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    歧口凹陷热液流体活动及其对储集层的改造

    侯中帅 周立宏 金凤鸣 陈世悦 蒲秀刚 鄢继华 李宏军

    侯中帅, 周立宏, 金凤鸣, 陈世悦, 蒲秀刚, 鄢继华, 李宏军, 2021. 歧口凹陷热液流体活动及其对储集层的改造. 地球科学, 46(1): 200-214. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.282
    引用本文: 侯中帅, 周立宏, 金凤鸣, 陈世悦, 蒲秀刚, 鄢继华, 李宏军, 2021. 歧口凹陷热液流体活动及其对储集层的改造. 地球科学, 46(1): 200-214. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.282
    Hou Zhongshuai, Zhou Lihong, Jin Fengming, Chen Shiyue, Pu Xiugang, Yan Jihua, Li Hongjun, 2021. Hydrothermal Fluid Activity and Its Reformation on Reservoirs in Qikou Depression. Earth Science, 46(1): 200-214. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.282
    Citation: Hou Zhongshuai, Zhou Lihong, Jin Fengming, Chen Shiyue, Pu Xiugang, Yan Jihua, Li Hongjun, 2021. Hydrothermal Fluid Activity and Its Reformation on Reservoirs in Qikou Depression. Earth Science, 46(1): 200-214. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.282

    歧口凹陷热液流体活动及其对储集层的改造

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.282
    基金项目: 

    国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05006-007

    中石化胜利油田分公司科技项目 YKK1910

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      侯中帅(1990-), 男, 助理研究员, 从事沉积学及储层地层学方面的研究.ORCID:0000-0003-2887-3420.E-mail:hzsxdz@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      陈世悦, E-mail:chenshiyue@vip.sina.com

    • 中图分类号: P168.130

    Hydrothermal Fluid Activity and Its Reformation on Reservoirs in Qikou Depression

    • 摘要: 为了明确富油气凹陷中热液流体活动的发育特征及其对储集层的改造作用,以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷为研究对象,通过岩心、薄片、XRF元素扫描、扫描电镜观察和地层水矿化度、热解、包裹体均一温度、黏土矿物、微量元素、稀土元素、常规物性等资料,分析了歧口凹陷热液流体活动发育的证据,明确其对不同类型储层的改造方式,认为歧口凹陷中热液流体活动较为发育,对于储集层有较强的改造作用.研究结果表明:歧口凹陷中热液流体活动发育的标志包括热液角砾岩、斑马状结构、褪色泥岩和多种类型的热液矿物组合;地层水矿化度异常高;具有异常高TmaxS1S2值的泥岩;包裹体均一化温度超过正常热演化最高温度;浅层砂岩中高岭石质量分数异常高和中深层砂岩中绿泥石质量分数的异常高值;泥岩中Zn、Cd、Ba和Pb等微量元素出现异常高值;碳酸盐岩的稀土元素具有Eu正异常.不同类型储层中热液流体的改造方式具有差异性,碳酸盐岩中主要发育水力压裂作用和溶蚀作用,凝灰岩中主要发育水力压裂作用和促进脱玻化作用,玄武岩中主要发育水力压裂作用,热液流体通过溶蚀作用和促进绿泥石的发育来对砂岩储层进行改造.

       

    • 图  1  歧口凹陷位置及地层柱状图

      Huang et al.(2012)

      Fig.  1.  Location of and stratigraphic histogram of Qikou depression

      图  2  热液流体活动的岩石学证据

      a.凝灰岩发生角砾岩化,角砾间充填热液矿物,GG16102井,上古生界,2 187.27 m;b.玄武岩发生角砾岩化,角砾间充填热液矿物,GG1507井,中生界,2 030.25 m;c.碳酸盐岩发生角砾岩化,角砾间充填热液矿物,GG16102井,上古生界,2 206.65 m;d.碳酸盐岩形成热碎裂结构,GG16102井,上古生界,2 206.56 m;e.泥岩中发育斑马状结构,GG16102井,上古生界,2 182.70 m;f.泥岩褪色呈土黄色,GG16102井,上古生界,2 182.30 m

      Fig.  2.  Petrological evidence of hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  3  热液流体活动的矿物学证据

      a.粗晶方解石、石英与黄铁矿,BS701井,下古生界,4 622.75 m;b.粗晶方解石、石英与硬石膏,BS701井,下古生界,4 622.82 m;c.粗晶方解石、石英与黄铁矿,BS701井,下古生界,4 622.75 m;d.粗晶白云石、方解石与黄铁矿,GG16102井,上古生界,2 206.56 m;e.脉状微晶石英,GG16102井,上古生界,2 204.13 m;f.重晶石、白云石与黄铁矿脉,GG16102井,上古生界,2 187.35 m;g.硫元素扫描成像,GG16102井,上古生界,2 187.35 m;h.钡元素扫描成像,GG16102井,上古生界,2 187.35 m;i.板条状钠长石、白云石与方沸石,GG1507井,中生界,2 029.50 m;j.白云石、石英与方沸石,GG1507井,中生界,2 029.50 m;k.板条状石膏与自形白云石,T12井,上古生界,1 915.00 m;l.放射状、菊花状片钠铝石与粗晶白云石,G1井,古近系,1 963.28 m

