Suture Zones in Tibetan and Tethys Evolution
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摘要: 西藏的缝合带一直是西藏高原基础地质研究中最热门的科学问题之一.立足于西藏高原4条主要缝合带的物质组成、缝合结构以及形成时代等资料，根据时空结构分析认为古特提斯演化与转换构造有关，雅鲁藏布江洋盆扩张与羌塘-三江地区的印支运动具有耦合的时空变换关系；重点讨论了以班公湖-怒江带为中心的古-新特提斯转换扩张性质，构造体制上属左行走滑拉分，形成了西藏高原上颇具特色的与走滑拉分方向平行的伸展构造类型杂岩系，其重要意义不亚于高原周缘逆冲-拆离系构成的杂岩系和美国西部的盆-岭变质核杂岩；探讨了西藏东、西部地区不同地质结构的科学问题，提出了冈底斯岩浆弧拓展加宽受雅鲁藏布洋双重俯冲的制约.Abstract: The study of suture zones in Tibet is always one of the hottest scientific problems related to the fundamental geology of Tibetan Plateau. Based on the composition, tectonic and formation ages for the four suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau, and through the analysis of spatial-temporal structure, it is proposed that the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys was related to the transform faults. The expansion of the Yarlung Zangbo Ocean Basin shows space-time transformation coupled with the Indosinian orogeny in the Qiangtang-Sanjiang area. Focusing on the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys transformation and expansion properties of the Bangong-Nujiang belt, it is found in this study that its tectonic mechanism is left-lateral strike-slip and pull-apart, which have resulted in a series of extensional complexes parallel to the strike-slip and pull-apart, and so it is as important as that of the thrust back sliding detachment system on the basin-ridge metamorphic core complex in the western United States. In this paper, it also discusses the difference of geological structures in eastern and western Tibet, and proposes that the expansion and widening of the Gangdese magmatic arc were constrained by the double subduction of the Yarlung Zangbo Tethys Ocean.
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Key words:
- suture zone /
- transform fault /
- strike-slip boundary /
- Proto-Tethys /
- Paleo-Tethys /
- Neo-Tethys /
- structural geology
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图 1 青藏高原缝合带及其大陆边缘构造地质简图
(1)雅鲁藏布江叠接带；(2)班公湖-怒江缝合带；(3)狮泉河-嘉黎缝合带；(4)龙木错-双湖对接带；(5)松多对接带；(6)金沙江-可可西里叠接带；(7)甘孜-理塘缝合带；(8)昆仑-阿尼玛卿对接带；(9)库地缝合带；(10)祁漫塔格缝合带；(11)柴北缘缝合带；(12)芒崖缝合带；(13)红柳沟缝合带；(14)祁连缝合带
Fig. 1. The geological sketch of the suture zones in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its continental margin
图 2 金沙江二叠-三叠纪板块构造示意图
Ys.玉树-理塘消减带；Br.攀西裂谷；Ls.澜沧江缝合带；Ⅰ.玉树火山弧；Ⅱ.江达火山弧；Ⅲ.维西火山弧；①德格盆地；②德钦盆地；③藤条江盆地. 1.裂谷或扩张脊；2.转换断层；3.转换断层盆地；4.俯冲带；5.火山弧
Fig. 2. Tectonic schematic diagram during Permian-Triassic in the Jinshajiang Plate
图 3 龙木错-双湖带及邻区地质构造简图
据曾庆高等（2010）和李才等（2016）.图a中序号意义同图 1
Fig. 3. Tectonic sketch map of the Longmuco-Shuanghu suture zone and its adjacent area
图 4 羌塘-三江复合板块柱状时空结构图
Fig. 4. The columnar space-time structure diagram of the Qiangtang-Sanjiang composite plate
图 5 班公湖-怒江及其邻区地质演化
冈底斯地区：J2-3r.仁多组；北侧：J1-2xh.希湖群，J2m.马里组，J2s.桑卡拉佣组，J2-3l.拉贡塘组，J3K11n.纳日组，K1z.则弄组，K1dr.多仁组，K1r.日松组，K1l.郎山组，K2j.竞柱山组；南侧：J1-2y.叶巴组，J3K1S.桑日岩群，Mz.变形中生代地层，E1-2.典中组、年波组、帕那组.班公湖-怒江带：JM.木噶岗日岩群，J3s.莎木罗组，J3t.吐卡日组，K21q.去申拉组，∑.蛇绿混杂岩.南羌塘地区：J1-2s\J2s.莎巧木组，J2jb.捷布曲组，J3K1b.邦爱组
Fig. 5. The geological evolution of the Bangongco-Nujiang and its adjacent areas
图 6 冈底斯弧盆系火山-侵入岩示意图
KSZ.昆仑缝合带；JSSZ.金沙江缝合带；LSSZ.龙木措-双湖缝合带；BNSZ.班公湖-怒江缝合带；ITSZ.雅鲁藏布江缝合带
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the volcanic-intrusive rocks in Gangdese arc-basin system
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