西藏松多地区榴辉岩的原岩属性探讨及其地质意义

董宇超; 解超明; 范建军; 于云鹏; 郝宇杰

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.148

西藏松多地区榴辉岩的原岩属性探讨及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.148

董宇超^1,,
解超明^1,2, ,,
范建军^1,2,
于云鹏¹,
郝宇杰²

1.
吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130061
2.
东北亚矿产资源评价自然资源部重点实验室, 吉林长春 130061

基金项目:

中国地质调查局区域地质调查项目 121201010000150014

国家自然科学基金项目 41702227

国家自然科学基金项目 41402190

中国地质调查局区域地质调查项目 DD20160026

详细信息

作者简介:
董宇超(1993-), 男, 在读博士, 矿产普查与勘探专业

通讯作者:
解超明

中图分类号: P534.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-15

Discussion on Protolith Properties of Eclogites in Sumdo Area, Tibet and Their Significance

1.
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China

摘要

摘要: 松多榴辉岩是约束拉萨板块中部古特提斯洋演化的重要材料，前人对其形成年代、变质P-T轨迹等诸多方面已进行了详细的研究，然而对其原岩的研究却较为薄弱，地球化学分析是恢复榴辉岩原岩的重要手段，也是反演区域古特提斯洋演化的重要依据.在系统收集区域地球化学数据的基础上，采集了17件松多榴辉岩样品，进行了地球化学研究，意在对区域构造演化提供新的制约.松多地区主要出露双矿物榴辉岩和退变质榴辉岩，两类榴辉岩都表现出亚碱性拉斑玄武岩的特征，在微量元素和各类构造环境判别图解中，两种榴辉岩分别都落入了N-MORB和E-MORB区域.基于上述分析结果，并结合区域地质资料，表明松多古特提斯洋在演化过程中可能长期存在地幔柱岩浆和正常洋中脊亏损地幔岩浆的相互作用.
- 西藏 /
- 松多地区 /
- 榴辉岩 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The Sumdo eclogite is an important material for constraining the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys in the central part of the Lhasa plate. Detailed studies have been carried out on its geochronological data and metamorphic P-T conditions. The study of eclogite protoliths is relatively weak. The geochemical analysis of eclogites is an important means to restore the composition of the original rocks, and it is also an important evidence for retrieving the evolution process of the Paleo-Tethys in the Sumdo area. Based on the systematic collection and classification of the previous geochemical data of Sumdo eclogite, 17 geochemical samples were collected from Sumdo eclogite for systematic analysis, which is intended to provide new constraints on regional tectonic evolution. Two types of eclogites were exposed in the Sumdo area, which are bimineralic eclogite and retrograded eclogite. Both types of eclogites are characterized by sub-alkaline basalts. In the trace elements and various tectonic environment discrimination diagrams, two kinds of eclogites are all in the N-MORB and E-MORB areas. Based on the above analysis results, combined with regional geological data, the interaction of the mantle plum mass and the normal mid-ocean ridge during the process of Paleo-Tethys Ocean has existed for a long time.
- Tibet /
- Sumdo area /
- eclogites /
- geochemistry

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图 1 西藏拉萨板块松多榴辉岩地质简图及采样位置

a.青藏高原大地构造格架图，据李才等(2006)；b.研究区地质简图. BNSZ.班公湖–怒江缝合带；SNMZ.狮泉河–纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF.洛巴堆–米拉山断裂带；IYSSZ.印度–雅鲁藏布缝合带

Fig. 1. Geological map and sampling location of Sumdo eclogites in the Lhasa plate, Tibet

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图 2 松多榴辉岩及其围岩野外和镜下照片

a.榴辉岩与围岩接触关系；b.金红石榴辉岩近景照片；c.退变质榴辉岩近景照片；d.石英岩近景照片；e.白云母石英片岩镜下照片(+)；f.榴辉岩峰期变质矿物组合镜下照片(-)；g.退变质榴辉岩镜下照片(-)；h.石英岩镜下照片(+).Omp.绿辉石；Grt.石榴石；Phen.多硅白云母；Ru.金红石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Amp.角闪石；Ms.白云母；Qtz.石英

Fig. 2. Photograph and micrograph of the eclogite and their surrounding rocks from Sumdo area

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图 4 原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图及球粒陨石标准化稀土配分曲线图

标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)；区域数据来自陈松永等(2007)、曾令森等(2009)

Fig. 4. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams and chondrite-normalized REE patterns