      Fig.  3.  Mineralogical evidence of hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  4  地层水矿化度对热液流体活动的响应

      Fig.  4.  Response of formation water salinity to hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  5  热解参数特征对热液流体活动的响应

      Fig.  5.  Response of pyrolysis parameter characteristics to hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  6  流体包裹体特征对热液流体活动的响应

      Fig.  6.  Response of fluid inclusion characteristics to hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  7  黏土矿物转化特征对热液流体活动的响应

      Fig.  7.  Response of clay mineral transformation characteristics to hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  8  热液流体活动发育段泥岩特征

      a.泥岩中脉体发育,GG16102井,上古生界,1 917.20 m;b.脉体中碳酸盐强烈交代岩石,GG16102井,上古生界,1 917.05 m

      Fig.  8.  The characteristics of mudstone in hydrothermal fluid development zone

      图  9  歧口凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩稀土元素配分曲线

      a.稀土元素配分曲线表现为Eu负异常;b.稀土元素配分曲线表现为Eu正异常

      Fig.  9.  Rare earth element curves of Ordovician carbonate rock in Qikou depression

      图  10  热液流体活动对凝灰岩和碳酸盐岩的改造

      a.成像测井显示碳酸盐岩中水力压裂缝发育,GG16102井,上古生界,2 205.00~2 207.50 m;b.粗晶白云石中发育溶蚀孔隙,GG16102井,上古生界,2 206.56 m;c.碳酸盐岩中沿裂缝发育溶蚀孔洞,GG16102井,上古生界,2 207.10 m;d.裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中发黄色和白黄色荧光,GG16102井,上古生界,2 207.10 m;e凝灰中发育热液流体压裂作用,裂缝被热液矿物部分充填,GG16102井,上古生界,2 187.27 m;f.玻屑脱玻化后形成石英晶间微孔隙,GG16102井,上古生界,2 185.77 m;g.玻屑脱玻化后形成长石晶间微孔隙,GG16102井,上古生界,2 185.77 m;h.玻屑被黄铁矿交代后形成的晶间微孔隙,GG16102井,上古生界,2 185.77 m

      Fig.  10.  Reformation on tuff and carbonate rock by hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  11  热液流体活动改造储层模式图

      a.热液流体活动对凝灰岩和玄武岩的改造模型;b.热液流体活动对碳酸盐岩的改造模型

      Fig.  11.  The reformation models of hydrothermal fluid activity on reservoirs

      图  12  热液流体活动对玄武岩的改造

      a.白云石晶间孔和残余裂缝,GG1507井,中生界,2 031.18 m;b.水力压裂缝中含油,GG1507井,中生界,2 032.85 m;c.热液矿物晶间发蓝绿色荧光,GG1507井,中生界,2 030.25 m

      Fig.  12.  Reformation on basalt by hydrothermal fluid activity

      图  13  热液改造砂岩储层与未改造砂岩储层特征对比

      a.绿泥石膜上发育石英晶芽,BS16井,沙河街组,3 486.50 m;b.伊利石延伸至粒间孔隙中,B8井,沙河街组,2 726.00 m;c.热液流体作用砂岩与正常砂岩压汞曲线

      Fig.  13.  Characteristic contrast of hydrothermal reformed and unformed sandstone reservoirs

      表  1  歧口凹陷上古生界泥岩微量元素含量

      Table  1.   Trace element content of Upper Paleozoic mudstone in Qikou depression

      井号 深度(m) 微量元素含量(μg/g) 热液流体活动
      Zn Cd Ba Pb
      GG16102 1 912.70 206.35 1.13 606.90 40.96 发育
      GG16102 1 919.45 237.87 1.56 674.99 108.64
      GG16102 1 972.91 241.75 1.00 535.07 35.96
      GG16102 1 976.91 38.69 0.17 264.39 26.08 不发育
      GG16102 2 196.09 78.77 0.26 195.43 10.81
      GG16102 2 197.09 71.00 0.26 186.49 17.13
      GG16102 2 204.81 91.86 0.20 130.96 11.12
      GG16102 2 207.98 14.49 0.09 109.11 19.27
      GG16102 2 222.23 87.02 0.41 269.78 23.06
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  歧口凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩稀土元素含量及相关参数

