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    鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床铀矿物赋存状态及富集机理

    谢惠丽 焦养泉 刘章月 李西得 易超 荣辉 万璐璐

    谢惠丽, 焦养泉, 刘章月, 李西得, 易超, 荣辉, 万璐璐, 2020. 鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床铀矿物赋存状态及富集机理. 地球科学, 45(5): 1531-1543. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.164
    引用本文: 谢惠丽, 焦养泉, 刘章月, 李西得, 易超, 荣辉, 万璐璐, 2020. 鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床铀矿物赋存状态及富集机理. 地球科学, 45(5): 1531-1543. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.164
    Xie Huili, Jiao Yangquan, Liu Zhangyue, Li Xide, Yi Chao, Rong Hui, Wan Lulu, 2020. Occurrence and Enrichment Mechanism of Uranium Ore Minerals from Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposit, Northern Ordos Basin. Earth Science, 45(5): 1531-1543. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.164
    Citation: Xie Huili, Jiao Yangquan, Liu Zhangyue, Li Xide, Yi Chao, Rong Hui, Wan Lulu, 2020. Occurrence and Enrichment Mechanism of Uranium Ore Minerals from Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposit, Northern Ordos Basin. Earth Science, 45(5): 1531-1543. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.164

    鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床铀矿物赋存状态及富集机理

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.164
    基金项目: 

    国家科技部973计划项目 2015CB453004

    国防预研项目 3210402

    中核集团集中研发项目 地LTD1601-2

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      谢惠丽(1988-), 女, 博士, 工程师, 主要从事沉积学和铀矿地质学方面研究

    • 中图分类号: P611

    Occurrence and Enrichment Mechanism of Uranium Ore Minerals from Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposit, Northern Ordos Basin

    • 摘要: 为了进一步深化铀矿物的富集机理.利用α径迹放射性照相、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床中铀矿物的赋存状态进行了系统研究.发现该区铀矿物主要为铀石,少量沥青铀矿和含铀钛矿物.沉积-成岩期碎屑铀矿物赋存在碎屑颗粒内部,吸附在锐钛矿周围,为铀储层中预富集的铀.成矿期铀矿物大部分赋存在碎屑颗粒填隙部位,与黄铁矿、碳质碎屑相伴生,与石英颗粒及方解石胶结关系密切;部分吸附在包裹碎屑颗粒的蒙脱石薄膜上.另外发现了,沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-黄铁矿的矿物组合,以及硒铅矿(PbSe)和白硒铁矿(FeSe2)与铀矿物相伴生,并伴有REE含量明显升高.分析得出,沥青铀矿形成于成矿早期,氧化酸性流体与还原碱性流体的过渡界面,偏向于氧化酸性一侧;而铀石主要形成于成矿晚期的还原碱性环境.双重铀源供给、丰富的还原介质、多源流体的耦合,局部的热液流体叠加改造,共同造就了鄂尔多斯盆地北部大矿、富矿的形成.

       

    • 图  1  鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床区域地质概况

      a.鄂尔多斯盆地构造简图及研究区位置(罗静兰等,2007);1.太古界;2.下元古界;3.上元古界;4.正断层/逆断层;5.背斜;6.构造单元分界;7.盆地边界;8.研究区位置;b.鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床中侏罗统地层结构(焦养泉等,2005);c.研究区古层间氧化带剖面展布

      Fig.  1.  Regional geology profile of uranium deposit in northern Ordos basin

      图  2  研究区铀矿物中UO2与SiO2、CaO散点图

      a.铀矿物中UO2/SiO2散点图;b.铀矿物中UO2/CaO散点图

      Fig.  2.  Plots of UO2 vs. SiO2 and UO2 vs. CaO of uranium minerals in the study area

      图  3  研究区赋存在碎屑颗粒填隙部位铀矿物扫描电镜分析

      a.沥青铀矿(Pitch)与石英颗粒(Qtz)以及蒙脱石矿物(Mnt)相伴生,交代石英颗粒或充填在石英颗粒裂隙中,T79-0-a;b.沥青铀矿(Pitch)与石英颗粒(Qtz)及黄铁矿(Py)相伴生,部分石英颗粒遭受溶蚀,沥青铀矿与黄铁矿接触边缘有硒铅矿(PbSe)产出,T79-0-a;c.沥青铀矿(Pitch)与赤铁矿(Hem)及方解石胶结(Cal)相伴生,其中方解石交代长石(F)颗粒,T79-0-b;d.铀石(Coff)充填于胶状黄铁矿(Py)的孔洞中,T63-0-18;e.铀石(Coff)交代黄铁矿(Py)胶结物,与方解石胶结(Cal)关系密切,D192-31-13;f.铀石(Coff)与碳质碎屑(C)相伴生,与钛铁矿(Ilm)关系密切,且发现了分布于碎屑颗粒边缘的白硒铁矿(FeSe2),D32-63-2

