Neoproterozoic Bimodal Volcanic Rocks from Dingyuan Formation in Western Dabie Area, Northern Margin of Yangtze Block, China: Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Geological Implications
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摘要: 西大别地区定远组双峰式火山建造主要由流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩和玄武岩组成，受区域变质作用影响较小，保留了良好的新元古代火山岩构造，成为理解扬子地块北缘大别山地区前寒武纪地质演化的极佳研究对象.为深化理解其成因和动力学背景，对该火山岩系开展了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.流纹岩具较高的SiO2（70.06%~75.46%）、总碱（7.13%~7.89%）和Al2O3（12.96%~14.84%）含量，属于过铝质（A/CNK=1.05~1.27）、钙碱性系列，具S型花岗岩的亲缘性.岩石富集轻稀土（（La/Yb）N=5.30~19.81），负Eu异常不明显.流纹岩锶同位素初始比值ISr为0.703 5~0.707 7，钕同位素εNd（t）值为-10.6~-6.5，两阶段Nd模式年龄TDM2=1.69~2.00 Ga.其锆石εHf（t）值介于-19.2~-7.2，两阶段Hf模式年龄TDM2=1.77~2.59 Ga.玄武岩发育典型的气孔和杏仁构造，SiO2含量为48.26%~51.71%，Mg#值为0.32~0.59，轻稀土元素弱富集（（La/Yb）N=3.21~10.23）.锶同位素初始比值ISr为0.706 1~0.708 1，钕同位素εNd（t）值为-6.6~+3.4，单阶段Nd模式年龄TDM=1.44~2.02 Ga.岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征显示，定远组流纹岩起源扬子古老陆壳物质的部分熔融；玄武岩原始岩浆可能起源于富集地幔物质的部分熔融.该玄武质岩浆演化过程以分离结晶为主，可能存在少量陆壳物质混染.在陆缘拉张背景下岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生热的基性母岩浆，其底侵或上侵使得地壳岩石部分熔融，产生酸性岩浆，基性岩浆和酸性岩浆交替喷出形成了定远组双峰式火山岩系.扬子地块北缘大别地区新元古代中期（740 Ma左右）岩石圈地幔表现为富集特征，并处于岩石圈持续伸展的动力学背景.Abstract: Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks from the Dingyuan Formation within the western Dabie terrain consist of rhyolite, rhyolitic tuff and basalt. Elemental, whole-rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf isotopic analyses were carried out in this study for these volcanic rocks, in order to better understand their petrogenesis and geodynamic processes along the northern margin of Yangtze block. The rhyolite is characterized by high concentrations of SiO2 and Al2O3, belongs to the calc-alkaline series, and is peraluminous. It is enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and shows unapparent Eu anomaly. The basalt has SiO2 of 48.26% to 51.71%, Mg# values of 0.32 to 0.59, and is weakly enriched in light rare earth elements. The rhyolite has initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.703 5 to 0.707 7, and negative εNd(t) values of -10.6 to -6.5, with calculated two-stage Nd model ages of 1.69 to 2.00 Ga, while the basalt has (87Sr/86Sr)i of 0.706 1 to 0.708 1, εNd(t) of -6.6 to +3.4, and the Nd model ages (TDM) values of 1.44 to 2.02 Ga. In situ zircon Hf isotopic analyses show that the εHf(t) values of zircons from the rhyolite vary from -19.2 to -7.2, with calculated two-stage Hf model ages of 1.77 to 2.59 Ga. The geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic signatures suggest that the rhyolite has a close affinity to S-type granite, and is derived from partial melting of the ancient crust of the Yangtze block. The basalt is most likely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle, with fractional crystallization and assimilation of crustal materials during the evolution of the magma. It is proposed that the Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic suites from the Dingyuan and the Qijiaoshan formations are erupted coevally, but have different sources and magmatic processes. The bimodal volcanic rocks in this study provide evidences for an enriched lithospheric mantle beneath the Dabie terrain at ca.740 Ma, and a rifting extensional setting for the north margin of the Yangtze block.
