Wall Rock Alteration and Its Metallogenic Relationship with Gold of Baiyun Gold Deposit in Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton
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摘要: 为了理清白云矿床硅钾蚀变与金沉淀的成因关系，对硅钾蚀变岩石和未蚀变的矽线石云母片岩进行主微量元素测试分析，同时选取蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石中黄铁矿进行电子探针分析.以Al2O3作为不活动组分，通过质量平衡计算，发现明显带入的组分为CaO、K2O、Na2O、SiO2、Ag、As、Co、Cu、Ni，迁出组分为FeO、Cr、Zn.蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石中黄铁矿均表现出亏S和富Fe的特征，二者的Au/Ag值都大于0.5，Fe/（S+As）值变化范围为0.857~0.896.两种矿石中黄铁矿均为热液型，形成于中浅成的中温环境.在硅钾蚀变过程中，热液中的含硫组分损失，还原硫活度降低破坏了金-硫络合物的稳定性，导致Au的沉淀.Abstract: In order to clarify the genetic relationship between gold precipitation and silicic,K-feldspar alterations,silicic-potassic-altered and unaltered sillimanite/mica schist were selected for major and trace element analyses,while pyrites from quartz vein type and altered-rock type ore were selected for electron microprobe analyses. With Al2O3 chosen as inactive components,the mass balance calculations show that CaO,K2O,Na2O,SiO2,Ag,As,Co,Cu and Ni are brought in,contrary to FeO,Cr and Zn. Pyrites from altered-rock type ore and quartz vein type ore show the characteristics of depleted S and enriched Fe. The value of Au/Ag of pyrites is greater than 0.5,and the value of Fe/(S+As) ranges from 0.857 to 0.896. Pyrites are of hydrothermal origin and have formed in the medium-shallow depth and medium temperature environment. During the process of silicic and K-feldspar alterations,sulfur components are lost from hydrotherm. The decrease of sulfur activity destroys the stability of the gold-sulfur complex and leads to gold precipitation.
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图 1 青城子矿集区地质简图
据王玉往等(2017)；Zhang et al.(2019）修编
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Qingchengzi orefield, showing the distribution of deposits
图 3 19勘探线和52勘探线剖面及蚀变分带示意
Fig. 3. Geological profiles of exploration lines No. 19 and No. 52 showing alteration zonation
图 5 成矿期3个阶段矿物组合特征
a.成矿一阶段石英和钾长石显微镜下照片；b.成矿二阶段石英和钾长石显微镜下照片；c.成矿三阶段石英、黄铁矿和方解石显微镜下照片；d.成矿一阶段黄铁矿和绢云母显微镜下照片；e.成矿一阶段黄铁矿显微镜下照片；f.成矿二阶段黄铁矿和黄铜矿显微镜下照片；矿物代码：Py.黄铁矿；Ccp.黄铜矿；Kfs.钾长石；Q.石英；Cal.方解石；Ser.绢云母
Fig. 5. Mineral paragenesis of the three mineralization stages
图 6 白云矿床硅钾蚀变过程中的元素得失图
Fig. 6. Gain-loss diagrams for elements in the silicic and K-feldspar alteration process in the Baiyun Au deposit
图 7 蚀变岩与原岩的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式
Fig. 7. The REE chondrite-normalized distribution pattern of the altered rock and the original rock
图 8 白云矿床两种类型矿石中黄铁矿电子探针微量元素含量
Fig. 8. Elemental diagrams of pyrite from two types of ore in the Baiyun gold deposit
表 1 白云金矿床岩石主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)组成
