鄂西宜昌下寒武统水井沱组页岩气聚集条件与含气特征

罗胜元; 陈孝红; 李海; 刘安; 王传尚

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.179

鄂西宜昌下寒武统水井沱组页岩气聚集条件与含气特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.179

中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心, 湖北武汉 430205

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05034001-002

中国地质调查局项目 DD20179615

详细信息

作者简介:
罗胜元(1986-), 男, 工程师, 博士, 从事页岩气、油气地质调查与研究工作

中图分类号: P618
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-15

Shale Gas Accumulation Conditions and Target Optimization of Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation in Yichang Area, West Hubei

Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China

摘要

摘要: 鄂西宜昌下寒武统水井沱组页岩具有良好的气体显示，页岩气成藏条件研究薄弱.利用最新钻探的井下资料、周边露头地质调查资料及大量样品的分析测试结果，从富有机质页岩区域展布、地球化学特征、岩石储集特征、含气性、保存条件等方面研究鄂西宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩气聚集条件.研究区水井沱组形成于陆棚-斜坡相带，厚度为50~140 m.有机碳含量高（TOC值为0.43%~10.45%，平均值达2.65%），TOC大于2%的优质页岩有效厚度为28~41 m，有机质热成熟度为2.4%~3.2%，处于高演化阶段.页岩脆性矿物含量高，石英含量平均值为29.33%，碳酸盐含量平均值为25.94%，黏土矿物含量平均值为35.06%，且以伊/蒙间层为主.水井沱组富有机质页岩孔隙度为0.96%~3.32%，平均值为2.08%，页岩渗透率为0.01×10^-3~3.05×10^-3 μm².氩离子抛光电镜与吸附测试表明，页岩孔隙发育具有成因类型多、孔径尺度小的特点，有机孔孔径主要集中在10~50 nm范围内.水井沱组页岩气层顶、底板条件良好，区域构造稳定、断裂不发育，页岩气保存条件优越.钻井过程中水井沱组气显频繁，解析含气量为0.31~5.48 m³/t，连续含气量大于2 m³/t的累计厚度达44.05 m.水井沱组水平井压裂获工业气流，页岩气组分中CH₄含量为87.17%~92.75%，C₂H₆为0.83%~0.94%，N₂为5.86%~9.37%，CO₂为0.05%~2.25%.总体上宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩气成藏条件较好，是四川盆地外页岩气新的勘探区.
- 宜昌地区 /
- 下寒武统 /
- 水井沱组 /
- 页岩气 /
- 页岩储层 /
- 成藏条件 /
- 油气地质
Abstract: Good gas shows in the Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation indicate the resources potential in Middle Yangtze region. The weakness of basic research on the shale gas accumulation constrains gas exploration and development in this area. In this paper,it focuses on the geological characteristics of Shuijingtuo shale gas in Yichang area by integrating geological and geochemical data from latest exploration well and outcrop. The gas potential is discussed based on preliminary evaluation of lithofacies,geochemical characteristics,reservoir features,and shale gas content. These organic-rich intervals are concentrated along and between continental shelf and slope. Thermally mature strata of the Shuijingtuo shale attain thickness between 28 and 41 m,with a total organic carbon (TOC) exceeding 2%. Organic matter within Shuijingtuo shale is high,which contains an average of 2.65% TOC,with present-day thermal maturity between 2.4% and 3.2% equivalent vitrinite reflectance (R_o),which is in the high mature of dry thermogenic gases dominated stage. The Shuijingtuo shale is noted for having generally high silica content. Mineral composition of shale consists of 29.33% quartz,25.94% carbonatite calcite/dolomite,35.06% clay minerals. Illite smectite mixed layer is the major clay mineral. The gas shale reservoir has an extremely low porosity and permeability. Porosity ranges from 0.96% to 3.22%,with an average value of 2.08% at the bottom of Shuijingtuo Formation. The effective permeability in gas shale is (0.01-3.05)×10^-3 μm². Through scanning electron microscope observation and isothermal adsorption,pores in shale also show multiple genetic types and small size of multi-pore diameter. Fractal dimensions of the organic pores vary from 10 to 50 nm. Overlying formations and underlying strata are favorable for shale gas preserved. The tectonic stress field is regionally very stable and short of fault activity,which all indicates favorable preservation conditions for Shuijingtuo shale gas in gentle slope of Yichang area. Measurement of total hydrocarbon and methane through mud logging indicates anomaly. The measured gas content of the Shuijingtuo shale in Well Yiye-1 ranges between 0.31 to 5.48 m³/t. Thermally mature strata of the Shuijingtuo Formation attain thickness of 44.05 m,with a continuous gas content exceeding 2 m³/t. Well Yiye-1 tested an industrial gas flow after horizontal well fractured. Methane is the main constituent of gas sample and varies in concentration from 81.17% to 92.75%. Ethane ranges from 0.83% to 0.94%,nitrogen in non-hydrocarbon gas ranges from 5.86% to 9.37%,and carbon dioxide ranges from 0.05% to 2.25%. It is concluded that it could be the favorable area for shale gas accumulation in the Middle Yangtze region,and it's a new area for shale gas exploration outside Sichuan basin.
- Yichang area /
- Lower Cambrian /
- Shuijingtuo Formation /
- shale gas /
- shale reservoir /
- accumulation condition /
- petroleum geology