      Fig.  3.  SEM analysis of uranium minerals filling in the intergranular pores in the study area

      图  4  研究区赋存在碎屑颗粒边缘铀矿物扫描电镜能谱分析

      a.铀石(Coff)赋存在钛铁矿(Ilm)、石英(Qtz)和长石(F)碎屑颗粒边缘呈镶边结构,与包裹碎屑颗粒的蒙脱石(Mnt)粘土矿物薄膜相伴生,D32-63-2;b.图a红色十字处能谱分析结果,该处矿物为含铀蒙脱石矿物

      Fig.  4.  Energy spectrum analysis by SEM of uranium minerals adsorbing on the debris particles in the study area

      图  5  研究区赋存在碎屑颗粒内部铀矿物电子探针及扫描电镜能谱分析

      a.铀石(Coff)赋存在岩屑颗粒内部,与锐钛矿(Ant)相伴生,岩屑颗粒边缘具有粘土矿物胶结的包圈层(Clay film),D192-31-16;b.图a方框处放大的二次电子图像,铀石矿物表面明显凹凸不平;c.含铀钛矿物(U-bearing TiO2)与锐钛矿(Ant)相伴生构成含铀碎屑颗粒,碎屑颗粒边缘具有粘土矿物胶结的包圈层(Clay film),D192-31-15;d.图c红色十字处能谱分析结果,该处矿物为含铀钛矿物

      Fig.  5.  EMP and SEM analysis of uranium minerals existing in the debris particles in the study area

      图  6  样品T111-15-3放射性照相及扫描电镜能谱分析

      a.锐钛矿(Ant),单偏光;b.图a对应的放射性照相,其α径迹呈稀疏均匀分布;c.图a中方框处放大的背散射图像;d.图c中红色十字处的能谱分析结果,锐钛矿中含微量铀

      Fig.  6.  Radiograph and energy spectrum analysis by SEM of sample T111-15-3

      图  7  研究区铀矿物及其伴生矿物组合的生成次序

      Fig.  7.  Paragenetic chart summarizing the relative timing of mineral assemblages in the study area

      图  8  鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床双重铀源供给成矿模式

      修改自焦养泉等(2015)

      Fig.  8.  Metallogenic model of dual uranium sources upply from uranium deposits in northern Ordos basin

      图  9  研究区含矿砂岩稀土元素配分模式

      Fig.  9.  Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of ore-bearing rocks in the study area

      表  1  研究区铀矿物岩石样品采集清单

      Table  1.   The sample list of U-bearing rocks in the study area

      序号 样品编号 钻孔名 深度(m) 岩性 层位
      1 T79-0-1 ZKT79-0 538.5 黑灰色,黑红色中粗砂岩,见黄铁矿 直罗组下段上亚段(J2z1-2
      2 D32-63-2 ZKD32-63 584.0 灰色细砂岩,见碳质碎屑 直罗组下段上亚段(J2z1-2
      3 D192-31-13 ZKD192-31 625.0 灰色中砂岩,钙质胶结 直罗组下段上亚段(J2z1-2
      4 D192-31-15 ZKD192-31 623.0 灰色细砂岩 直罗组下段上亚段(J2z1-2
      5 D192-31-16 ZKD192-31 619.2 灰色中砂岩 直罗组下段上亚段(J2z1-2
      6 T63-0-18 ZKT63-0 591.4 灰色粗砂岩,见黄铁矿 直罗组下段下亚段(J2z1-1
      7 T111-15-3 ZKT111-15 706.5 灰色粗砂岩 直罗组下段下亚段(J2z1-1
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  研究区铀矿物电子探针成分分析结果(%)

      Table  2.   Results of electron probe component analysis (%) for uranium minerals in the study area