Table 1. The compositions of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) of the rock from the Baiyun Au deposit
样品号 829-5 829-9 830-7 830-11 830-12 901-14 829-7 830-10 901-7 901-9 901-12 岩石类型 云母片岩 云母片岩 云母片岩 云母片岩 云母片岩 云母片岩 硅钾蚀变岩 硅钾蚀变岩 硅钾蚀变岩 硅钾蚀变岩 硅钾蚀变岩 Al2O3 18.87 17.48 16.15 14.10 13.51 23.59 15.78 16.18 15.21 20.09 10.88 BaO 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.14 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.02 CaO 0.31 0.39 0.75 3.27 2.62 0.11 1.37 3.07 2.69 0.48 1.88 Fe2O3 5.60 6.22 4.70 4.56 6.57 7.06 5.88 5.46 4.89 5.66 3.92 K2O 5.82 3.97 8.54 6.95 7.79 6.53 4.35 12.80 12.52 6.18 3.03 MgO 1.59 1.35 0.84 1.65 1.55 2.35 1.51 1.42 1.42 0.82 1.21 MnO 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.07 Na2O 0.65 0.34 1.54 0.84 0.23 0.20 1.40 0.46 0.28 0.24 2.16 P2O5 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.02 SiO2 60.71 63.09 62.71 60.96 59.61 54.89 63.49 53.28 56.34 59.52 73.01 TiO2 0.57 0.44 0.52 0.26 0.55 0.79 0.47 0.59 0.54 0.62 0.27 LOI 5.76 6.70 3.79 6.44 6.97 4.74 5.27 5.71 4.86 6.35 3.11 FeO 3.64 3.50 1.98 3.15 2.87 4.60 3.34 1.67 1.81 0.79 2.23 Ag 0.01 0.17 0.13 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.06 2.03 0.59 1.47 0.11 As 6.70 10.00 5.40 4.70 3.90 5.10 3.70 4.90 5.80 179.00 3.90 Ce 121.30 109.00 92.20 63.70 120.50 67.20 88.70 127.00 112.50 119.50 49.40 Co 9.70 17.40 14.40 5.40 18.00 5.50 15.20 16.30 20.40 14.30 9.50 Cr 66.00 53.00 44.00 24.00 52.00 84.00 52.00 48.00 39.00 62.00 17.00 Cs 3.67 5.54 1.52 2.85 1.83 4.49 3.40 1.19 1.59 4.30 2.61 Cu 18.60 94.20 16.00 9.60 29.30 9.50 39.00 24.20 19.40 25.20 28.00 Dy 6.73 5.28 3.99 4.21 5.01 1.77 4.44 4.23 5.10 4.71 2.96 Er 3.98 3.00 1.88 2.56 2.27 0.72 2.52 2.23 2.64 2.34 2.71 Eu 1.48 1.37 1.21 1.77 0.94 1.13 1.46 1.61 1.41 1.12 1.02 Gd 7.82 6.53 4.91 4.11 6.40 2.75 5.23 6.13 6.47 6.15 3.14 Ho 1.43 1.03 0.73 0.91 0.91 0.29 0.92 0.82 1.01 0.88 0.72 La 60.70 55.10 46.40 31.30 59.90 33.30 44.10 63.60 56.60 58.20 24.20 Lu 0.61 0.45 0.28 0.42 0.34 0.16 0.45 0.39 0.44 0.33 0.69 Nd 49.70 45.20 38.20 27.20 48.90 27.30 35.20 51.80 47.50 48.90 20.00 Ni 27.30 32.90 20.20 11.80 34.40 7.60 34.30 21.50 30.10 28.00 18.20 Pb 4.60 23.50 4.10 39.90 4.50 17.90 19.30 6.90 11.10 12.00 10.80 Pr 14.10 12.48 10.35 7.32 13.95 7.50 10.05 14.43 13.03 13.85 5.61 Sm 8.60 8.32 6.72 4.93 8.60 4.35 6.52 8.94 8.47 8.75 3.82 Tb 1.13 0.93 0.69 0.66 0.92 0.37 0.77 0.79 0.97 0.83 0.47 Tm 0.58 0.44 0.29 0.40 0.32 0.11 0.40 0.35 0.38 0.33 0.53 Yb 3.74 2.83 1.77 2.70 2.10 0.81 2.65 2.30 2.61 2.21 4.24 Zn 65.00 178.00 34.00 55.00 42.00 58.00 75.00 26.00 14.00 13.00 58.00 
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表 2 白云金矿床矿石中黄铁矿电子探针测试结果（%）
Table 2. Results of electron probe tests (%) of pyrite from the ore in the Baiyun Au deposit