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图 5 松多榴辉岩岩石类型判别图解

a.10⁴×Zr/TiO₂-Nb/Y图解，据Winchester and Floyd(1977)；b.Ti-Cr图解，据Pearce(1975)；c.Ti-Zr图解，据Pearce et al.(1995)；d.V-Ti/10³图解，据Shervais (1982)；MORB为大洋中脊玄武岩；N-MORB为正常大洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB为富集型大洋中脊玄武岩；OIB为洋岛玄武岩；WPB为板内玄武岩；区域数据来自陈松永等(2007)、曾令森等(2009)

Fig. 5. Classification diagram of eclogite rocks

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图 6 松多地区榴辉岩构造判别图解

a. Th/Yb-Nb/Yb图解，据Pearce and Peate(1995)；b. Zr/Y-δNb图解，据Fitton et al.(1997)；c. Hf/3-Th-Ta图解，据Wood(1980)；d. Hf/3-Th-Nb/16图解，据Wood(1980)；MORB为大洋中脊玄武岩；N-MORB为正常大洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB为富集型大洋中脊玄武岩；OIB为洋岛玄武岩；A为正常洋中脊玄武岩；B为富集型洋中脊玄武岩或板内拉斑玄武岩；C为板内碱性玄武岩；D为岛弧拉斑玄武岩；区域数据来自陈松永等(2007)、曾令森等(2009)

Fig. 6. Structural discrimination diagram of Sumdo eclogites

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图 3 松多榴辉岩石榴石及绿辉石成分图解

Alm.铁铝榴石；Spe.锰铝榴石；Gro.钙铝榴石；Pyr.镁铝榴石；WEF.硅辉石、顽火辉石、铁辉石；Jd.硬玉；Ae.霓石；Aug.普通辉石；CaEs.钙埃斯科拉

Fig. 3. Composition plots of garnet and omphacite in Sumdo eclogites

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表 1 松多榴辉岩典型石榴石化学成分分析数据

Table 1. Chemical analyses of garnet from Sumdo eclogite

样品	退变质榴辉岩							双矿物榴辉岩
编号	Grt-1	Grt-2	Grt-3	Grt-4	Grt-5	Grt-6	Grt-7	Grt-1	Grt-2	Grt-3	Grt-4	Grt-5	Grt-6	Grt-7
SiO₂	39.66	39.53	39.30	40.07	39.84	39.73	39.93	39.20	39.66	39.20	39.22	39.79	38.69	38.75
TiO₂	0.08	0.07	0.13	0.13	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.27	0.22	0.02	0.11	0.07	0.03	0.08
Al₂O₃	22.35	22.15	21.81	21.90	21.95	22.01	22.00	21.47	21.64	21.52	21.98	21.99	21.85	21.76
Cr₂O₃	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.05
FeO	19.80	19.58	19.48	19.91	19.95	19.63	20.28	19.90	19.55	19.76	19.64	19.83	21.62	19.77
MnO	0.51	0.43	0.39	0.40	0.33	0.44	0.46	0.39	0.42	0.44	0.40	0.45	0.45	0.41
MgO	7.67	7.47	7.21	7.42	7.36	7.53	7.43	7.36	7.24	7.01	7.28	7.43	6.62	7.25
CaO	10.29	10.46	10.71	10.75	10.73	10.99	10.54	10.76	10.67	10.55	10.52	10.79	10.49	10.61
Si	3.00	3.01	3.02	3.03	3.02	3.01	3.02	3.00	3.03	3.03	3.01	3.02	2.98	2.99
Ti	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
Al	1.99	1.99	1.97	1.95	1.96	1.96	1.96	1.94	1.95	1.96	1.99	1.96	1.98	1.98
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Fe³⁺	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.02
Fe²⁺	1.25	1.25	1.24	1.23	1.25	1.22	1.26	1.23	1.23	1.26	1.26	1.24	1.36	1.26
fe	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.26	1.27	1.24	1.28	1.28	1.25	1.28	1.26	1.26	1.39	1.28
Mn	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Mg	0.87	0.85	0.83	0.84	0.83	0.85	0.84	0.84	0.83	0.81	0.83	0.84	0.76	0.83
Ca	0.83	0.85	0.88	0.87	0.87	0.89	0.85	0.88	0.87	0.87	0.87	0.88	0.87	0.88
Spe	1.09	0.92	0.86	0.85	0.71	0.94	1.00	0.84	0.92	0.96	0.86	0.97	0.96	0.89
Gro	27.82	28.54	29.18	28.05	28.37	28.53	27.35	27.26	28.47	28.41	28.92	28.30	27.22	28.30
Alm	41.90	41.80	41.78	41.57	41.96	40.74	42.23	41.27	41.63	42.45	42.24	41.47	45.21	42.02
Pyr	28.93	28.40	27.74	28.21	27.99	28.47	28.11	28.23	27.91	27.18	27.89	28.16	25.16	27.82
注：单矿物的化学成分分析是在吉林大学测试科学实验中心进行的，所使用的电子探针型号为JXA-8230，分析条件为：放射束电流的加速电压20 kV、电流20 nA、探针束斑直径5 μm，石榴石4个端元计算如下：Alm=100×Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Mn+Ca)；Gro=100×Ca/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Mn+Ca)；Pyr=100×Mg/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Mn+Ca)；Spe=100×Mn/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Mn+Ca).

