Late Quaternary Slip along Yangguan Fault at Northeastern Section of Altyn Tagh Fault and Implications for Seismic Risk
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摘要: 阿尔金断裂系东北段阳关断裂的晚第四纪活动性与强震危险性关系到敦煌地区及相关文物古迹的防震减灾问题.基于高分辨率卫星影像对阳关断裂几何展布特征进行解译，采用差分GPS、无人机航空摄影测量方法、古地震探槽方法以及OSL测年方法对两个研究点进行了详细研究，对其定量活动参数进行了初步限定.结果显示，阳关断裂东段运动形式主要表现为挤压逆冲，最新的一次地震事件可能发生在距今43.5~12.1 ka之间，表明阳关断裂东段至少在晚更新世以来有过活动，并且具有发生Mw6.6强震的潜能及危险性.如果发生类似强度的地震，敦煌主城区的烈度至少在Ⅵ以上，阳关土遗址地区则会达到Ⅸ.因此，阳关断裂应该是该区防震减灾重点关注的发震断层之一.Abstract: The Yangguan Fault is located on northwestern section of the Altyn Tagh Fault, which is a large strike slip fault and seismotectonic in Northeast Tibet Plateau, which poses potential seismic hazard to city development and culture relics in Dunhuang area. In this study it focuses on characterizing activity of the Yangguan Fault, using high resolution satellite imagery to map faults in space. At two study sites, it made detailed investigation by methods of difference GPS, aerial photogrammetry with unmanned aerial vehicle, paleoseismical trench and Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating. The preliminary results are that the Yangguan Fault is a thrust fault trending NEE with high dipping angle; its latest event likely occurred between 43.5 ka and 12.1 ka. The results imply that the eastern section of the Yangguan Fault ruptured at least during Late Pleistocene. It is proposed that the eastern section rupture will cause an earthquake of Mw 6.6, shaking the nearby area strongly, and the seismic intensity in the Dunhuang downtown will be more than Ⅵ, reaching up to Ⅸ at Yangguan relic site. Therefore, the Yangguan Fault is an important seismic fault in West Hexi Corridor. This study provides critical data for seismic prevention and disaster mitigation for city development and culture relic protection in Dunhuang area.
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图 1 研究区区域构造图
a.青藏高原活动构造简图；b.阳关断裂及其邻区构造展布，底图为Google earth卫星影像
Fig. 1. Tectonic map of the study area
图 2 阳关断裂东段几何展布特征
红色线条为断层，虚线为推测断层；底图为GF-2卫星影像，分辨率约为0.8 m
Fig. 2. Geometry along eastern section of the Yangguan Fault
图 3 阳关断裂东段地质构造图
红色线条为断层，虚线为推测断层；等高线数据来源于美国SRTM 30 m DEM，间距为40 m
Fig. 3. Tectonic map of eastern section of the Yangguan Fault
图 4 阳关断裂东段断错地貌
a. 被断错的Q1冲积扇面；b.晚第四纪扇面上发育两期近平行分布的小陡坎；c.基岩区残留的裂点；d.错动扇面的陡坎，高约3 m.照片位置见图 2
Fig. 4. Faulted feature along the eastern section of the Yangguan Fault
图 5 研究点1的断层陡坎解译和位移测量
底图为使用SfM方法获得的高分辨率DEM（分辨率为0.2 m）生成的山影图
Fig. 5. Fault scarp investigation and vertical throw measurements at Site 1
图 6 研究点2的断层陡坎解译和位移测量
图a底图为使用SfM方法获得的高分辨率DEM（分辨率为0.2 m）生成的山影图
Fig. 6. Fault scarp investigation and vertical throw measurements at Site 2
图 8 古地震探槽TC2西壁部分剖面
a. 探槽剖面照片拼接图；b. 地层和断层解译图
Fig. 8. Westwall of paleoseismological trench TC2
图 9 古地震探槽TC3东壁剖面
a. 探槽剖面照片拼接图；b. 地层和断层解译图
Fig. 9. Eastwall of paleoseismological trench TC3
图 10 古地震探槽TC7西壁剖面
a. 探槽剖面照片拼接图；b. 地层和断层解译图
Fig. 10. Westwall of paleoseismological trench TC7
表 1 OSL样品测试结果
Table 1. Analytical result of OSL samples
样品编号 深度(m) 含水率(%) Ua (10-6) Th a (10-6) K a (%) 剂量率b (Ga/ka) 等效剂量c (Ga) 年代c (ka) YG1701 0.4 1.1 2.92±0.11 18.40±0.50 1.52±0.05 3.7±0.2 162±14 43.5±4.2 YG1702 0.4 1.9 2.37±0.09 6.17±0.21 1.36±0.05 2.6±0.1 30.9±3.0 12.1±1.3 YG1710 0.8 2.9 1.90±0.08 7.18±0.24 1.54±0.05 2.7±0.1 162±17 60.5±6.9 注：a. U、Th和K元素的含量在中国原子能科学研究院使用中子活化法(NAA)测试；b. 测试矿物为石英，样品测试粒级为90~125 µm，剂量率和年代计算参考“DRAC”；c.使用三参数最小年代模型MAM-3计算的等效剂量及其年代. 
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