Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Setting of Triassic Pyroxene Diorite-Porphyrite from the North Qiangtang Terrane: Geochronology, Mineral Petrogeochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope Constraints
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摘要: 尽管大量的研究发现青藏高原中部地区发育有三叠纪大规模岩浆活动，然而对于这些岩浆活动的成因机制以及深部动力学背景等问题的认识还存在很大的分歧.通过对青藏高原中部北羌塘地区三叠纪典型辉石闪长玢岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物化学、岩石地球化学与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究，深入剖析其岩石成因及动力学背景，进而为深入探究青藏高原中部三叠纪岩浆作用形成机理与有关板块构造演化过程提供重要的证据.通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法获得该岩浆岩的结晶年龄为227±2 Ma(MSWD=0.86).岩石样品在地球化学组成上相对富硅和铝，属于钙碱性系列.样品轻重稀土分异较强，轻稀土相对于重稀土显著富集，并且具有明显的Eu负异常.在微量元素组成上，样品相对于原始地幔要富集轻稀土以及Th、U，显著亏损Nb、Ta和Ti，整体表现出火山弧岩浆岩的特征.样品均具有相对较低的εNd(t)值(-4.53~-4.99)、比较集中ISr值(0.707 05~0.707 14)，以及正的εHf(t)值(+0.81~+2.48)，表明其岩浆源区很可能以富集的地幔组分为主.综合岩石学、地球化学与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等研究结果，确定该岩体的形成应该与受俯冲组分(例如沉积物)改造的的富集地幔的部分熔融有关.此外，结合区域上已有的多学科研究资料还可以证实北羌塘地区有关古特提斯洋的俯冲时间至少开始于227 Ma.Abstract: Although large volume of Triassic magmatism has been identified in the central Tibetan Plateau,the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of these igneous rocks are still poorly understood. In this paper,we carried out a detailed study of zircon U-Pb geochronology,petrology,and geochemisrty for the diorite porphyrite in North Qiangtang terrane,aiming to reveal its petrogenesis and constaint the exploration of the Triassic tectonic-magmatic evolution. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for this magmatic rock yields a crystallization age of 227±2 Ma (MSWD=0.86). All the samples have high contents of silicon and aluminum and belong to calc-alkaline series in composition. Compared with the primitive mantle,they exhibit enrichment of LREE,Th,and U,with depletion of Nb,Ta and Ti. All the samples have relatively low εNd(t) values (-4.53 to -4.99),relatively concentrated ISr values (0.707 05 to 0.707 14),and positive εHf(t) values (+0.81 to +2.48),suggesting an enriched mantle. Geochemical and isotopic variations reveal that the diorite-porphyrite was derived from partial melting of an enriched mantle that was previously modified by subduction-related components(e.g.,sediments). In addition,combined with the existing multi-disciplinary research data in the region,it could be concluded that the subduction of the Paleo-Tethyan ocean in the North Qiangtang terrane lasted at least to 227 Ma.
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Key words:
- Triassic /
- diorite-porphyrite /
- petrogenesis /
- Paleo-Tethyan Ocean /
- North Qiangtang terrane /
- petrology
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图 1 玉树南部闪长玢岩大地构造位置与岩体地质简图
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map and geological map for the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 2 玉树南部闪长玢岩野外露头(a)和正交偏光镜下照片(b)
Amp.角闪石；Opa.不透明金属矿物；Py.辉石；Pl.斜长石
Fig. 2. Field photographs (a) and photomicrographs (b) of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 3 玉树南部辉石闪长玢岩样品典型锆石的CL图像及U-Pb年龄谐和图
CL图中大圈和小圈分别代表锆石Lu-Hf同位素和U-Pb同位素测点
Fig. 3. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of zircon U-Pb data and representative cathodoluminescence (CL) images of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 4 玉树南部辉石闪长玢岩单斜辉石分类图解(a)及SiO2-Al2O3关系(b)
Fig. 4. Compositional characteristics of the pyroxene (a) and SiO2 -Al2O3 (b) digrams of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 5 玉树南部闪长玢岩Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y图解(a)和SiO-K2O图解(b)
底图据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)和Winchester and Floyd(1977)修改
Fig. 5. Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y (a) and SiO2-K2O (b) diagrams of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 6 玉树南部闪长玢岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)，北羌塘P-T弧岩浆岩数据据Yang et al.(2011)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle normalized trace element diagrams (b) of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 7 玉树南部闪长玢岩样品的εNd(t)-Isr图解
S型花岗岩和元古代片麻岩Sr-Nd同位素数据据Peng et al.(2014)和Tao et al.(2014);北羌塘二叠纪岩浆岩、南缘三叠纪岩浆岩以及北缘其他三叠纪岩浆岩的Sr-Nd同位素数据分别据Zhai et al.(2013)；Zhang et al.(2013)；Zhao et al.(2015)
Fig. 7. Plot of εNd(t)-Isr of the southern Yushu diorite- porphyrite
图 8 玉树南部闪长玢岩样品Hf同位素组成图解
北羌塘二叠纪-早三叠世弧岩浆岩的Hf同位素数据据Yang et al.(2011);北羌塘北缘其他三叠纪岩浆岩数据分别据Zhao et al.(2015)和刘彬等(2016);北羌塘南缘三叠纪岩浆岩数据据Peng et al.(2014)
Fig. 8. Plot of εHf(t)-zircon U-Pb ages (Ma) of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 9 玉树南部闪长玢岩样品Nb/La-Mg#(a)和Mg#-SiO2图解(b)
Fig. 9. Plots of Nb/La-Mg# (a) and Mg#-SiO2 (b) of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 10 玉树南部闪长玢岩Th/La-Th(a)和Th/Ce-Th/Sm关系图解(b)
a.据Plank(2005)
Fig. 10. Plots of Th/La-Th (a) and Th/Ce-Th/Sm (b) showing a significant linear relationship of the southern Yushu diorite-porphyrite
图 11 单斜辉石Al2O3-(TiO2+Cr2O3) (a)、TiO2-(SiO2/100)-Na2O (b)
据Barth and Gluhak(2009)和Moghadam et al.(2010). MORB.洋中脊玄武岩；BON.玻安岩；BABB.弧后盆地玄武岩；IAT.岛弧拉斑玄武岩
Fig. 11. Plot of Al2O3-(TiO2+Cr2O3) (a) and TiO2-(SiO2/100)-Na2O (b) for the Clinopyroxene
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