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表 2 松多榴辉岩典型绿辉石化学成分分析数据

Table 2. Chemical analyses of omphacite from Sumdo eclogite

样品	退变质榴辉岩			双矿物榴辉岩
测点号	Omp-1	Omp-2	Omp-3	Omp-2	Omp-2	Omp-3
SiO₂	54.26	53.86	55.36	54.67	54.27	54.99
TiO₂	0.21	0.18	0.15	0.24	0.15	0.20
Al₂O₃	8.07	8.07	8.94	7.97	7.85	7.88
Cr₂O₃	0.06	0.00	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.00
FeO	4.81	4.56	4.38	4.70	4.36	4.13
MnO	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.04	0.04
MgO	10.78	10.95	9.94	10.77	11.13	11.38
CaO	18.16	18.20	17.15	17.70	18.27	18.02
Na₂O	3.83	3.87	3.62	4.17	3.93	4.06
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.90	0.00	0.00	0.00
Si	1.96	1.95	1.98	1.97	1.96	1.96
Al^IV	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.04
Al^VI	0.30	0.30	0.36	0.30	0.29	0.30
Ti	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Fe³⁺	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.01
Fe²⁺	0.15	0.11	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.11
Mn	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mg	0.58	0.59	0.53	0.58	0.60	0.61
Ca	0.70	0.71	0.66	0.68	0.71	0.69
Na	0.27	0.27	0.25	0.29	0.27	0.28
al	0.34	0.34	0.38	0.34	0.33	0.33
K	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00
Q	72.72	72.24	72.41	70.50	71.95	71.44
jds	27.28	26.03	27.59	28.58	26.05	27.49
Ae	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CaEs	0.00	0.00	8.58	0.00	0.00	0.00
Aug	60.74	60.37	61.32	60.71	61.69	61.45
注：标准辉石各端元组分计算方法根据Morimoto(1988)，硬玉(X_Jd)=Al^VI/(Na+Ca), 霓石(X_Ae)=(Na-Al^VI)/(Na+Ca)，普通辉石(X_Au)=(Ca+Mg+Fe²⁺)/2，CaEs=Al^total-2Al^IV-Na，如果Al^total-2Al^iv-Na < 0，CaEs=0详尽的分析方法步骤请参照Zhai et al.(2011).

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表 3 松多退变质榴辉岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 3. Analytical results of major (%) and trace elements (10^-⁶) for Sumdo eclogites