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Key words:
- volcanic rock /
- geochemistry /
- petrogenesis /
- Sr-Nd-Hf isotope /
- lithospheric mantle /
- Dabie orogen
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图 1 西大别地区大地构造位置(a, b)和地质简图(c)
图a和b据Yang et al.(2016)和Dong and Santosh (2016); 图c据Liu et al.(2004)修改
Fig. 1. The tectonic setting (a, b) and geological sketch map(c) of the western Dabie area
图 2 定远组双峰式火山岩野外露头、手标本和镜下照片
a. 双峰式火山岩系典型野外露头，见变流纹岩和变玄武岩呈互层产出；b.流纹岩手标本照片，见流纹构造；c.变玄武岩手标本照片，见气孔构造和辉石斑晶；d. 流纹岩正交偏光显微照片，见石英和条纹长石斑岩，条纹长石斑晶不在视域内，基质呈条带状相间排列构成流纹构造，遇斑晶绕过；e. 变玄武岩正交偏光显微照片，间粒结构，可见绿帘石化和部分辉石残留.Qz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Px.辉石；Ep.绿帘石
Fig. 2. Field photo, hand specimens and photomicrographs of the bimodal volcanic rocks from the Dingyuan Formation
图 3 定远组双峰式火山岩SiO2-Na2O+K2O图解（a），Nb/Y-SiO2图解（b），SiO2-K2O图解（c）和A/CNK-A/NK图解（d）
图a据Le Maitre(1989)；图b据Winchester and Floyd(1977)；图c据Pearce and Norry(1979)；图d据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)
Fig. 3. SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O(a), Nb/Y versus SiO2(b), SiO2 versus K2O(c) and A/CNK versus A/NK (d) for the bimodal volcanic rocks from the Dingyuan Formation
图 4 定远组流纹岩（a, b）和玄武岩（c, d）的稀土元素配分图和微量元素标准化蛛网图
球粒陨石和N-MORB标准化值据Sun and McDonough (1989); 红安岩群七角山岩组数据据Zhu et al.(2019)
Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern and normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB)-normalized trace element diagrams for the rhyolite (a, b) and basalt (c, d) from the Dingyuan Formation
图 5 定远组流纹岩的锆石εHf(t)-t图解
前寒武纪早期地壳范围依据大陆地壳平均演化线（176Lu/177Hf=0.015，Griffin et al., 2002）计算. 红安岩群七角山岩组火山岩及西大别地区新元代花岗岩数据引自Zhu et al.(2019)
Fig. 5. Zircon εHf(t) vs. age diagram for the rhyolite from the Dingyuan Formation
图 6 定远组双峰式火山岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
华北地块下地壳、中上地壳和扬子地块下地壳范围引自Zhao and Zhou(2009). 大别山片麻岩数据引自Ma et al. (2000). 武当地区耀岭河基性火山岩数据引自Zhu et al. (2014), 西大别地区王母观辉长岩数据由张旗等（1995）重新计算（t=635 Ma）
Fig. 6. εNd(t) vs. (87Sr/86Sr)i diagram for the bimodal volcanic rocks from the Dingyuan Formation
图 7 定远组玄武岩Zr-Ti图解（a，据Pearce, 1982）和Zr-Zr/Y图解（b, 据Pearce and Norry, 1979）
IAB.岛弧玄武岩；MORB.洋中脊玄武岩；WPB.板内玄武岩
Fig. 7. Zr versus Ti diagram (a) (after Pearce, 1982) and Zr versus Zr/Y diagram (b) (after Pearce and Norry, 1979) for basalt from the Dingyuan Formation
