Diagenetic and Metamorphic Timing of the Diebusige Complex, the Eastern Alxa Block: New Evidence from Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Dating of Biotite-Plagioclase Gneiss
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摘要: 叠布斯格杂岩作为阿拉善地块变质程度最高、形成时代最老的变质岩系，是进一步深入认识阿拉善地块形成、演化与构造亲缘性的最佳对象.本文对叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩开展了系统的野外地质调查、岩相学观察和锆石U-Pb年代学研究.碎屑锆石U-Pb定年和野外地质调查表明，叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石年龄介于2 177~2 010 Ma，最小年龄峰值为2 050 Ma，结合变质锆石年龄数据，限定其沉积时代在2 050~1 969 Ma之间.区域对比研究表明，阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩与西阿拉善地块龙首山杂岩、华北克拉通孔兹岩带（尤其是孔兹岩带西部）中的变沉积岩系在沉积时代与源区特征上具有高度的一致性.此外，变质锆石U-Pb定年和微量元素分析表明，叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩记录了古元古代晚期1 969~1 811 Ma连续的变质年龄.对比分析阿拉善地块与孔兹岩带变沉积岩系的碎屑锆石年龄谱系-变质时代表明，阿拉善地块与孔兹岩带在古元古代可能具有相同的沉积-变质演化历史，在古元古代期间阿拉善地块应是华北克拉通孔兹岩带的西延部分.Abstract: The Diebusige Complex, as the oldest metamorphic complex with the highest metamorphic grade from the Alxa Block, is an excellent object to investigate the formation, evolution, and tectonic affinity of the Alxa Block. This paper presents comprehensive studies on the biotite-plagioclase gneiss from the Diebusige Complex, including detailed field investigation, petrological observation and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating. The detrital zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the ages of the detrital zircons from the biotite-plagioclase gneiss in the Diebusige Complex are between 2 177 and 2 010 Ma, with a peak age of ca. 2 050 Ma. Combined with the maximum metamorphic age of 1 969 Ma, it is proposed that the depositional timing of the biotite-plagioclase gneiss is 2 050~1 969 Ma. Comprehensive comparative analysis shows that the depositional timing and provenance of the biotite-plagioclase gneiss in the Diebusige Complex is highly consistent with the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Longshoushan Complex and the Khondalite Belt (especially the western part of the Khondalite Belt). In addition, metamorphic zircon U-Pb dating and REE analyses indicate that the metamorphic zircons of the biotite-plagioclase gneiss yield continuous ages of 1 969~1 811 Ma. Based on the similarities in the detrital zircon age patterns and metamorphic timing of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Khondalite Belt in Paleoproterozoic, it is suggested that the Alxa Block should be the western part of the Khondalite Belt in Paleoproterozoic.
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Key words:
- eastern Alxa Block /
- Diebusige Complex /
- late Paleoproterozoic /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- petrology
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图 1 阿拉善地块及邻区大地构造位置和早前寒武纪变质基底分布（底图据张建新和宫江华，2018）
a.阿拉善地块位置；b.阿拉善地块早前寒武纪变质基底分布及变质年龄
Fig. 1. Tectonic location and distribution of early Precambrian basement for the Alxa Block and its adjacent area (modified from Zhang and Gong, 2018)
图 2 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格地区地质简图
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Diebusige area in the eastern Alax Block
图 3 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩（14LH05-4）野外剖面图及采样位置
Fig. 3. Geological cross section and sample location of the biotite-plagioclase gneiss(14LH05-4)in the Diebusige area of the eastern Alax Block
图 4 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩典型地质产状野外照片
a.花岗质片麻岩侵入大理岩；b~d.花岗质片麻岩侵入基性麻粒岩中，且具有不一致的片麻理；e.石榴基性麻粒岩中保存有石榴子石；f.灰色花岗质片麻岩；g.灰黑色基性麻粒岩；h~i.花岗质片麻岩侵入黑云斜长片麻岩中
Fig. 4. Representative field-photographs from the Diebusige area showing the relationships between the magnetite quartzite and their country rocks
图 5 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩中石榴基性麻粒岩（a）、花岗质片麻岩（b、c）、基性麻粒岩（d、e）和黑云斜长片麻岩（f~i）的矿物组合及显微结构特征
矿物缩写：Pl.斜长石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Amph.角闪石；Grt.石榴子石；Qz.石英；Fsp.长石；Bt.黑云母；矿物缩写参考沈其韩（2009）
Fig. 5. Representative photomicrographs showing mineral assemblages and microtextures of the garnet basic granulite (a), granitic gneiss (b, c), basic granulite (d, e), and biotite-plagioclase gneiss (f-i) in Diebusige area
图 6 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石阴极发光图像与年龄
Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence images and ages of detrital zircons from biotite-plagioclase gneiss of the Diebusige area in the eastern Alax Block
图 7 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩变质锆石阴极发光图像与年龄
Fig. 7. Cathodoluminescence images and ages of metamorphic zircons from biotite-plagioclase gneiss of the Diebusige area in the eastern Alax Block
图 8 东阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩中黑云斜长片麻岩锆石U-Pb谐和图（a和c）与锆石稀土元素配分模式图（b和d；球粒陨石稀土数据据Sun and McDonough, 1989）
Fig. 8. Concordia diagrams (a and c) and CI-normalized REE patterns (b and d) of zircons from biotite-plagioclase gneiss of the Diebusige area in the eastern Alax Block (chondrite (CI) after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 9 阿拉善地块及其周边岩浆锆石、碎屑锆石以及变质锆石年龄对比直方图
a.阿拉善地块龙首山杂岩、巴彦乌拉山杂岩及鄂尔多斯地块岩浆锆石年龄对比直方图；其中，a-1数据修群业等（2004）、刘勇（2008）、宫江华等（2011）、Gong et al.（2016）；a-2数据李俊建（2006）、耿元生等（2007）、董春艳等（2007）、Dan et al.（2012）、包创等（2013）、Wu et al.（2014）；a-3数据引自Zhang et al.（2015b）、Hu et al.（2013）、Wan et al.（2013b）、Wang et al.（2014）. b.阿拉善地块叠布斯格杂岩、龙首山杂岩及孔兹岩带碎屑锆石年龄对比直方图；其中，b-1数据来自本文；b-2数据宫江华等（2011）、Gong et al.（2016）；b-3数据张成立等（2018）及其引用文献. c.阿拉善地块内叠布斯格杂岩、巴彦乌拉山杂岩、龙首山杂岩及北大山杂岩变质锆石年龄对比直方图；其中，c-1数据耿元生等(2007, 2010)、Dan et al.（2012）、本文数据；c-2数据董春艳等（2007）、Dan et al.（2012）、包创等（2013）、Wu et al.（2014）；c-3数据宫江华等（2011）、Gong et al.（2016）；c-4数据宫江华等（2012）、Zhang et al.（2013a）
Fig. 9. Comparison age histograms of the magmatic, detrital, and metamorphic zircons from the Alxa Block and its adjacent region
图 10 阿拉善地块、孔兹岩带、阴山陆块及鄂尔多斯地块变质锆石年龄对比直方图
a.数据董春艳等（2007）、耿元生等(2007, 2010)、宫江华等(2011, 2012)、Dan et al.（2012）、包创等（2013）、Zhang et al.（2013a）、Wu et al.（2014）、Gong et al.（2016）；b~d.数据张成立等（2018）及其引用文献
Fig. 10. Comparison age histograms of the metamorphic zircons from the Alxa Block, Yinsh Block, Ordos Block and Khondalite Belt
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