718 0 0.095 34 0.511 82 0.000 002 0.511 74 133 -14.2 1 709 2 079 18.568 15.632 38.414
      SLQ GS1-3 0.377 6 0.719 36 0.000 003 0.718 6 0.095 23 0.511 82 0.000 002 0.511 74 133 -14.2 1 709 2 082 19.193 15.672 39.217
      SLQ GS1-4 0.551 5 0.719 58 0.000 003 0.718 5 0.093 97 0.511 82 0.000 003 0.511 74 133 -14.2 1 690 2 079 19.312 15.681 39.334
      下载: 导出CSV
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