图 8 定远组变玄武岩Th/Y-Sm/Th(a)和Nd/U-Sm/Th图解(b)(据Zhao and Zhou, 2009; Zhu et al., 2019)
原始地幔、洋岛玄武岩和正常洋中脊玄武岩数据引自Sun and McDonough (1989)，南秦岭地区和红安岩群幔源基性岩数据引自Zhao and Zhou(2009)和Zhu et al.(2019).OIB.洋岛玄武岩, N-MORB.正常洋中脊玄武岩
Fig. 8. Th/Y versus Sm/Th(a) and Nd/U versus Sm/Th (b) diagrams for basalt from the Dingyuan Formation (after Zhao and Zhou, 2009; Zhu et al., 2019)
图 9 扬子陆块北缘南秦岭、随枣和大别地区新元古界岩系记录联系对比
武当岩群和耀岭河组年龄凌文黎等(2007); Zhu et al.(2014)；随县群年龄引自Yang et al.(2016); 七角山岩组和定远组年龄引自Zhu et al.(2019); 朱江等(2019); 王母观基性岩年龄数据刘贻灿等(2006)
Fig. 9. Stratigraphic correlation diagram of Neoproterozoic rock series in the South Qinling, Suizhou-Zhaoyang, and Dabie areas
图 10 扬子陆块北缘大别地区新元古代740~635 Ma地质构造模式
Fig. 10. Schematic model showing the extensional setting with magmatism during 740 to 635 Ma in the Dabie area, northern margin of the Yangtze block
表 1 定远组双峰式火山岩主量元素（%）和微量、稀土元素10-6)分析结果
Table 1. Major elements (%), trace elements (10-6) and rare earth elements (10-6) of the bimodal volcanic rocks from the Dingyuan Formation
样号 PM027-7 18DY-5 18DY-9 18DY-10 18DY-12 18DY-13 PM027-6 18DY-1 18DY-2 18DY-3 18DY-4 18DY-6 18DY-7 18DY-8 18DY-11 岩性 流纹岩 流纹岩 流纹岩 流纹岩 流纹岩 流纹岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武质 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 SiO2 75.46 74.21 72.37 74.82 74.04 70.06 48.44 51.71 48.72 48.47 49.71 49.42 48.26 48.96 49.44 TiO2 0.23 0.21 0.43 0.30 0.29 0.42 3.20 1.15 1.08 2.51 1.33 1.14 0.98 3.23 3.34 Al2O3 12.96 13.83 14.47 13.86 13.52 14.84 11.95 16.17 17.54 12.56 18.36 17.71 17.34 12.16 11.98 Fe2O3 0.61 0.50 1.92 1.33 1.52 1.26 10.52 8.68 7.59 8.11 11.52 6.38 5.26 11.83 6.48 FeO 1.14 1.56 1.00 0.60 0.79 1.82 6.22 1.37 2.38 7.05 0.57 3.71 4.84 4.69 8.63 MnO 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.22 0.12 0.14 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.20 0.19 MgO 0.24 0.24 0.62 0.20 0.28 0.48 3.81 4.56 5.11 5.30 4.16 4.82 6.51 3.40 5.23 CaO 0.28 0.24 0.26 0.82 0.20 1.64 8.21 7.87 6.84 8.34 1.34 8.29 7.41 8.08 7.28 Na2O 3.63 5.60 5.12 6.48 5.59 5.62 2.21 3.59 1.87 1.44 1.84 1.63 1.09 2.11 2.34 K2O 4.26 1.92 2.28 0.65 2.26 1.70 0.64 1.02 3.41 1.84 4.30 2.96 4.02 0.93 0.11 P2O5 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.44 0.24 0.20 0.28 0.18 0.29 0.15 0.46 0.42 灼失 0.74 0.65 1.35 0.81 2.25 0.98 3.09 3.77 4.22 2.17 6.30 3.31 