Yanshanian Tectonic Activities and Their Sedimentary Responses in Northwestern Junggar Basin
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摘要: 燕山运动是侏罗纪/白垩纪之交，区域规模和岩石圈尺度的重大构造运动.与中国东部地区相比，该运动在中国西部盆地的岩浆作用、构造事件动力学机制及其沉积响应等方面还存在诸多争议.利用碎屑锆石年代学和砂岩岩相学分析，对准噶尔盆地腹部石南地区的燕山期构造运动及盆地内的沉积响应进行分析，得到以下认识：（1）准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗纪-白垩纪同沉积期火山活动相关碎屑锆石是燕山期区域性火山活动的重要沉积响应.（2）准噶尔盆地燕山期发生强烈的陆内造山运动，盆地内构造单元发生相应的挤压变形.（3）准噶尔盆地内沉积体系对燕山期构造运动具有良好响应，白垩系底砾岩指示了盆地周缘造山带的快速隆升和盆地边界的萎缩.Abstract: The Yanshanian movement was a major tectonic movement on a regional and lithospheric scale at the turn of the Jurassic to Cretaceous, which laid the foundation of tectonics in China. Compared with eastern China, there are still many controversies on the magmatism, tectonic dynamic mechanism and sedimentary response of the Yanshanian movement in the western China basin. In this study, the Yanshanian tectonic movement and sedimentary response of the basin are discussed based on the clastic zircon chronology and sandstone lithofacies of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sandstone samples in the Shinan area of the Junggar basin. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Age of syndepositional volcanism recorded by the detrital zircons derived from magmatic rocks in the southern margin and northern part of the Junggar basin effectively indicates the existence of regional volcanism in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. (2) Intense intracontinental orogeny in the Yanshanian period led to extrusion deformation of tectonic units in the Junggar basin. (3) The sedimentary system had a good response to the Yanshanian tectonic movement. Cretaceous conglomerates indicate the rapid uplift of the orogenic belt around the basin and the shrinkage of the basin boundary.
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图 1 中亚造山带及邻区板块位置图（a）和准噶尔盆地及邻区地质简图（b）以及准噶尔盆地周缘造山带中酸性结晶岩年龄频率直方图（c）
a. Li et al.(2016); b.据新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产局(1993)修改；阿尔泰造山带中酸性结晶岩年龄参考自胡霭琴等(1997)；陈富文等(1999)；李玮(2007)；杨甫等(2013)；田红彪(2018)；东北缘造山带中酸性结晶岩年龄参考自韩宝福等(2006)；苏玉平等(2010)；陈万峰(2017)；王家林(2019)；西北缘造山带中酸性结晶岩年龄参考自Chen and Jahn(2004)；韩宝福等(2006)；李辛子等(2010)；靳松(2016)；陈万峰(2017)；王家林(2019)；北天山‒中天山及博格达山中酸性结晶岩年龄参考自Dumitru et al.(2001)；王家林(2019)
Fig. 1. Location of the Central Asian orogenic belt and its adjacent plates(a), schematic map of the Junggar basin and adjacent areas (b) and histograms of age frequency of acidic crystalline rock in the peripheral orogenic belt of the Junggar basin (c)
图 2 研究区地层及沉积环境柱状图
地层划分以准噶尔盆地石南地区地层为标准；地层岩性以石南49井为参考；构造应力场变化参考自李玮(2007)
Fig. 2. Histogram of stratigraphic and sedimentary environments in the study area
图 3 样品岩心照片及岩性描述
a.石203井，2 561.9 m，J2x，灰色细砂岩；b.石108井，2 520.5 m，J2t，灰色中砂岩；c.石南30井，1 884.8 m，K1q，灰色中粗砂岩
Fig. 3. Sample core photos and lithologic description
图 4 砂岩样品碎屑锆石阴极发光图像
Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence images of detrital zircon in the sandstone samples
图 5 碎屑锆石年龄谐和图及年龄峰值图
a.西山窑组砂岩样品（J2x，样品号：S203）；b.头屯河组砂岩样品（J2t，样品号：S108）；c.清水河组砂岩样品（K1q，样品号：SN30）
Fig. 5. U-Pb concordia diagrams and U-Pb age histograms for detrital zircons
图 6 研究区中侏罗统‒下白垩统砂岩碎屑成分三角图
Fig. 6. Clastic composition of the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sandstone in the study area
图 7 准噶尔盆地砂岩样品碎屑锆石年龄
a.下侏罗统砂岩样品; b.中侏罗统砂岩样品; c.中-上侏罗统-上侏罗统砂岩样品; d.白垩系砂岩样品. 据王志维(2009); 杨甫等(2013); Yang et al.(2013); Tang et al.(2014); Fang et al.(2015, 2019)
Fig. 7. Detrital zircon ages of sandstone samples in the Junggar basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地及周缘造山带晚侏罗世‒早白垩世裂变径迹年龄
磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄参考自Dumitru et al.(2001); 郭召杰等(2006)；Yuan et al.(2006, 2009); 李丽等(2008)；沈传波等(2008)；李玮等(2010)；李振华(2011)
Fig. 8. The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous fission track ages in the Junggar basin and surrounding orogenic belts
图 9 准噶尔盆地及周缘造山带燕山期构造‒岩浆活动与盆地沉积响应示意图
阿尔泰造山带岩浆活动参考自胡霭琴等(1997)；陈富文等(1999)；李玮(2007)；杨甫等(2013)；田红彪(2018)；东准噶尔造山带岩浆活动参考自韩宝福等(2006)；苏玉平等(2010)；陈万峰(2017)；王家林(2019)；西准噶尔造山带岩浆活动参考自Chen and Jahn(2004)；李辛子等(2010)；韩宝福等(2006)；靳松(2016)；陈万峰(2017)；王家林(2019)；准噶尔南缘造山带岩浆活动参考自Dumitru et al.(2001)；王家林(2019)；准噶尔盆地及周缘造山带磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄参考自Dumitru et al.(2001)；郭召杰等(2006)；Yuan et al.(2006, 2009)；李丽等(2008)；沈传波等(2008)；李玮等(2010)；李振华(2011)
Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of tectonic - magmatic activity and sedimentary response of Yanshanian period in the Junggar basin and its surrounding orogenic belt
图 10 准噶尔盆地燕山运动中期古流向及白垩系底砾岩分布示意图
白垩系底砾岩分布据方世虎等（2006）修改
Fig. 10. Diagram of Middle Yanshanian paleoflow and Cretaceous basal conglomerate distribution in the Junggar basin
图 11 准噶尔盆地石南地区泥岩中黏土矿物类型及平均含量变化
Fig. 11. Types and average contents of clay minerals in the Shinan area of Junggar basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地周缘造山带潜在物源区岩浆活动
Table 1. Magmatic activities in the orogenic belts around the Junggar basin
潜在物源区 年龄分布（Ma） 岩性 构造阶段 参考文献 阿尔泰造山带 482~457 安山岩‒英安斑岩‒流纹斑岩、闪长岩‒花岗闪长岩‒英云闪长岩‒二长花岗岩‒正长花岗 俯冲‒大陆边缘弧 田红彪，2018 425~387 英安质‒流纹质凝灰岩‒流纹斑岩、辉长岩‒英云闪长岩‒花岗闪长岩‒二长花岗岩‒白云母二长花岗岩‒ 正长花岗岩‒碱长花岗岩 俯冲碰撞 李玮，2007；田红彪，2018 330~250 花岗岩（碱性花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、片麻理花岗岩等） 后碰撞 李玮，2007 180~160，149~135 黑云母花岗岩、钠长花岗岩、二云母花岗岩等 陆内挤压碰撞 胡霭琴等，1997；陈富文等，1999；杨甫等，2013 东准噶尔造山带
（青格里底山‒卡拉麦里山）510~453 玄武岩、石英闪长岩、斜长花岗岩等 岛弧 苏玉平等，2010 440~360 斜长花岗岩、辉长岩、石英闪长岩等 洋壳俯冲 陈万峰，2017 330~260 钾长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和碱性花岗岩等 后碰撞 韩宝福等，2006 西准噶尔造山带
（扎伊尔山‒哈拉阿拉特山‒谢米斯台山‒萨吾尔山）523~444 堆晶岩、辉长岩、闪长岩、斜长花岗岩等 洋内俯冲 Chen and Jahn, 2004 436~400 花岗岩、闪长岩、安山岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩等 俯冲消减 靳松，2016；陈万峰，2017 350~270 钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、闪长岩等 后碰撞 Chen and Jahn, 2004；韩宝福等，2006；靳松，2016 270~263 辉绿岩、闪长玢岩等 后碰撞 李辛子等，2010；靳松，2016 准噶尔南缘造山带
（伊林黑比尔根山‒博格达山）460~350 花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、玄武岩、黑云母花岗岩、花岗片麻岩等 弧岩浆 Dumitru et al., 2001；王家林，2019 340~300 闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、流纹岩、安山岩、正长岩、斜长花岗岩等 洋壳俯冲 300~260 花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、黑云母钾长花岗岩、流纹岩等 后碰撞 
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表 2 研究区砂岩样品碎屑锆石U⁃Pb年龄组分及统计分析
Table 2. U-Pb age compositions and statistical analyses of detrital zircons from sandstone samples in the study area
样品号 样品年代 碎屑锆石年龄组（Ma） 峰值年龄（Ma） 所占比例 有效年龄数 Th/U S203 J2x 194~161 170、181 0.14 17 0.54~1.49 270~217 244、220 0.14 17 0.30~1.99 369~279 323、297、283 0.50 60 0.12~1.51 504~386 455、493 0.17 21 0.23~1.13 572~538 539、572 0.03 4 0.35~1.35 1 561~1 407 1 407、1 561 0.02 2 0.31~0.49 S108 J2t 194~161 174 0.10 14 0.29~2.25 360~249 299、316、344 0.49 68 0.21~1.98 420~371 392、375 0.19 27 0.20~0.89 517~437 489、506、470 0.14 19 0.33~1.11 905~720 900、803、723 0.04 6 0.11~0.80 1 702~1 510 1 526 0.03 4 0.73~1.11 SN30 K1q 184~132 135、153 0.26 41 0.30~1.95 260~220 246、221 0.03 4 0.33~1.27 369~271 280、321、302 0.48 76 0.20~1.83 446~379 394、431 0.10 15 0.35~0.68 522~479 503 0.04 7 0.52~0.62 936~772 824、786、936 0.06 10 0.13~1.24 1 780~1 458 1 458、1 600、1 780 0.02 3 0.39~0.48
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