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    海底热液循环中矿物沉淀过程数值模拟

    郭志馗 陈超 陶春辉 胡正旺 许顺芳

    郭志馗, 陈超, 陶春辉, 胡正旺, 许顺芳, 2021. 海底热液循环中矿物沉淀过程数值模拟. 地球科学, 46(2): 729-742. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.959
    引用本文: 郭志馗, 陈超, 陶春辉, 胡正旺, 许顺芳, 2021. 海底热液循环中矿物沉淀过程数值模拟. 地球科学, 46(2): 729-742. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.959
    Guo Zhikui, Chen Chao, Tao Chunhui, Hu Zhengwang, Xu Shunfang, 2021. Numerical Modeling of Mineral Precipitation in Seafloor Hydrothermal Circulation. Earth Science, 46(2): 729-742. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.959
    Citation: Guo Zhikui, Chen Chao, Tao Chunhui, Hu Zhengwang, Xu Shunfang, 2021. Numerical Modeling of Mineral Precipitation in Seafloor Hydrothermal Circulation. Earth Science, 46(2): 729-742. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.959

    海底热液循环中矿物沉淀过程数值模拟

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.959
    基金项目: 

    国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC0600507

    国家重点研发计划项目 2018YFC0309901

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      郭志馗(1990-), 男, 博士, 主要从事热液流体动力学和矿物反应数值模拟研究.ORCID: 0000-0002-0604-0455.E-mail: 1013282124@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      陈超, E-mail: chenchao@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P738.6

    Numerical Modeling of Mineral Precipitation in Seafloor Hydrothermal Circulation

    • 摘要: 为了探索高渗透性洋壳中高温热液循环系统的形成机制,以数值模拟为手段研究热液循环中的矿物沉淀过程及其对洋壳渗透率的反馈.在热液对流-矿物反应模型中考虑了硬石膏、黄铁矿和黄铜矿的沉淀和溶解反应,基于矿物的溶度积计算矿物的沉淀/溶解量,并将其转换为渗透率的变化.结果显示,黄铁矿和黄铜矿分布于350~380℃等温线范围内,并随着热液温度升高而逐渐向海底推移.海水被加热及与热液混合过程中沉淀出硬石膏,在热液上升通道两侧形成低渗透性的烟囱状结构,降低了海水-热液混合程度从而使热液温度升高.高温热液通道建立后,便会有更多的金属物质随着高温热液被运输至浅层洋壳或海底.模拟结果为理解海底高温热液喷口的形成机制提供了借鉴.

       

    • 图  1  溶度积和矿物沉淀量(质量分数)随温度的变化

      a.硬石膏;b.黄铁矿;c.黄铜矿. 黑色点划线表示海水(Ca2+、SO42-含量分别为10、28 mmol/kg)的Ca2+和SO42-浓度乘积随温度的变化(图a),热液(Fe、S、Cu含量分别为20、5.9、0.035 mmol/kg)中的离子浓度乘积随温度的变化(图b、c)

      Fig.  1.  Solubility product and precipitation mass fraction as function of temperature.

      图  2  热液流动-矿物沉淀数值模拟计算流程图

      Fig.  2.  Flow chart of main algorithm for the reactive transport model

      图  3  模型几何结构及网格分布

      Fig.  3.  Geometry and mesh of the model

      图  4  不同渗透率的参考模型

      图a、b分别表示t=3 000 a时kext为10-14 m2、4×10-14 m2的流体温度分布,图c表示喷口温度和物质流动速率随渗透率的变化

      Fig.  4.  Fluid temperature of reference model with different permeabilities

      图  5  流体温度、矿物沉淀量和地壳渗透率演化

      矿物沉淀量用饱和度表示,比如硬石膏饱和度0.6表示60%的孔隙被硬石膏填充,从而降低了渗透率.第一行图中灰色带箭头的曲线表示流体流动的流线分布

      Fig.  5.  Evolution of fluid temperature, saturation of mineral and crustal permeability

      图  6  不同kext的模型在考虑化学反应和不考虑化学反应情况下的喷口流体温度演化曲线

      Fig.  6.  Vent temperature evolution of models with different kext, with and without reaction

      图  7  不同kext的模型的物质通量分析

      Qdis表示出流的物质通量, Qre表示入流的物质通量;物质通量负值表示入流,正值表示出流.z为深度(m).纵轴表示沿着剖面不同位置处的物质通量占总物质通量的百分比,中央的热液集中上升区域的物质通量较两侧大

      Fig.  7.  Mass flux analysis of models with different kext

      图  8  同矿物反应对喷口流体温度的影响

      Fig.  8.  Contribution of each mineral reaction to vent temperature

      图  9  两种Cu浓度边界条件模型的硬石膏、黄铁矿和黄铜矿分布(t=1 600 a)

      Fig.  9.  Anhydrite, pyrite and chalcopyrite distribution of models with different (CCu) boundary conditions (t=1 600 a)

      表  1  二维热液对流-矿物反应模型边界条件

      Table  1.   Boundary conditions of 2D reactive hydrothermal convection model

      变量 底部边界 顶部边界 侧壁边界
      T 450 ℃ 流入:5 ℃;流出:零梯度 零梯度
      v 无流出 自由流入或流出 无流出
      p 物质流动速率Qin = 11.5 g/(m∙s) 30 MPa 零梯度
      CCa2+ 100 10 零通量
      CSO42- 0 28 零通量
      CFe 20 0 零通量
      CS 5.9 0 零通量
      CCu 0.035 0 零通量
      注:离子浓度边界条件值参考Hannington et al.(2016)Kawada and Yoshida(2010),单位为mmol/kg.
      下载: 导出CSV
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