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    雪峰隆起西缘湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩含气性特征及控制因素

    苗凤彬 彭中勤 王传尚 岳勇 汪宗欣

    苗凤彬, 彭中勤, 王传尚, 岳勇, 汪宗欣, 2019. 雪峰隆起西缘湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩含气性特征及控制因素. 地球科学, 44(11): 3662-3677. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.167
    引用本文: 苗凤彬, 彭中勤, 王传尚, 岳勇, 汪宗欣, 2019. 雪峰隆起西缘湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩含气性特征及控制因素. 地球科学, 44(11): 3662-3677. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.167
    Miao Fengbin, Peng Zhongqin, Wang Chuanshang, Yue Yong, Wang Zongxin, 2019. Gas-Bearing Capacity and Controlling Factors of Niutitang Formation Shale in Well XZD-1, Western Margin of Xuefeng Uplift. Earth Science, 44(11): 3662-3677. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.167
    Citation: Miao Fengbin, Peng Zhongqin, Wang Chuanshang, Yue Yong, Wang Zongxin, 2019. Gas-Bearing Capacity and Controlling Factors of Niutitang Formation Shale in Well XZD-1, Western Margin of Xuefeng Uplift. Earth Science, 44(11): 3662-3677. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.167

    雪峰隆起西缘湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩含气性特征及控制因素

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.167
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160179

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20190109

    国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05034001-002

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      苗凤彬(1986-), 男, 工程师, 从事储层评价与页岩气地质调查研究

    • 中图分类号: P618

    Gas-Bearing Capacity and Controlling Factors of Niutitang Formation Shale in Well XZD-1, Western Margin of Xuefeng Uplift

    • 摘要: 雪峰隆起周缘是四川盆地外围页岩气勘探的重要区域,下寒武统牛蹄塘组为该区主要的页岩气层位,为深入研究页岩含气性特征,以隆起西缘湘张地1井钻井资料为基础,借助现场含气测试数据,对页岩纵向含气性进行精细描述,并以此探讨牛蹄塘组页岩气分布规律与控制因素.湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩气整体呈上低下高、局部富集的分布规律,受有机质含量、矿物组分、孔隙与裂缝、物性、滑脱构造等因素共同控制.下部页岩有机质和脆性矿物含量高、裂缝与孔隙较发育,气体吸附的比表面积主要由有机质孔隙提供,脆性矿物有利于孔缝的形成与保存,裂缝与孔隙的发育有效改善了储层物性,为游离气提供大量储集空间,配合存在的滑脱构造带,使下部总含气量较高,且以游离气为主,占比58%~82%,尤其底部滑脱带内吸附气含量极低,孔缝发育程度对总含气量的影响大于有机质含量,同时,孔缝分布的不均也导致气体在局部较为富集;上部页岩孔缝欠发育,有机质与脆性矿物含量均低于下部,整体含气性较差,吸附气占比略大,主要受有机质含量控制,可作为下部含气段直接有效的盖层.此外,下部页岩岩石力学脆性强、成岩作用晚、热演化程度高、抗压强度与主应力差低,具备较强的可压裂性,有利于后期改造.

       

    • 图  1  湘张地1井地区地质特征及钻井地层柱状图

      a.地质图;b.柱状图;c.地震剖面图

      Fig.  1.  Geological characteristics and formation histogram of Well XZD-1

      图  2  牛蹄塘组1~5段样品解析气含量与TOC关系

      Fig.  2.  Relationship between gas content and TOC of samples in Sections 1‒5

      图  3  牛蹄塘组页岩有机质孔隙特征

      a. 1 950.2 m,沥青质体表面球粒孔;b. 1 965.5 m,有机质内纳米级孔隙;c. 1 895.2 m,条带状有机质内部裂隙;d.1 937.1 m,有机质与矿物接触边缘裂隙

      Fig.  3.  Organic pore of Niutitang Formation shale

      图  4  牛蹄塘组页岩比表面积与TOC及黏土矿物含量关系

      Fig.  4.  Relationship between specific surface area of Niutitang Formation shale and TOC, clay mineral content

      图  5  页岩矿物组分三角图

      Fig.  5.  Ternary diagram of mineral compositions of shale

      图  6  牛蹄塘组页岩孔隙与裂缝特征

      a.沥青质体与自生石英交互共生,球粒孔,1 905.5 m;b.挤压碎裂形成的粒间孔,1 974.6 m;c.矿物定向排列形成顺层裂缝;d.层间裂隙,1 905.5 m;e.岩心裂缝(蓝色箭头所示为层理缝,红色箭头所示为高角度构造缝);f.薄片裂缝,1 950.2 m

      Fig.  6.  Pore and fracture characteristics of Niutitang Formation shale

      图  7  牛蹄塘组页岩构造裂缝倾角分布

      Fig.  7.  Dip distribution of structural fractures of Niutitang Formation shale

      图  8  牛蹄塘组页岩含气量与孔隙度关系

      Fig.  8.  Relationship between gas content and porosity of Niutitang Formation shale