矿石类型 样品号 As S Fe Pb Ni Ag Cu Zn Te Au Total 硅钾蚀变岩型 82907-1 0.03 53.21 46.06 0.19 0.03 - 0.04 0.05 0.02 - 99.63 硅钾蚀变岩型 82911-1 0.03 51.93 46.52 0.18 0.00 - 0.03 - 0.01 - 98.68 硅钾蚀变岩型 82912-1 - 54.74 45.96 0.16 0.27 0.02 - 0.02 0.03 - 101.19 硅钾蚀变岩型 83006-1 - 52.59 46.67 0.00 0.05 - - - 0.01 - 99.32 硅钾蚀变岩型 83006-2 - 54.07 46.41 0.15 - - - 0.00 0.02 0.10 100.95 硅钾蚀变岩型 83006-4 0.03 53.25 46.73 0.16 - 0.04 0.00 - 0.05 - 100.26 硅钾蚀变岩型 90103-1 0.04 53.31 46.94 0.17 - - - - 0.01 - 100.47 硅钾蚀变岩型 90109-1 - 54.30 46.68 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.07 - 0.03 - 101.24 硅钾蚀变岩型 90201-5 0.03 52.43 46.55 0.20 0.07 - - - - - 99.28 硅钾蚀变岩型 90112-1 0.03 52.41 45.84 0.15 0.12 0.02 - 0.06 - - 98.63 硅钾蚀变岩型 90112-3 - 52.52 46.12 0.18 0.03 0.01 - - 0.03 - 98.88 硅钾蚀变岩型 90205-6 - 53.33 46.89 0.22 - 0.01 - - 0.01 - 100.47 硅钾蚀变岩型 90205-7 - 53.00 46.72 0.26 0.03 0.03 0.05 - 0.03 - 100.10 硅钾蚀变岩型 90205-8 0.03 53.36 46.74 0.14 0.08 - - 0.03 0.01 - 100.38 硅钾蚀变岩型 90737-2 0.02 52.83 47.36 0.10 0.02 0.01 - - 0.02 - 100.35 硅钾蚀变岩型 90737-4 - 52.42 46.83 0.08 - - - 0.01 0.01 - 99.35 硅钾蚀变岩型 90737-5 - 52.64 46.82 0.20 0.05 0.02 - - - 0.02 99.54 硅钾蚀变岩型 90824-1 0.01 53.27 46.78 0.15 - 0.01 - - - 0.06 100.27 硅钾蚀变岩型 90824-2 - 53.07 46.07 0.15 0.05 - - - 0.02 - 99.36 硅钾蚀变岩型 90824-3 0.01 53.57 45.89 0.12 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.06 - 99.77 硅钾蚀变岩型 90826-1 - 53.41 46.89 0.17 0.04 0.00 - 0.06 0.02 0.08 100.68 硅钾蚀变岩型 90826-2 0.01 53.33 46.57 0.12 - 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.28 100.42 硅钾蚀变岩型 90826-3 - 53.84 46.22 0.18 - - 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.07 100.35 硅钾蚀变岩型 90927-1 0.04 53.77 46.42 0.13 - - 0.02 - 0.02 0.05 100.45 硅钾蚀变岩型 90927-2 - 53.69 46.13 0.18 0.02 0.03 - 0.00 0.01 0.04 100.11 硅钾蚀变岩型 90927-3 0.04 54.11 46.78 0.13 0.05 - 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 101.29 石英脉型 82906-1 0.03 54.61 45.74 0.18 - 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.06 100.62 石英脉型 82906-2 0.06 52.38 46.36 0.26 0.05 0.04 - 0.03 0.08 - 99.26 石英脉型 82906-3 0.00 52.78 45.72 0.20 0.51 0.01 0.01 - 0.02 - 99.26 石英脉型 90203-5 - 52.98 46.59 0.15 - 0.03 0.06 - - - 99.80 石英脉型 90203-6 - 52.33 47.01 0.13 - - 0.02 0.04 - - 99.53 石英脉型 90203-8 - 53.21 46.40 0.20 - - - - 0.07 - 99.89 石英脉型 90208-6 - 53.57 46.30 0.11 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.05 - 100.17 石英脉型 90210-1 - 53.11 46.88 0.16 0.12 - - 0.06 0.03 - 100.36 石英脉型 90210-2 - 53.47 46.42 0.18 - - 0.00 - 0.01 - 100.08 石英脉型 90212-1 - 54.26 46.38 0.25 - - 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.26 101.28 石英脉型 90212-2 0.01 52.00 47.24 0.23 0.01 - 0.00 - 0.02 - 99.50
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