K1 Xiguayuan Formation Soft-Sediment Deformation Caused by Earthquake in Luanping Basin
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摘要: 为完善对滦平盆地西瓜园组地震引发的软沉积变形构造的认识，综合利用野外观测与室内分析相结合、宏观沉积体系与微观软沉积变形构造等分析相结合的方法，对研究区震积成因的软沉积变形构造进行了研究.结果表明，在盆内主、次控盆断层夹角位置的两处剖面中，可见枕状构造、液化砂岩脉、液化砂岩侵位、液化角砾岩、液化卷曲变形、砂岩滴落体、火焰构造、球枕构造、枕状层、负荷构造和震积不整合的组合发育，且同一剖面具有垂向多次震积作用的连续发育特点，这些震积作用均被识别在扇三角洲前缘相带内.根据这些软沉积变形发育的位置、彼此组合伴生、连续发育和区域分布的特点，可识别出连续2次大地震的发生.Abstract: In order to improve the understanding of soft-sediment deformation structures caused by earthquake of the Xiguayuan Formation in Luanping basin, they were studied by the method of combination of both the field investigation with laboratory analysis, and the macroscopic sedimentary system with microscopic soft-sediment deformation structure. In two sections at the angle between the main and secondary basin-controlling faults in the basin, pillow structure, liquefied sand veins, liquefied sand emplacement, liquefied breccias, liquefaction curl deformation, liquefied droplet, flame structure, ball-and-pillow structure, pillow beds, load structure and seismic unconformity plane were developed. Seismites deposited continuously in fan delta front. According to the location of these soft-sediment deformation, their association, continuous development and regional distribution, two successive earthquakes can be identified.
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Key words:
- Luanping basin /
- Xiguayuan Formation /
- soft-sediment deformation /
- earthquake /
- sedimentology
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图 1 滦平盆地地质简图
γδ1-2.花岗闪长岩；Ch.长城系；Jx.蓟县系；J1x.下花园组系；J1n.南大岭组；J2l.九龙山组；J3t.髫髻山组；J3tch.土城子组；K1z.张家口组；K1j2.九佛堂组二段；K1x.西瓜园组
Fig. 1. The simplified geological map of Luanping basin
图 2 滦平盆地西瓜园组环境变化标志
a.石膏假晶（纪友亮等提供手标本的照片）、石膏（显微照片Gp）和白云石（显微照片Dol），反映湖盆处于干旱蒸发环境；b.多期泥裂（上半段图的观察角度为垂直泥岩水平层理面，下半段图为平行该面），反映泥时而处于水下接受沉积，时而暴露水面接触干燥空气；c.恐龙脚印化石与泥裂共生（平行泥岩水平层理面），恐龙脚印化石的出现反映了暗色泥岩指示的较深湖环境变为恐龙生活的浅水区环境（纪友亮等，2008）；d.韵律层理，钙质成分与黑色泥质成分互层，反映了季节等引起的湖泊环境变化，小钙质结核，后期被上覆砂岩等压实，结核相对致密，因而向下压弯软的细粒沉积物；白色层为钙质成分较高层，黑色为有机质成分较高，红色为Fe含量较高层
Fig. 2. Indicators of environmental changes of the Xiguayuan Formation in Luanping basin
图 3 滦平盆地西瓜园组杨树沟剖面西半部分震积软沉积变形构造组合
a.杨树沟剖面西半部分剖面整体照片；b.剖面右侧局部放大照片，负荷构造、液化砂岩脉、液化砂岩侵位；c.剖面左侧局部放大照片，两期叠置的负荷构造、火焰构造和震积不整合；d.图c的局部放大图. 1.负荷构造; 2.液化砂岩脉; 3.原地砂岩液化向下侵位; 4.原地砂岩液化向上侵位; 5.火焰构造; 6①.第1次地震的震积不整合面; 6②.第2次地震的震积不整合面; 7.异地相沉积物
Fig. 3. Structural assemblage of seismic soft-sediment deformation in the western Yangshugou Section of the Xiguayuan Formation in Luanping basin
图 4 滦平盆地西瓜园组杨树沟剖面东半部分震积软沉积变形构造组合
a.液化砂岩脉、液化砂岩侵位、液化泥质角砾岩、液化卷曲变形和被破坏的震积不整合面；b.枕状构造、震积不整合、液化砂岩侵位、液化卷曲变形和滴落体; c.球枕构造和滴落体; d.枕状层和张性裂缝. 1.负荷构造; 3.原地砂岩液化向下侵位; 4.原地砂岩液化向上侵位; 5.火焰构造; 6①B.液化破坏的第1次地震的震积不整合面; 6②.第2次地震的震积不整合面; 6②B.液化破坏的第2次地震的震积不整合面; 7.异地相沉积物; 8.异地相沉积物与原地沉积物互层; 9.异地相沉积物液化向下侵位; 10.液化的异地相沉积物与原地沉积物混合向下侵位; 11.异地相沉积物滴落体; 12.原地沉积物滴落体; 13.液化脉; 14.液化卷曲变形; 15.球枕构造; 16.枕状层; 17.球枕内张性裂缝; 18.球枕构造内同心纹层
Fig. 4. Structural assemblage of seismic soft-sediment deformation in the eastern half of the Yangshugou Section of the Xiguayuan Formation in Luanping basin
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