样品号	Tb-01	Tb-02	Tb-03	Tb-04	Tb-05	Sk-01	Sk-02	Sk-03
SiO₂	42.14	42.35	44.77	41.52	42.94	47.13	46.67	48.12
TiO₂	3.34	1.61	1.71	2.47	1.24	2.74	2.76	2.53
Al₂O₃	15.61	14.94	16.61	15.10	14.54	14.85	14.92	14.74
Fe₂O₃^T	18.11	14.09	12.78	14.14	12.34	13.48	13.85	13.15
MnO	0.29	0.21	0.21	0.18	0.20	0.19	0.20	0.20
MgO	8.30	10.74	9.15	10.08	11.96	7.45	7.33	7.28
CaO	11.01	13.84	12.42	14.32	14.67	10.76	10.65	10.45
Na₂O	0.79	1.14	1.88	1.85	1.93	2.68	2.84	2.64
K₂O	0.06	0.19	0.33	0.03	0.05	0.45	0.54	0.48
P₂O₅	0.40	0.17	0.21	0.21	0.12	0.27	0.27	0.29
Lol	0.52	1.87	0.54	0.77	0.56	0.45	0.40	0.63
合计	100.57	101.15	100.61	100.69	100.56	100.45	100.43	100.52
Li	3.57	10.66	15.22	17.34	23.54	4.23	3.98	4.78
P	1 450.2	601.0	778.2	725.4	376.6	936.8	877.2	1 014.4
K	367.60	1 316.80	2 500.00	84.78	197.94	3 306.00	3 894.00	3 808.00
Sc	55.10	55.18	51.92	46.80	50.02	44.72	43.06	43.60
Ti	20 320	10 574	11 480	13 712	6 730	17 868	17 418	16 588
V	428.40	557.20	430.80	476.00	408.20	448.20	432.80	408.20
Cr	120.38	482.00	497.80	481.00	371.60	266.00	259.40	272.00
Mn	2 352.0	1 927.6	2 016.0	1 442.0	1 546.8	1 723.8	1 697.0	1 763.4
Co	56.52	65.14	57.24	50.40	51.00	54.74	54.22	53.36
Ni	79.82	176.44	125.58	124.92	154.12	93.52	94.70	95.16
Cu	7.13	9.81	46.74	10.48	16.06	103.42	134.68	145.14
Zn	62.30	86.80	47.24	54.34	57.22	100.74	95.86	95.22
Ga	13.72	22.40	18.34	16.26	17.18	24.64	23.24	23.08
Rb	2.42	5.57	3.07	0.43	0.92	9.89	12.60	9.09
Sr	48.98	201.40	44.14	86.20	70.12	238.60	225.00	245.00
Y	68.38	39.94	42.78	46.34	29.96	31.88	31.02	30.60
Zr	196.42	65.30	73.40	76.72	62.00	136.14	127.82	126.94
Nb	4.30	1.54	2.97	2.63	1.21	16.96	16.11	14.78
Cs	0.23	0.28	0.25	0.11	0.05	0.19	0.23	0.20
Ba	15.29	59.62	126.68	4.18	7.35	85.82	97.36	126.10
La	0.81	8.57	1.82	3.28	3.96	10.17	10.11	9.77
Ce	2.53	26.16	6.08	10.91	13.35	25.48	25.10	24.74
Pr	0.46	4.28	1.07	1.88	2.32	3.59	3.52	3.49
Nd	2.67	21.86	5.86	9.97	12.37	16.47	16.13	16.12
Sm	1.21	6.69	2.24	3.43	3.96	4.66	4.56	4.57
Eu	0.53	2.24	0.87	1.23	1.27	1.65	1.61	1.65
Gd	2.77	7.50	3.98	5.33	4.63	5.65	5.54	5.55
Tb	0.91	1.19	0.91	1.10	0.77	0.94	0.92	0.92
Dy	9.30	7.13	6.80	7.69	4.97	5.80	5.64	5.63
Ho	2.39	1.43	1.53	1.64	1.05	1.16	1.12	1.13
Er	7.26	4.08	4.55	4.73	3.07	3.19	3.08	3.08
Tm	1.06	0.59	0.67	0.68	0.45	0.44	0.43	0.42
Yb	6.84	3.87	4.28	4.32	2.89	2.72	2.66	2.63
Lu	1.02	0.58	0.63	0.64	0.43	0.39	0.38	0.38
Hf	5.00	1.58	1.72	1.90	1.61	3.52	3.29	3.28
Ta	0.27	0.10	0.19	0.19	0.13	1.16	0.99	0.89
Pb	0.76	4.42	0.36	1.38	0.93	1.35	1.09	1.88
Th	0.07	0.28	0.07	0.12	0.17	1.00	0.96	0.87
U	0.06	0.13	0.03	0.09	0.06	0.27	0.28	0.29

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表 4 松多双矿物榴辉岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 4. Analytical results of major (%) and trace elements (10^-⁶) for Sumdo eclogites

