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    CO2矿化研究现状及应用潜力

    任京伟 王涛 陈雨雷 王燕 董芸希 杜沈萌 杜金智

    任京伟, 王涛, 陈雨雷, 王燕, 董芸希, 杜沈萌, 杜金智, 2020. CO2矿化研究现状及应用潜力. 地球科学, 45(7): 2413-2425. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.027
    引用本文: 任京伟, 王涛, 陈雨雷, 王燕, 董芸希, 杜沈萌, 杜金智, 2020. CO2矿化研究现状及应用潜力. 地球科学, 45(7): 2413-2425. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.027
    Ren Jingwei, Wang Tao, Chen Yulei, Wang Yan, Dong Yunxi, Du Shenmeng, Du Jinzhi, 2020. Research Status and Application Potential of CO2 Mineralization. Earth Science, 45(7): 2413-2425. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.027
    Citation: Ren Jingwei, Wang Tao, Chen Yulei, Wang Yan, Dong Yunxi, Du Shenmeng, Du Jinzhi, 2020. Research Status and Application Potential of CO2 Mineralization. Earth Science, 45(7): 2413-2425. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.027

    CO2矿化研究现状及应用潜力

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.027
    基金项目: 

    全国陆域及海区地质图件更新与共享项目 DD20190370

    国家自然科学基金项目 41103017

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      任京伟(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 地质工程专业.ORCID:0000-0002-8041-7599.E-mail:1417421597@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      王涛, ORCID:0000-0003-0334-5613.E-mail:82619631@qq.com

    • 中图分类号: P579

    Research Status and Application Potential of CO2 Mineralization

    • 摘要: CO2浓度急剧上升成为一个很严峻的问题,因此,降低大气CO2浓度成为当务之急.目前涉及的方案中的海洋封存、地质封存,虽封存潜力巨大,但带来的负面影响也不容小觑.CO2矿化利用实质是模拟自然界岩石化学风化,作为一种新兴的减排方案,既能固定大气CO2,生成具有工业附加值的碳酸盐产品,又能实现环境友好.能够矿化利用的原材料包括天然富钙、镁硅酸盐矿物,工业碱性废固、液,盐湖中的氯化镁资源等,矿化利用的方法也不尽相同.虽然硅酸盐岩的风化是如何控制长时间尺度的气候变化的机制还没有定论,但风化过程中具有固定大量CO2的潜力这一认识已达成共识.对含有大量硅酸盐矿物的尾矿矿化CO2的研究是目前的热点,介绍了尾矿矿化CO2的研究现状及几种重要尾矿矿物的矿化应用潜力.

       

    • 图  1  CO2地质封存方式的泄漏风险图据(谢和平等,2012修改)

      Fig.  1.  Leakage risk map for CO2 geological storage(modified from Xie et al., 2012)

      图  2  CO2矿化封存示意图(Metz et al., 2005)

      Fig.  2.  Schematic of a CO2 mineral carbonation operation(modified from Metz et al., 2005)

      图  3  直接干法矿化反应流程示意图

      Fig.  3.  Diagram of direct dry mineralization reaction flow

      图  4  间接湿法矿化反应流程示意图

      Fig.  4.  Indirect wet mineralization reaction flow chart

      表  1  用于矿化的工业废固、液主要成分及其反应方程式

      Table  1.   Main compositions of industrial waste solids and liquids for mineralization and their reaction equations

      矿化原料 矿化的主要化学成分 化学方程式
      石灰窑粉尘 CaO、MgO CaO+CO2→CaCO3
      MgO+CO2→MgCO3
      煤粉灰 CaO CaO+CO2→CaCO3
      钢渣 CaO、MgO CaO+CO2→CaCO3
      MgO+CO2→MgCO3
      电石渣 Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3+H2O
      Mg(OH)2+CO2→MgCO3+H2O
      白泥 Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、CaO Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3+H2O
      Mg(OH)2+CO2→MgCO3+H2O
      CaO+CO2→CaCO3
      盐泥 Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2+CO2→MgCO3+H2O
      电石废水 Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3+H2O
      纺织、印染废水 NaOH NaOH+CO2→Na2CO3+H2O
      盐湖苦卤 MgCl2 2NH3·H2O+CO2→(NH4)2CO3+H2O
      MgCl2·6H2O+(NH4)2CO3
      MgCO3·3H2O+2NH4Cl+3H2O
      5MgCl2·6H2O+5(NH4)2CO3
      Mg(OH)2·4H2O+10NH4Cl+CO2+26H2O
      磷石膏 CaSO4·H2O CaSO4·H2O+2NH3·H2O+CO2→(NH4)2SO4+CaCO3+3H2O
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  不同矿化原料矿化反应方程式及最优条件

      Table  2.   Equations and optimum conditions for mineralization reaction of different mineralized raw materials

      原料 媒介 方程式 最优条件
      橄榄石 NaCl 2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+Cl2+H2
      Cl2(g)+H2→2HCl; 4HCl+Mg2SiO4→2MgCl2+SiO2+2H2O
      CO2+NaOH→NaHCO3; MgCl2+2NaHCO3→MgCO3+2NaCl+H2O+CO2
      粒径 < 110 μm
      t=90 ℃
      盐酸浓度 < 3 mol/L
      蛇纹石 NaCl 2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+H2+Cl2
      Cl2+H2O→HCl+HClO
      2HClO→2HCl+O2
      6HCl+Mg3SiO5(OH)4→3MgCl2+2SiO2+5H2O
      CO2+NaOH→NaHCO3
      MgCl2+2NaHCO3→MgCO3+2NaCl+H2O+CO2
      p=4 MPa
      t=150 ℃
      粒径 < 30 μm
      硅灰石 HAc CaSiO3+2H+→Ca2++H2O+SiO2
      CO2+H2O→H2CO3→H++HCO3-
      Ca2++HCO3-→CaCO3+H+
      p=4 MPa
      t=150 ℃
      粒径 < 30 μm
      水镁石 NH4Cl Mg(OH)2+2NH4Cl→MgCl2+2NH3+2H2O
      NH3+H2O→NH4OH
      NH4OH+CO2→NH4HCO3
      2NH4HCO3+MgCl2+2H2O→MgCO3·3H2O+2NH4Cl+CO2
      粒径 < 91 μm
      t=100 ℃
      氯化铵3 mol/L
      磷石膏 NH3·H2O CaSO4·H2O+2NH3·H2O+CO2→(NH4)2SO4+CaCO3+3H2O t=65 ℃、
      固液比3.0、
      氮硫比2.25
      氯化镁 NH3·H2O 2NH3·H2O+CO2→(NH4)2CO3+H2O
      MgCl2·6H2O+(NH4)2CO3→MgCO3·3H2O+2NH4Cl+3H2O
      5MgCl2·6H2O+5(NH4)2CO3→Mg(OH)2·4H2O+10NH4Cl+CO2+26H2O
      t=40 ℃、
      氯氨比1.0、乙醇体积分数30%
      下载: 导出CSV
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