Multiple High-Grade Metamorphic Events of the Jiaobei Terrane, North China Craton: New Evidences from Zircon U-Pb Ages and Trace Elements Compositions of Garnet Amphilbote and Granitic Leucosomes
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摘要: 胶北是华北克拉通一个记录了多期高级变质事件的前寒武纪变质地体，确定其每期变质-深熔事件时代与性质对进一步认识胶北乃至华北克拉通早前寒武纪地质演化具有十分重要的科学意义.本文以栖霞石榴斜长角闪岩及其伴生的花岗质浅色体为研究对象，通过锆石内部矿物包体、CL图像、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年与稀土元素组成的综合研究，发现石榴斜长角闪岩（19LR53-1）中锆石可进一步划分为两类：第一类（新太古代晚期）锆石通常具有浑圆状晶形且相对弱的（灰黑色）的阴极发光效应，18个该类锆石微区记录了十分一致的207Pb/206Pb年龄，变化于2 540±58 Ma至2 439±54 Ma之间，相应的加权平均年龄为2 498±25 Ma，应代表石榴斜长角闪岩遭受新太古代晚期变质作用的时代；第二类锆石通常具有柱状晶形且相对强的（灰色-灰白色）的阴极发光效应，14个该类锆石微区记录了十分一致的207Pb/206Pb年龄，变化于1 906±54 Ma至1 821±60 Ma之间，相应的加权平均年龄为1 865±30 Ma，被解释为石榴斜长角闪岩遭受古元古代晚期退变质作用的时代.花岗质浅色脉体（19LR53-2）中绝大多数锆石具有不规则状晶形且相对弱的（灰黑色）阴极发光效应，有的含有少量长英质矿物包体，如钾长石+斜长石+石英+磷灰石，18个该类锆石微区记录的207Pb/206Pb年龄变化于2 521±48 Ma至2 453±42 Ma之间，相应的加权平均年龄为2 480±22 Ma，应代表胶北地体新太古代晚期地壳深熔作用的时代.综合本文与前人发表的同位素年代学资料可知，胶北地体太古宙变质基底岩石不仅经历了新太古代晚期~2 500 Ma高级变质作用与地壳深熔作用，而且还叠加了古元古代晚期~1 850 Ma的高级变质作用与地壳深熔作用，它们可能是华北克拉通两次克拉通化过程中的地质响应.Abstract: The Jiaobei is a typical Precambrian metamorphic terrane in the North China Craton that records multiple high-grade metamorphic events. It is of great scientific significance to determine the nature, timing of each metamorphic event in order to further understand the geological evolution of the early Precambrian in the Jiaobei Terrane and even the North China Craton. A combined study of mineral inclusions, cathodoluminescence (CL) images, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, and in-situ rare earth element (REE) compositions of zircons provides clear evidence on the timing of the metamorphism and partial melting in the Qixia garnet amphibolites and related granitic leucosomes. The zircons separated from garnet amphibolites (19LR53-1) can be subdivided into two distinct zircon domains: The late Neoarchean zircons are rounded in shape and black-luminescent in CL images, eighteen late Neoarchean zircons record a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age, ranging from 2 540±58 Ma to 2 439±54 Ma with a weighted average age of 2 498±25 Ma, which represents the late Neoarchean metamorphic timing of the garnet amphibolites. In contrast, the late Paleoproterozoic zircons usually have columnar crystals and relatively high (grey-off-white) cathodoluminescence in CL image. Fourteen late Paleoproterozoic zircons record a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age, ranging from 1 906±54 Ma to 1 821±60 Ma with a weighted average age of 1 865±30 Ma, which represents the retrogressive timing of garnet amphibolites during late Paleoproterozoic cratonization. The zircons in the granitic leucosomes (19LR53-2) have irregular crystal shapes and relatively weak (gray-black) cathodoluminescence in the CL image. Some of them contain felsic mineral inclusions, such as K-feldspar+plagiclase+quartz+apatite. Eighteen zircons from the granitic leucosomes record a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age, ranging from 2 521±48 Ma to 2 453±42 Ma with a weighted average age of 2 480±22 Ma. The age is interpretated as the late Neoarchean anatectic timing of the Jiaobei terrane, which, together with the published data, suggests that the Archean basement rocks of the Jiaobei terrane have not only experienced the high-grade metamorphism and crustal anatexis in the late Neoarchean, but also overprinted the high-grade metamorphism and crustal anatexis in the late Paleoproterozoic. They may be the geological responses of the two cratonizations of the North China Craton.
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图 1 胶北前寒武纪变质地质简图(图a据Zhao et al., 2012修改；图b据卢良兆等，1996修改)
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Jiaobei Precambrian metamorphic basement (Fig.a and Fig.b modified after Zhao et al., 2012; Lu et al., 1996, respectively)
图 2 栖霞地区前寒武纪地质简图(据万渝生等，2017修改)
Fig. 2. Simplified Precambrian geological map of the Qixia area (modified after Wan et al., 2017)
图 3 胶北地体栖霞地区石榴斜长角闪岩及其花岗质浅色体野外照片
a、b.石榴斜长角闪岩中条带状花岗质浅色脉体；c、d.花岗质浅色脉中石榴斜长角闪岩露头近照；e、f.石榴斜长角闪岩中花岗质浅色脉体发生了强烈褶皱变形，并在褶皱转折端加厚
Fig. 3. Field photographs showing outcrops of garnet amphibolites and granitic leucosomes in the Qixia area of the Jiaobei Terrane
图 4 胶北地体栖霞地区石榴斜长角闪岩及其花岗质浅色体代表性显微照片
a、b.石榴斜长角闪岩含石榴子石结构微域典型的矿物组合：石榴子石+普通角闪石+斜长石+石英，以及石榴子石边部发育典型的减压反应结构，a为单偏光，b为正交偏光；c、d.石榴斜长角闪岩不含石榴子石结构微域典型的矿物组合：普通角闪石+斜长石+石英，c为单偏光，d为正交偏光；e、f.花岗质浅色体中强变形结构微域典型的矿物组合：斜长石+石英，其中石英被拔丝拉长，斜长石被扁平化，e为单偏光，f为正交偏光.矿物缩写：Grt.石榴子石；Hb.普通角闪石；Pl.斜长石；Qz.石英
Fig. 4. Representative photomicrographs of garnet amphibolites with granitic leucosomes in the Qixia area of the Jiaobei Terrane
图 5 胶北栖霞地区石榴斜长角闪岩与花岗质浅色体中锆石阴极发光图像与207Pb/206Pb年龄
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence images and 207Pb/206Pb ages of zircons from garnet amphibolites and granitic leucosomes in the Qixia area of the Jiaobei Terrane
图 6 胶北栖霞地区石榴斜长角闪岩与花岗质浅色体中锆石U⁃Pb谐和图(a、c和e)与锆石稀土元素配分模式图(b、d和f)(球粒陨石稀土数据据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Fig. 6. Concordia diagrams (a, c, and e) and CI-normalized REE patterns (b, d and f) of zircons from garnet amphibolites and granitic leucosomes in the Qixia area of the Jiaobei Terrane (chondrite (CI) after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
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