HTML全文

图 1 宜昌地区水井沱组页岩气地质背景

a.鄂西宜昌地区构造纲要及周缘地质图；b.寒武系底界构造等值线图；c.宜页1井柱状图

Fig. 1. Geological background of Shuijingtuo shale gas in Yichang area

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图 2 宜昌地区北东向(2017HY-Z3和Z6)地震剖面A-B

测线位置见图 1

Fig. 2. Interpretation of the NE trend seismic profile in Yichang slope area

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图 3 早寒武世水井沱组页岩厚度和EW向沉积剖面

a.宜昌地区水井沱组近EW向连井剖面；b.水井沱组沉积相与黑色页岩厚度分布；c.近EW向沉积剖面; 据翟刚毅等(2017b)和陈孝红等(2018)修改

Fig. 3. Early Cambrian Shuijingtuo shale thickness and east-west sedimentary section

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图 4 宜页1井水井沦组地层综合评价图

Fig. 4. Generalized comprehensive evaluation of Shuijingtuo Formation of Well Yiye-1

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图 5 宜昌地区水井沱组有机碳含量平面分布(a)与有机质热演化程度平面分布(b)

Fig. 5. Contour map of organic carbon content (a) and thermal maturity (b) of Shuijingtuo shale

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图 6 研究区水井沱组页岩与典型产气页岩矿物组成对比

a.全岩矿物；b.黏土矿物

Fig. 6. Ternary diagrams of shale mineralogy showing the comparison between Shuijingtuo shale and typical shale in the world

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图 7 宜地2井页岩电镜下孔隙特征

a~l.氩离子抛光扫描电镜照片；m~o.扫描电镜照片；其中: a~f.有机质椭球状纳米级孔隙；g~h.洞穴状有机质孔隙相互连通；i.黄铁矿晶粒间孔隙；j~k.无机孔；l.微裂缝；m.1 864.72 m，方解石晶间缝及粒内溶孔；n.1 849.60 m，伊利石顺层分布，见层间裂缝；o.1 858.50 m，有机质(沥青质体)与自生伊利石共生

Fig. 7. Additional examples of micropore structure of shale in Well Yidi-2

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图 8 宜页1井水井沱组页岩孔隙分布特征

a.低温N₂吸附-脱附曲线；b.CO₂~N₂吸附法联测孔径与孔体积占比分布曲线

Fig. 8. Pore distribution characteristics of Shuijingtuo shale in Well Yiye-1

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图 9 宜昌地区地震构造剖面

①宜都-随州地震地质解释大剖面；②2015ZG-L0地震地质解释图，据文献(邓铭哲等，2018)；③当阳复向斜DY2014-1西段北东向地震解释图，据文献(邓铭哲和何登发，2018)；剖面位置见图 1

Fig. 9. Interpretation of the seismic profile around Yichang slope area indicating the stability of regional tectonic

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表 1 宜昌地区典型井页岩参数对比

Table 1. Parameters of comparison between typical wells in study area

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表 2 宜页1井水井沱组CO₂和N₂等温吸附孔隙体积与比表面积数据

Table 2. Main pore structure parameters measured by low pressure gas (CO₂ and N₂) adsorption

	样品深度(m)	1 809.00	1 827.00	1 843.50	1 854.50	1 859.00	1 870.58
CO₂吸附	DFT孔隙体积(cm³/g ×10^-²)	0.20	0.40	0.40	0.20	0.40	0.30
	DFT比表面积(m²/g)	7.59	11.97	11.37	5.93	12.78	10.40
	DFT微孔孔体积(cm³/g ×10^-²)	0.25	0.39	0.38	0.24	0.49	0.43
N₂吸附	BJH介孔孔体积(cm³/g ×10^-²)	0.74	1.17	1.09	0.52	1.24	0.93
	BJH介孔比表面积(m²/g)	2.48	4.57	4.04	1.69	4.67	4.08
	BJH大孔孔体积(cm³/g ×10^-²)	0.98	1.13	1.47	0.78	2.46	0.78
	BJH大孔比表面积(m²/g)	0.36	0.44	0.51	0.29	0.81	0.28

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表 3 宜页1井水井沱组页岩气组分数据

Table 3. Analysis results of gas component of shale gas in Shuijingtuo Formation of Well Yiye-1

气样编号	气体组分(%)
气样编号	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	He	N₂	Ar	CO₂
G1	91.17	0.94	0.03	0.19	6.90	0.08	0.70
G3	90.60	0.94	0.03	0.11	7.13	0.07	1.12
G4	87.17	0.87	0.03	0.20	9.36	0.13	2.25
G6	90.52	0.86	0.02	0.20	7.43	0.08	0.90
G7	90.78	0.86	0.02	0.01	7.31	0.06	0.96
G10	89.61	0.86	0.02	0.02	8.13	0.09	1.27
QJ-024	88.02	0.83	0.02	0.20	9.37	0.04	0.85
QJ-036	89.23	0.88	0.03	0.20	8.11	0.05	0.80
QJ-051	92.75	0.89	0.04	0.31	5.86	0.11	0.05
注：气体组分采用气相色谱仪测定，测试精度2%.其中G系列由中国科学院兰州地质研究所气体地球化学重点实验室完成，QJ系列由江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院石油地质测试中心完成.

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