Maturity Evaluation of Marine Shale in the Lower Paleozoic in South China
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摘要: 为明确适用于南方下古生界海相页岩成熟度评价的沥青反射率与镜质体反射率等效换算关系，利用初始成熟度接近的洪水庄组海相页岩及龙潭组煤样在350~525℃温度范围开展了系列共置热压模拟实验，通过测定各温度下页岩中的沥青与煤中的镜质体反射率的演化规律，建立了两者之间的等效换算关系，并利用模拟样品和实际剖面样品开展了方法验证.结果表明两者满足以下关系：VRo（等效镜质体反射率）=0.879 8Rb（沥青反射率）+0.114 5（适用范围：VRo 0.61%~3.04%），本次建立的沥青反射率回归公式可以为准确评价缺乏镜质体的高演化海相页岩地层的成熟度判定提供重要参考.Abstract: In order to clarify the equivalent conversion relationship between bitumen reflectance and vitrinite reflectance for evaluating the maturity of marine shale in the Lower Paleozoic in South China, a series of hydrocarbon generation simulation experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 350-525℃ using a shale from Hongshuizhuang Formation and a coal sample from Longtan Formation with similar maturity. An equivalent conversion relationship was established by measuring the reflectivity of bitumen from shale and vitrinite from coal at each temperature point, and also the accuracy of the method using the simulated sample and outcrop sample is validated. The result shows that they follow this relationship:VRo (equivalent vitrinite reflectance)=0.879 8Rb (bitumen reflectance) + 0.114 5 (VRo 0.61%-3.04%). The regression formula of bitumen reflectance can provide an important reference for accurately evaluating the maturity of marine shale strata without vitrinite in the South China.
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Key words:
- marine shale /
- maturity /
- bitumen reflectance /
- simulation experiment /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 显微镜下观测照片（油浸，反射光，×50）
a.大坡上样品中的沥青；b.矿山梁样品中的镜质体. V.镜质体；am.腐泥无定形；lmoxi.受到氧化的层状藻类体；A.藻类体；B.沥青
Fig. 1. Photographs under the microscope (oil immersion, reflected light, ×50)
图 2 模拟样品反射率与模拟温度关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between reflectance and temperature of simulation experiment
图 3 模拟样品沥青反射率与镜质体反射率关系
Fig. 3. Relationship between bitumen reflectance and vitrinite reflectance of simulated samples
图 4 模拟样品沥青反射率与镜质体反射率关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between bitumen reflectance and vitrinite reflectance of simulated samples
图 5 剖面样品沥青反射率与镜质体反射率关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between bitumen reflectance and vitrinite reflectance of outcrop samples
表 1 模拟样品原始有机地球化学参数
Table 1. Original organic geochemical parameters of experimental samples
样品编号 反射率（%） 可溶烃S1(mg/g) 热解烃S2(mg/g) Tmax（℃） TOC（%） 干酪根类型 KSL-M 0.61（Ro） 5.03 103.14 447 31.75 Ⅲ DPS 0.58（Rb） 1.39 16.21 446 6.49 Ⅱ 注：Ro代表镜质体反射率；Rb代表沥青反射率. 
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表 2 模拟实验样品反射率测试结果
Table 2. Reflectance results of the samples from simulated experiment
样品 样品编号 模拟温度
（℃）反射率
（%）测试对象 大坡上 DPS-原 - 0.58 沥青 DPS-350 350 1.09 沥青 DPS-400 400 1.61 沥青 DPS-450 450 2.46 沥青 DPS-475 475 2.70 沥青 DPS-525 525 3.18 沥青 矿山梁 KSL-原 - 0.61 镜质体 KSL-350 350 1.18 镜质体 KSL-400 400 1.50 镜质体 KSL-450 450 2.09 镜质体 KSL-500 500 2.51 镜质体 KSL-525 525 3.04 镜质体 注：DPS编号代表大坡上页岩；KSL编号代表矿山梁煤样.