3.61 3.65 3.33 A/NK 1.22 1.22 1.33 1.22 1.16 1.34 2.76 2.31 2.59 2.88 2.39 3.01 2.82 2.72 3.02 A/CNK 1.17 1.18 1.27 1.08 1.13 1.05 0.62 0.76 0.91 0.64 1.81 0.85 0.88 0.63 0.70 La 23.2 39.2 31.9 77.1 24.9 45.2 27.8 18.4 14.1 14.0 15.3 24.1 11.6 27.6 24.1 Ce 40.6 96.2 71.7 171.0 86.5 88.7 55.4 40.5 30.7 38.0 24.2 48.9 22.6 63.2 58.8 Pr 3.82 9.20 6.27 17.60 8.12 9.69 7.98 4.88 4.51 5.30 4.46 7.02 3.97 8.54 7.43 Nd 12.8 35.1 25.4 63.8 29.6 33.1 37.8 21.0 20.3 25.0 21.0 30.4 18.2 38.8 33.7 Sm 1.77 6.08 3.95 10.40 5.42 5.13 9.20 4.36 4.56 6.65 4.87 6.31 4.11 9.64 8.48 Eu 0.48 1.20 0.99 2.16 1.28 1.30 2.94 1.64 1.75 2.20 2.12 2.03 1.62 3.15 2.26 Gd 1.64 5.22 3.44 8.38 4.67 4.50 8.74 3.56 3.77 6.18 4.17 5.24 3.21 8.81 7.57 Tb 0.20 0.80 0.46 1.08 0.77 0.59 1.58 0.54 0.60 1.12 0.68 0.81 0.51 1.53 1.33 Dy 1.07 4.98 2.48 5.62 4.99 3.26 9.73 2.98 3.54 6.91 3.85 4.64 2.86 9.34 7.99 Ho 0.22 1.06 0.51 1.10 1.09 0.66 1.92 0.57 0.69 1.37 0.74 0.90 0.55 1.83 1.56 Er 0.64 3.00 1.44 2.99 3.07 1.83 4.83 1.45 1.77 3.42 1.83 2.24 1.37 4.56 3.95 Tm 0.12 0.49 0.23 0.46 0.49 0.28 0.73 0.21 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.32 0.19 0.64 0.56 Yb 0.84 3.34 1.63 3.10 3.37 1.94 4.48 1.29 1.54 3.13 1.58 1.94 1.20 3.88 3.42 Lu 0.12 0.47 0.24 0.42 0.47 0.27 0.57 0.16 0.19 0.39 0.20 0.23 0.14 0.48 0.37 Y 6.2 28.5 13.8 27.8 27.1 18.7 45.9 15.0 18.1 33.7 20.0 23.6 14.0 46.0 39.5 Cr 21.70 5.46 7.50 7.67 2.96 8.23 24.80 134.00 109.00 57.20 109.00 58.60 145.00 9.13 29.10 Co 0.90 0.76 2.72 1.58 0.68 2.69 40.10 30.20 30.60 48.40 39.70 25.50 35.50 40.50 51.80 Ni 2.64 2.12 2.35 3.14 2.11 2.95 33.40 46.00 71.90 58.80 81.70 16.50 124.00 28.60 44.50 Ga 13.4 18.2 15.4 16.2 16.9 16.7 24.6 18.4 19.8 23.6 18.8 22 18.4 24.3 19.7 Rb 68.6 39.6 54.0 15.4 37.1 40.8 19.4 28.3 64.8 46.4 101.0 70.4 96.2 31.6 4.5 Sr 33.6 31.9 38.1 81.6 26.7 166.0 478.0 1 020.0 754.0 608.0 84.2 848.0 751.0 590.0 378.0 Zr 133.0 185.0 252.0 414.0 390.0 219.0 264.0 101.0 86.9 211.0 78.6 143.0 77.3 282.0 269.0 Nb 10.60 21.00 13.40 23.00 22.90 13.60 16.40 4.75 4.18 15.00 3.08 6.84 2.96 20.20 19.90 Ba 1 820 935 734 348 1 160 862 952 590 1 580 1 320 1 610 1 250 1 390 612 135 Li 2.56 3.68 9.75 4.32 3.23 7.87 7.62 20.40 25.20 15.10 35.30 21.40 26.70 10.60 21.80 Hf 3.58 5.27 5.60 8.65 8.51 5.00 6.13 2.25 1.95 4.85 1.75 3.00 1.73 6.44 6.07 Ta 0.860 0.980 