      图  9  牛蹄塘组页岩孔隙度与矿物组分含量及TOC关系

      Fig.  9.  Relation between porosity, mineral component content, and TOC of Niutitang Formation shale

      图  10  牛蹄塘组滑脱带及灯影组云岩溶蚀孔缝

      a. 1 982.4~1 994.5 m滑脱带内岩心沿滑动面或缝面断开;b. 1 990.0 m,滑动面上的镜面现象;c. 1 993.9 m,电镜观察下的擦痕,糜棱质d.2 004.4 m,云岩中溶蚀孔缝

      Fig.  10.  Decollement structure of Niutitang Formation and dissolution pore and fracture in dolomite of Dengying Formation

      图  11  牛蹄塘组下部与灯影组录井气测值分布

      Fig.  11.  Distribution of logging gas measurements in Niutitang Formation and Dengying Formation

      图  12  湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩总含气量、吸附气量与TOC关系

      Fig.  12.  Relation between total gas content, adsorbed gas content and TOC of Niutitang Formation shale in Well XZD-1

      图  13  湘张地1井地区牛蹄塘组页岩气纵向分布模式

      Fig.  13.  Vertical distribution pattern of Niutitang Formation shale gas in Well XZD-1

      图  14  牛蹄塘组页岩基于矿物组分的脆性指数分布

      Fig.  14.  Brittleness index distribution of Niutitang Formation shale based on mineral composition

      表  1  湘张地1井牛蹄塘组分段特征

      Table  1.   Stratigraphic segmentation of Niutitang Formation in Well XZD-1

      分段 顶底深度
      (m)
      岩性 TOC
      (%)
      气测全烃
      (%)
      解析气含量
      (m3·t-1
      损失气含量
      (m3·t-1
      6段 1 792.8~1 807 灰黑色碳质页岩,局部含粉砂 1.19 0.33~1.45/0.86 解析气偏低 偏低
      5段 1 807~1 890 黑色碳质页岩 1.46~3.15/2.20 0.56~7.02/1.73 0.01~0.08/0.04 0.01~0.08/0.03
      4段 1 890~1 905 黑色碳质页岩,局部为含钙质碳质页岩 2.26 0.84~2.63/1.29 0.03~0.11/0.07 0.03~0.11/0.07
      3段 1 905~1 964.1 黑色碳质页岩夹少量泥质灰岩薄层 4.35~10.50/6.08 0.56~4.03/1.26 0.12~1.59/0.68 0.18~0.95/0.54
      2段 1 964.1~1 982.4 黑色碳质页岩夹薄层泥质灰岩,含硅磷钙质结核 6.16~10.3/8.60 0.80~2.14/1.24 0.35~0.55/0.45 0.43~0.70/0.57
      1段 1 982.4~1 998 黑色碳质页岩、硅质页岩、云质页岩夹少量泥质灰岩 4.35~4.84/4.53 1.37~3.75/1.97 解析气偏低 无法测算
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  牛蹄塘组不同段页岩等温吸附数据

      Table  2.   Isothermal adsorption experimental data of shale at different depths of Niutitang Formation

      样品深度
      (m)
      分段 Langmuir体积
      (cm3·g-1
      Langmuir压力
      (MPa)
      BET比表面积
      (m2·g-1
      黏土矿物含量
      (%)
      TOC
      (%)
      1 895.2 4 1.53 2.04 12.627 28.4 2.26
      1 937.1 3 3.38 2.31 17.632 21.2 5.24
      1 965.5 2 3.51 1.29 18.552 10.4 9.08
      1 981.2 2 3.77 1.37 13.853 10.5 6.16
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  牛蹄塘组页岩第3段含气量、孔隙度与裂缝关系

      Table  3.   Relationship between gas content, porosity and fracture development of Niutitang Formation shale in the Section 3

      样品深度
      (m)
      孔隙度
      (%)
      总含气量
      (m3·t-1
      解析气量
      (m3·t-1
      裂缝统计
      1 905.5 2.28 0.941 0.491 裂缝不发育带
      1 929.7 2.10 0.800 0.370 裂缝不发育带
      1 933.9 - 1.092 0.542 裂缝发育带
      1 937.1 4.48 2.294 1.594 裂缝发育带
      1 940.6 - 0.304 0.124 裂缝不发育带
      1 943.1 2.19 1.002 0.522 裂缝发育带
      1 948.0 - 1.159 0.569 裂缝发育带
      1 950.2 3.78 2.141 1.191 裂缝发育带
      注:“-”表示无测试数据.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  岩石单轴压缩实验力学参数

      Table  4.   Mechanical parameters of rock uniaxial compression test

      样品深度
      (m)
      所属层位 抗压强度
      (MPa)
      杨氏模量
      (GPa)
      泊松比
      1 440.9 中寒武统 251.7 31.9 0.20
      1 720.9 杷榔组 205.3 37.2 0.19
      1 813.1 牛蹄塘组6段 108.4 28.0 0.20
      1 937.1 牛蹄塘组3段 169.7 23.0 0.14
      1 950.2 牛蹄塘组3段 115.2 24.2 0.20
      1 981.2 牛蹄塘组2段 178.8 24.0 0.17
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2019-09-08
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