样品号	Sk-04	Sk-05	Sk-06	Sk-07	Sk-08	Sk-09	Sk-10	Sk-11	Sk-12
SiO₂	44.70	45.31	44.82	50.29	42.79	48.97	46.37	46.69	47.72
TiO₂	2.82	1.88	1.92	1.54	3.24	3.08	3.29	3.24	2.08
Al₂O₃	14.55	15.03	15.44	14.03	15.44	12.96	13.88	13.53	13.11
Fe₂O₃^T	16.89	15.41	15.24	12.66	13.46	12.67	18.64	18.17	14.38
MnO	0.29	0.22	0.25	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.23	0.27	0.25
MgO	5.99	7.38	7.73	6.34	5.15	5.05	5.61	5.92	6.22
CaO	9.79	10.55	10.65	10.54	13.69	11.82	7.26	7.45	9.67
Na₂O	2.92	3.26	3.29	3.39	3.94	3.34	3.18	3.11	2.92
K₂O	0.72	0.69	0.38	0.27	0.27	0.32	0.86	0.77	1.41
P₂O₅	0.61	0.24	0.24	0.22	0.35	0.46	0.49	0.61	0.32
Lol	1.78	0.58	0.61	1.48	3.33	2.64	0.69	0.72	4.04
合计	101.06	100.54	100.57	100.94	101.83	101.48	100.49	100.48	102.12
Li	7.64	20.92	5.83	16.04	14.23	13.23	9.89	13.09	17.64
P	1 705.8	803.2	833.0	797.8	1 260.0	1 771.2	1 557.4	2 184.0	1 186.0
K	4 892.0	5 278.0	2 600.0	1 974.6	1 858.0	6 328.0	2 238.0	5 764.0	10 394.0
Sc	47.60	51.36	52.56	50.52	42.14	44.44	39.20	47.26	40.58
Ti	17 332	11 336	11 844	9 532	20 080	20 560	18 662	20 960	12 826
V	461.8	462.6	484.2	406.6	502.8	454.0	361.8	472.8	400.2
Cr	70.02	97.62	95.32	147.50	60.28	21.30	93.28	35.26	95.24
Mn	2 364.0	1 787.0	2 206.0	1 465.6	1 397.8	1 983.4	1 310.2	2 396.0	2 154.0
Co	52.76	62.20	59.42	59.58	52.26	52.90	42.74	54.40	52.22
Ni	57.36	63.14	63.46	76.58	50.84	22.72	59.62	31.50	52.12
Cu	198.36	211.80	153.10	100.56	97.74	24.52	142.66	27.06	66.80
Zn	105.30	96.84	88.08	106.50	130.46	148.18	100.92	151.68	105.44
Ga	24.50	20.60	21.56	18.49	23.88	22.08	19.71	21.66	20.54
Rb	14.14	16.75	4.14	2.19	2.74	13.64	2.07	11.46	30.36
Sr	298.40	169.76	224.60	287.00	296.60	58.98	180.54	56.44	94.56
Y	42.96	32.08	34.20	33.06	34.02	77.44	35.54	66.92	44.44
Zr	167.34	93.86	100.44	93.32	178.88	255.40	178.08	247.60	144.64
Nb	38.70	16.11	17.70	7.40	23.74	36.00	25.60	39.64	19.37
Cs	0.37	0.97	0.12	0.17	0.30	0.83	0.17	0.86	2.81
Ba	110.46	119.92	51.76	19.28	34.78	96.20	20.06	74.10	191.94
La	19.01	10.32	10.50	6.43	15.42	19.00	15.87	20.80	11.24
Ce	43.24	23.76	23.80	15.23	37.98	45.96	38.08	50.52	26.48
Pr	5.54	3.16	3.16	2.25	5.13	6.24	5.08	6.61	3.58
Nd	23.54	14.21	14.19	10.89	22.90	28.34	22.42	29.44	16.15
Sm	5.89	4.05	4.01	3.52	6.12	8.03	5.94	8.06	4.49
Eu	2.01	1.48	1.46	1.21	2.08	2.51	1.97	2.48	1.49
Gd	6.93	5.01	5.05	4.80	6.99	10.61	6.73	10.14	5.79
Tb	1.16	0.85	0.87	0.87	1.11	1.90	1.09	1.71	1.08
Dy	7.44	5.49	5.64	5.71	6.47	12.47	6.59	10.85	7.18
Ho	1.56	1.17	1.19	1.21	1.23	2.64	1.29	2.27	1.52
Er	4.53	3.43	3.48	3.49	3.32	7.73	3.56	6.58	4.42
Tm	0.66	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.46	1.14	0.50	0.96	0.64
Yb	4.28	3.24	3.26	3.13	2.77	7.35	3.07	6.24	4.09
Lu	0.64	0.48	0.49	0.44	0.38	1.08	0.43	0.93	0.61
Hf	4.20	2.57	2.49	2.51	4.44	6.57	4.55	6.40	3.60
Ta	2.41	1.02	1.05	0.41	1.52	2.22	1.70	2.39	1.24
Pb	2.74	0.87	1.18	6.23	7.31	2.07	5.37	1.99	2.13
Th	1.82	0.99	0.97	0.82	1.56	2.06	1.88	2.48	1.12
U	0.57	0.24	0.24	0.47	0.43	0.73	0.73	0.84	0.45

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