      Table  2.   Rare earth element contents and related parameters of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Qikou depression

      井名 深度(m) 岩性 稀土元素含量(10-6 ∑REE δEu
      La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
      T14 2 992.85 亮晶灰岩 3.88 8.81 1.02 4.26 0.89 0.16 0.71 0.11 0.6 0.12 0.35 0.06 0.3 0.04 21.31 0.59
      QG1 4 105.24 泥晶白云岩 8.11 17.64 1.97 7.52 1.55 0.28 1.26 0.22 1.32 0.26 0.72 0.12 0.65 0.1 41.72 0.59
      QG1 4 196.00 泥晶灰岩 2.59 4.96 0.55 2.05 0.43 0.08 0.32 0.05 0.25 0.05 0.15 0.03 0.13 0.02 11.67 0.67
      K24 2 197.96 泥晶白云岩 1.18 2.63 0.29 1.03 0.25 0.07 0.33 0.07 0.41 0.08 0.21 0.04 0.17 0.03 6.79 0.69
      K24 2 298.27 泥晶灰岩 1.22 2.38 0.25 0.83 0.17 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.01 5.40 0.67
      K24 2 298.73 泥晶白云岩 0.62 1.4 0.16 0.67 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.04 0.21 0.04 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.02 3.83 0.72
      K24 2 299.23 泥晶灰岩 2.33 4.44 0.46 1.73 0.36 0.07 0.34 0.06 0.28 0.05 0.14 0.03 0.13 0.02 10.44 0.55
      K19 2 253.35 泥晶白云岩 1.47 3.07 0.35 1.38 0.28 0.05 0.25 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.12 0.03 0.09 0.01 7.38 0.62
      BS701 4 652.02 泥晶白云岩 6.94 14.49 1.53 5.48 1.13 0.21 1.03 0.2 1.14 0.21 0.55 0.09 0.48 0.08 33.55 0.59
      BS701 4 659.78 泥晶白云岩 4.25 8.89 1.01 3.75 0.79 0.15 0.68 0.12 0.65 0.12 0.34 0.06 0.29 0.04 21.14 0.60
      BS6 4 029.38 泥晶白云岩 1.93 4.41 0.56 2.51 0.57 0.11 0.47 0.08 0.42 0.09 0.25 0.05 0.23 0.03 11.7 0.61
      K19 2 372.26 泥晶白云岩 1.12 2.34 0.26 0.96 0.22 0.15 0.21 0.04 0.21 0.04 0.11 0.02 0.09 0.01 5.78 2.11
      K19 2 173.55 泥晶灰岩 0.97 1.92 0.21 0.79 0.26 0.30 0.31 0.06 0.31 0.05 0.12 0.02 0.10 0.02 5.43 3.32
      G2035 3 074.39 颗粒灰岩 2.64 4.74 0.51 2.01 0.41 0.27 0.34 0.05 0.25 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.12 0.02 11.57 2.15
      注:δEu=2EuN/(SmN+GdN),N表示球粒陨石标准化后的值.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  太原组中碳酸盐岩物性对比

      Table  3.   Comparison of physical characteristics of carbonate in Taiyuan Formation

      井号 层位 深度(m) 孔隙度(%) 渗透率(mD) 热液流体活动
      GG16102 太原组 2
      205.72
      3.59 0.180 发育
      GG16102 太原组 2
      205.94
      0.11 0.003 欠发育
      GG16102 太原组 2
      206.40
      1.54 0.004
      GG16102 太原组 2
      206.56
      1.43 0.005
      GG16102 太原组 2
      206.74
      1.21 0.006
      GG16102 太原组 2
      206.95
      1.50 0.050
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  太原组中凝灰岩孔隙度对比

      Table  4.   Comparison of porosity of tuff in Taiyuan Formation

      热液流体活动 井号 层段 深度(m) 孔隙度(%)
      发育 GG16102 太原组 2 183.70 15.72
      GG16102 太原组 2 184.10 18.24
      GG16102 太原组 2 185.28 14.10
      GG16102 太原组 2 185.61 17.41
      GG16102 太原组 2 185.94 15.24
      GG16102 太原组 2 186.60 16.01
      GG16102 太原组 2 187.59 17.45
      GG16102 太原组 2 190.23 16.16
      不发育 GG4-1 太原组 1 992.41 11.78
      GG4-1 太原组 1 993.00 12.04
      GG4-1 太原组 1 993.70 10.87
      GG4-1 太原组 1 994.15 10.92
      GG4-1 太原组 1 995.58 10.79
      GG4-1 太原组 1 996.73 10.74
      GG4-1 太原组 1 997.28 7.92
      GG4-1 太原组 1 998.16 8.32
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2019-11-23
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