0.760 1.100 1.120 0.740 1.020 0.220 0.130 0.750 0.089 0.220 0.120 1.090 1.020 Pb 17.70 25.10 9.82 30.00 25.70 26.60 16.70 10.30 7.78 53.90 14.30 14.90 9.53 10.90 49.10 Th 1.31 2.12 1.33 2.20 1.69 2.64 2.72 2.38 0.90 1.65 0.35 1.49 1.19 2.66 2.47 U 0.85 0.85 0.65 1.36 0.62 1.75 1.10 0.55 0.20 0.40 0.21 0.31 0.29 0.64 0.48 Cs 0.78 0.43 1.00 0.32 0.74 1.24 9.92 0.44 0.91 1.19 1.44 0.79 1.08 8.70 0.89 V 6.86 17.00 44.20 24.50 23.60 43.80 488.00 206.00 210.00 414.00 233.00 236.00 192.00 409.00 387.00 Sc 7.50 6.70 6.17 10.30 6.32 4.66 37.4 25.60 26.50 40.10 18.10 27.80 21.60 38.90 37.80 Be 1.69 2.55 2.54 1.68 2.09 2.38 1.25 0.74 1.37 1.55 1.15 1.48 1.12 2.05 1.36 F 226 233 315 212 214 326 602 933 526 409 646 846 647 567 607 Cl 24.60 31.30 28.30 33.00 26.40 34.20 67.20 60.70 64.80 143.00 60.30 65.50 69.80 84.20 253.00 ΣREE 88 206 151 365 175 196 174 102 88 114 85 135 72 182 162 (La/Yb)N 19.81 8.42 14.04 17.84 5.30 16.71 4.45 10.23 6.57 3.21 6.95 8.91 6.93 5.10 5.05 δEu 0.86 0.65 0.82 0.71 0.78 0.83 1.00 1.27 1.29 1.05 1.44 1.08 1.36 1.04 0.86 δCe 1.06 1.24 1.24 1.14 1.49 1.04 0.91 1.05 0.94 1.08 0.72 0.92 0.82 1.01 1.08 
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表 2 定远组双峰式火山岩全岩Sr-Nd同位素分析结果
Table 2. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data of the bimodal volcanic rocks from the Dingyuan Formation
样品号 岩性 年龄(Ma) Rb(10-6) Sr(10-6) 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr ISr Sm(10-6) Nd(10-6) 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd (143Nd/144Nd)i εNd(t) T2DM(Ga) TDM(Ga) 18DY-1 玄武岩 740 22.500 994.00 0.065 24 0.707 36 0.706 7 3.842 18.96 0.122 6 0.511 943 0.511 348 -6.6 2.02 2.02 18DY-3 玄武岩 740 43.830 585.30 0.215 90 0.708 41 0.706 1 6.466 24.71 0.158 3 0.512 626 0.511 858 3.4 1.44 1.45 18DY-11 玄武岩 740 3.978 390.20 0.029 40 0.708 45 0.708 1 7.959 32.00 0.150 5 0.512 554 0.511 824 2.7 1.44 1.44 18DY-5 流纹岩 740 44.890 80.96 1.601 00 0.720 44 0.703 5 5.985 34.64 0.104 5 0.511 856 0.511 349 -6.5 1.80 1.80 18DY-10 流纹岩 740 13.730 200.00 0.197 90 0.709 78 0.707 7 10.210 63.53 0.097 2 0.511 615 0.511 143 -10.6 2.00 2.01 18DY-13 流纹岩 740 46.580 327.50 0.410 10 0.710 94 0.706 6 4.908 32.43 0.091 6 0.511 794 0.511 350 -6.5 1.69 1.69 注：计算过程所用参数：(147Sm/143Nd)CHUR= 0.196 7; (143Nd/144Nd)CHUR =0.512 638; (147Sm/143Nd)DM=0.213 7; (143Nd/144Nd)DM=0.513 15.