      样品号 铀矿物 测点 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O UO2 总量
      T79-0-a 沥青铀矿 1 5.64 0 0 0.55 1.01 0 8.05 0.51 74.21 89.97
      2 9.10 0.16 2.63 1.16 0.99 0.40 9.49 0.41 64.10 88.43
      3 5.35 0.17 0 0.45 1.17 0 7.74 0.61 72.23 87.71
      4 5.08 0 0.31 0.97 1.02 0 9.66 0.62 71.81 89.47
      5 5.96 0 0.10 0.57 1.20 0 8.66 0.48 72.22 89.19
      6 4.74 0.20 0 0.96 1.24 0 9.14 0.74 72.99 90.01
      T79-0-b 沥青铀矿 1 7.37 0.31 0.52 0.73 0.66 0 8.68 0.14 67.04 85.47
      2 7.31 0.23 0.56 0.48 0.11 0 8.51 0.78 65.62 83.61
      3 5.33 0 0.17 1.55 0.06 0.01 7.88 1.03 65.33 81.36
      D32-63-2 铀石 1 23.19 1.44 1.12 0.05 0 0.24 3.12 0 46.85 76.01
      2 19.91 0.27 0.46 0.09 0 0 3.50 0.22 48.68 73.12
      3 23.13 0 0.62 0 0 0 4.23 0.57 48.56 77.11
      D192-31-13 铀石 1 26.60 0 1.56 1.85 0 0 0.89 0 45.05 76.89
      2 20.40 0 1.08 1.58 0 0 1.83 0 44.86 69.75
      3 26.56 0 1.70 1.98 0 0 1.34 0 45.52 77.10
      4 26.87 0.57 1.85 0.14 0 0 1.87 0 45.58 76.89
      T63-0-18 铀石 1 24.55 0.25 1.52 0 0 0 1.19 0 44.48 71.98
      2 21.13 0.25 1.48 0.77 0.04 0 2.33 0 48.47 74.47
      3 20.73 0 1.30 0.39 0 0 2.13 0 45.39 69.94
      4 24.58 0.15 1.40 0.69 0 0 1.54 0 47.02 75.39
      D192-31-16 铀石 1 26.03 0.16 1.37 0 0 0 1.74 0.07 48.81 78.17
      2 25.64 1.15 1.24 0.15 0 0 2.09 0 46.92 77.19
      3 30.13 2.23 1.71 0.36 0 0 1.79 0.48 36.18 72.87
      D192-31-15 含铀钛矿物 1 4.47 59.23 1.23 4.25 0 0.19 2.14 0.09 11.41 83.01
      2 4.80 56.71 2.03 4.41 0 0.34 1.69 0.39 8.62 78.99
      3 5.89 59.40 2.16 4.64 0 0.44 1.68 0.41 8.09 82.71
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  研究区含矿砂岩稀土元素含量(10-6

      Table  3.   Rare earth elements concentrations (10-6) of ore-bearing rocks in the study area

      样品编号元素含量 T79-0 D32-63-2 D192-31-13 D192-31-15 D192-31-16 T63-0-18 T111-15-3
      La 269.10 65.75 27.06 35.52 22.71 27.14 27.66
      Ce 185.60 268.90 48.97 64.18 38.92 47.32 51.34
      Pr 8.42 21.53 5.95 6.99 5.61 5.12 5.55
      Nd 21.92 51.65 22.26 22.32 21.59 17.04 18.34
      Sm 3.04 7.49 5.61 3.32 4.24 3.07 2.93
      Eu 0.86 1.87 1.80 0.72 1.19 0.82 0.62
      Gd 3.35 7.39 5.87 2.21 3.26 2.45 2.09
      Tb 0.38 1.12 0.95 0.31 0.45 0.39 0.30
      Dy 2.09 6.57 5.42 1.64 2.39 2.31 1.66
      Ho 0.42 1.32 1.06 0.30 0.46 0.43 0.32
      Er 1.22 3.85 2.73 0.84 1.26 1.24 0.93
      Tm 0.21 0.65 0.40 0.15 0.20 0.21 0.16
      Yb 1.27 4.04 2.27 0.99 1.27 1.29 1.06
      Lu 0.20 0.59 0.33 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.16
      ∑REE 498.08 442.71 130.68 139.62 103.74 109.03 113.12
      ∑LREE 488.95 417.19 111.64 133.04 94.26 100.51 106.44
      ∑HREE 9.13 25.53 19.03 6.58 9.48 8.52 6.68
      ∑LREE/∑HREE 53.55 16.34 5.87 20.22 9.94 11.80 15.93
      δEu 0.82 0.76 0.95 0.76 0.94 0.89 0.73
      δCe 0.50 1.74 0.91 0.94 0.82 0.92 0.96
      下载: 导出CSV
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