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表 3 文献报道的沥青反射率等效换算公式
Table 3. Equivalent conversion equations of bitumen reflectance in references
文献 样品来源 公式 数据范围 Schoenherr et al.（2007） 结合Landis and Castaño（1995）与Jacob（1989）的数据，但因为Landis数据较多，所以主要呈现Landis数据的规律 VRo=(Rb+0.244 3)/1.049 5 VRo＜5.0% Riediger（1993） 西加盆地实际样品沥青反射率与成熟度梯度外推镜质体反射率 VRo=0.277Rb+0.57 VRo＜0.96% Landis and Castaño（1995） 数据来源于加拿大和美国不同地区的实际样品 VRo=(Rb+0.41)/1.09 VRo＜5.0% Jacob（1989） 数据来源于德国和其他国家的实际样品 VRo=0.618Rb+0.4 VRo＜2.0% 丰国秀和陈盛吉（1988） 四川盆地实际样品和油页岩热模拟样品 VRo=0.679Rb+0.319 5 VRo＜3.5% Bertrand and Malo(2012) 数据来源于加拿大实际地质样品 VRo=0.811 3Rb1.243 8 VRo=1.250Rb0.904 Schmidt et al.(2019) 数据来源于对众多学者数据的统计 VRo=0.938Rb+0.314 5 VRo＜5.4% 注：VRo表示等效镜状体反射率.
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表 4 不同公式拟合计算的反射率数据统计
Table 4. Equivalent reflectance data calculated by different formulas
实测煤样镜质体反射率（%） 沥青等效镜质体反射率（%） Schoenherr et al.（2007） Riediger（1993） 本次 丰国秀和陈盛吉（1988） Landis and Castaño（1995） Jacob（1989） Bertrand and Malo(2012) Schmidt et al.(2019) 0.61 0.79 0.73 0.62 0.71 0.91 0.76 0.41 0.86 1.18 1.27 0.87 1.07 1.06 1.38 1.07 0.90 1.34 1.50 1.77 1.02 1.53 1.41 1.85 1.39 1.47 1.82 2.09 2.58 1.25 2.28 1.99 2.63 1.92 2.49 2.62 3.04 3.26 1.45 2.91 2.48 3.29 2.37 3.42 3.30
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表 5 不同公式拟合计算的四川盆地样品反射率数据统计
Table 5. Equivalent reflectance data of Sichuan basin calculated by different formulas
实测镜质体反射率（%） 等效镜质体反射率（%） Schoenherr et al.（2007） Riediger（1993） 本次 丰国秀和陈盛吉（1988） Landis and Castaño（1995） Jacob（1989） Bertrand and Malo(2012) Schmidt et al.(2019) 0.82 0.97 0.78 0.80 0.85 1.09 0.88 0.59 1.04 0.67 0.82 0.74 0.66 0.74 0.94 0.78 0.45 0.90 0.58 0.77 0.73 0.61 0.71 0.90 0.75 0.40 0.85 2.31 2.95 1.36 2.62 2.25 2.99 2.16 2.98 2.99 2.26 2.93 1.35 2.60 2.24 2.97 2.15 2.96 2.97 2.96 3.49 1.52 3.12 2.64 3.51 2.51 3.74 3.52 3.02 3.40 1.49 3.04 2.57 3.42 2.45 3.61 3.43 2.77 3.21 1.44 2.87 2.44 3.25 2.33 3.35 3.25 2.25 2.89 1.34 2.57 2.22 2.94 2.13 2.91 2.93 1.54 1.87 1.05 1.62 1.48 1.95 1.46 1.59 1.92 2.29 2.73 1.30 2.42 2.10 2.78 2.02 2.69 2.77 1.65 2.08 1.11 1.82 1.63 2.15 1.60 1.85 2.13 1.96 2.34 1.18 2.06 1.82 2.40 1.77 2.18 2.39 2.17 2.55 1.24 2.26 1.97 2.61 1.90 2.45 2.60 1.88 2.13 1.12 1.87 1.67 2.20 1.63 1.91 2.18
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