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表 3 定远组流纹岩的锆石Lu-Hf同位素LA-MC-ICP-MS原位分析结果
Table 3. LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data of the rhyolite from the Dingyuan Formation
激光点号 年龄(Ma) 176Lu/177Hf 176Yb/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 1σ εHf(0) 1σ εHf(t) 1σ T2DM(Ga) fLu/Hf 流纹岩样品PM027-7 PM027-7@01 740 0.001 697 0.059 479 0.281 896 0.000 019 -31.0 0.9 -15.5 0.9 2.38 -0.95 PM027-7@02 740 0.001 863 0.063 458 0.281 872 0.000 020 -31.8 0.9 -16.5 0.9 2.43 -0.94 PM027-7@03 740 0.002 255 0.078 416 0.281 838 0.000 021 -33.0 0.9 -17.8 0.9 2.51 -0.93 PM027-7@04 740 0.000 996 0.044 576 0.281 782 0.000 026 -35.0 1.1 -19.2 1.1 2.59 -0.97 PM027-7@05 740 0.007 678 0.307 686 0.282 105 0.000 034 -23.6 1.3 -11.1 1.4 2.14 -0.77 PM027-7@06 740 0.001 477 0.050 172 0.281 795 0.000 024 -34.6 1.0 -19.0 1.1 2.57 -0.96 PM027-7@07 740 0.002 467 0.085 258 0.281 847 0.000 023 -32.7 1.0 -17.6 1.0 2.50 -0.93 PM027-7@08 740 0.002 535 0.106 847 0.281 913 0.000 034 -30.4 1.3 -15.3 1.4 2.37 -0.92 PM027-7@09 740 0.002 089 0.072 915 0.281 902 0.000 020 -30.8 0.9 -15.5 0.9 2.38 -0.94 PM027-7@10 740 0.003 175 0.112 580 0.281 975 0.000 020 -28.2 0.9 -13.4 0.9 2.27 -0.90 PM027-7@11 740 0.002 449 0.083 438 0.282 007 0.000 019 -27.0 0.8 -11.9 0.9 2.19 -0.93 PM027-7@12 740 0.001 769 0.061 157 0.282 023 0.000 018 -26.5 0.8 -11.0 0.9 2.14 -0.95 PM027-7@13 740 0.001 700 0.059 541 0.282 070 0.000 019 -24.8 0.9 -9.4 0.9 2.05 -0.95 PM027-7@14 740 0.003 138 0.109 431 0.282 124 0.000 021 -22.9 0.9 -8.1 1.0 1.98 -0.91 流纹岩样品PM027-10 PM027-10@01 739 0.000 556 0.022 472 0.281 980 0.000 020 -28.0 0.9 -12.0 0.9 2.19 -0.98 PM027-10@02 739 0.001 322 0.043 633 0.282 020 0.000 021 -26.6 0.9 -10.9 0.9 2.13 -0.96 PM027-10@03 739 0.002 397 0.085 486 0.282 140 0.000 020 -22.4 0.9 -7.2 0.9 1.93 -0.93 PM027-10@04 739 0.003 071 0.107 312 0.282 100 0.000 025 -23.8 1.0 -9.0 1.0 2.03 -0.91 PM027-10@05 739 0.002 876 0.104 603 0.282 051 0.000 025 -25.5 1.0 -10.6 1.1 2.12 -0.91 PM027-10@06 739 0.001 205 0.053 666 0.281 846 0.000 036 -32.7 1.4 -17.1 1.4 2.47 -0.96 PM027-10@07 739 0.002 497 0.084 565 0.281 994 0.000 022 -27.5 0.9 -12.4 1.0 2.22 -0.92 PM027-10@08 739 0.002 664 0.097 001 0.281 947 0.000 022 -29.2 0.9 -14.2 1.0 2.31 -0.92 PM027-10@09 739 0.002 321 0.082 449 0.281 963 0.000 023 -28.6 1.0 -13.5 1.0 2.27 -0.93
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